Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1981113604', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.008', 'title': 'Lactulose: Production, purification and potential applications', 'display_name': 'Lactulose: Production, purification and potential applications', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1981113604', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.008', 'mag': '1981113604', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21856402'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.008', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160877137', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology Advances', 'issn_l': '0734-9750', 'issn': ['0734-9750', '1873-1899'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003412070', 'display_name': 'Parmjit S. Panesar', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4652-9199'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I63568130', 'display_name': 'Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01n15vy71', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I63568130']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Parmjit S. Panesar', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal-148 106, Punjab, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal-148 106, Punjab, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I63568130']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5074042204', 'display_name': 'Shweta Kumari', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5241-297X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I63568130', 'display_name': 'Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01n15vy71', 'country_code': 'IN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I63568130']}], 'countries': ['IN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Shweta Kumari', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal-148 106, Punjab, India'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biotechnology Research Laboratory, Department of Food Engineering & Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal-148 106, Punjab, India', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I63568130']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5003412070'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I63568130'], 'apc_list': {'value': 5300, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 5300, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.53, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 192, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.762701, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '29', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '940', 'last_page': '948'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12964', 'display_name': 'Impact of Fructose on Metabolic Health', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2712', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12964', 'display_name': 'Impact of Fructose on Metabolic Health', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2712', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13199', 'display_name': 'Genetic Adaptation of Lactase Persistence in Humans', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12489', 'display_name': 'Role of Fructans in Nutrition and Health', 'score': 0.9957, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2916', 'display_name': 'Nutrition and Dietetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/29', 'display_name': 'Nursing'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lactulose', 'display_name': 'Lactulose', 'score': 0.9794736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/prebiotic', 'display_name': 'Prebiotic', 'score': 0.550701}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fructose', 'display_name': 'Fructose', 'score': 0.526804}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777448540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422689', 'display_name': 'Lactulose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9794736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778724459', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127900', 'display_name': 'Lactose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60777867}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775980262', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218870', 'display_name': 'Prebiotic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.550701}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776970464', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122043', 'display_name': 'Fructose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5342751}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.50978416}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780512811', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11829360', 'display_name': 'Gastrointestinal tract', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49657613}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4431824}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778977261', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11358', 'display_name': 'Carbohydrate', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43697536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778173381', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66589593', 'display_name': 'Galactose', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43501976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31903555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030', 'display_name': 'Food science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3776124}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3743374}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32118818}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30953038}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001709', 'descriptor_name': 'Biotechnology', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007792', 'descriptor_name': 'Lactulose', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007792', 'descriptor_name': 'Lactulose', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001709', 'descriptor_name': 'Biotechnology', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007792', 'descriptor_name': 'Lactulose', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007792', 'descriptor_name': 'Lactulose', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000302', 'qualifier_name': 'isolation & purification', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.08.008', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S160877137', 'display_name': 'Biotechnology Advances', 'issn_l': '0734-9750', 'issn': ['0734-9750', '1873-1899'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21856402', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Zero hunger', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'score': 0.42}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 99, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1483638117', 'https://openalex.org/W148781508', 'https://openalex.org/W1538750367', 'https://openalex.org/W1548044182', 'https://openalex.org/W1554381192', 'https://openalex.org/W1564795204', 'https://openalex.org/W1567169386', 'https://openalex.org/W1856683288', 'https://openalex.org/W1889274650', 'https://openalex.org/W1916227219', 'https://openalex.org/W1940221461', 'https://openalex.org/W1964448130', 'https://openalex.org/W1964987205', 'https://openalex.org/W1967174668', 'https://openalex.org/W1968519643', 'https://openalex.org/W1969340370', 'https://openalex.org/W1981521534', 'https://openalex.org/W1982512043', 'https://openalex.org/W1984920147', 'https://openalex.org/W1987669454', 'https://openalex.org/W1988013424', 'https://openalex.org/W1989831191', 'https://openalex.org/W1991433733', 'https://openalex.org/W1995504800', 'https://openalex.org/W1996880232', 'https://openalex.org/W2000771245', 'https://openalex.org/W2002833747', 'https://openalex.org/W2003596024', 'https://openalex.org/W2005517951', 'https://openalex.org/W2011166024', 'https://openalex.org/W2014893374', 'https://openalex.org/W2016603560', 'https://openalex.org/W2017384171', 'https://openalex.org/W2018770800', 'https://openalex.org/W2020948347', 'https://openalex.org/W2021448218', 'https://openalex.org/W2029421879', 'https://openalex.org/W2036781658', 'https://openalex.org/W2037627723', 'https://openalex.org/W2046053568', 'https://openalex.org/W2046577279', 'https://openalex.org/W2048389620', 'https://openalex.org/W2049304991', 'https://openalex.org/W2049451429', 'https://openalex.org/W2050482743', 'https://openalex.org/W2054493649', 'https://openalex.org/W2055699992', 'https://openalex.org/W2057391586', 'https://openalex.org/W2062402440', 'https://openalex.org/W2064131821', 'https://openalex.org/W2069982565', 'https://openalex.org/W2071260840', 'https://openalex.org/W2073654843', 'https://openalex.org/W2074565109', 'https://openalex.org/W2076531288', 'https://openalex.org/W2078421330', 'https://openalex.org/W2081293593', 'https://openalex.org/W2082945895', 'https://openalex.org/W2084501307', 'https://openalex.org/W2088549384', 'https://openalex.org/W2089501498', 'https://openalex.org/W2092015043', 'https://openalex.org/W2095181773', 'https://openalex.org/W2096097455', 'https://openalex.org/W2101549532', 'https://openalex.org/W2107253188', 'https://openalex.org/W2110139403', 'https://openalex.org/W2112375639', 'https://openalex.org/W2113998618', 'https://openalex.org/W2117891561', 'https://openalex.org/W2118548490', 'https://openalex.org/W2121229494', 'https://openalex.org/W2128514654', 'https://openalex.org/W2131557798', 'https://openalex.org/W2132969411', 'https://openalex.org/W2135266617', 'https://openalex.org/W2140883826', 'https://openalex.org/W2140949973', 'https://openalex.org/W2152836186', 'https://openalex.org/W2156461422', 'https://openalex.org/W2157558680', 'https://openalex.org/W2157762465', 'https://openalex.org/W2158529105', 'https://openalex.org/W2161375742', 'https://openalex.org/W2162382855', 'https://openalex.org/W2162961908', 'https://openalex.org/W2166295110', 'https://openalex.org/W2166905282', 'https://openalex.org/W2248024389', 'https://openalex.org/W2335131277', 'https://openalex.org/W2399136355', 'https://openalex.org/W2406433105', 'https://openalex.org/W2417423148', 'https://openalex.org/W2420556972', 'https://openalex.org/W2757105659', 'https://openalex.org/W2779447132', 'https://openalex.org/W2988510618', 'https://openalex.org/W4298177072', 'https://openalex.org/W983229543'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4295232577', 'https://openalex.org/W2947770451', 'https://openalex.org/W2498484050', 'https://openalex.org/W2360634013', 'https://openalex.org/W2260455495', 'https://openalex.org/W2149152250', 'https://openalex.org/W204615742', 'https://openalex.org/W1964448130', 'https://openalex.org/W1693163081', 'https://openalex.org/W1526913439'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Lactulose': [0], 'a': [1, 21], '“bifidus': [2], 'factor”': [3], 'is': [4, 20], 'composed': [5], 'of': [6, 17, 28, 47, 61, 88, 96], 'galactose': [7], 'and': [8, 38, 40, 67, 72, 91, 98, 104], 'fructose,': [9], 'which': [10, 24], 'can': [11, 54], 'be': [12, 56], 'produced': [13], 'by': [14], 'the': [15, 26, 32, 42, 59, 81, 86], 'isomerization': [16], 'lactose.': [18], 'It': [19, 53], 'prebiotic': [22], 'carbohydrate': [23], 'stimulates': [25], 'growth': [27, 46], 'health-promoting': [29], 'bacteria': [30, 49], 'in': [31, 102], 'gastrointestinal': [33], 'tract,': [34], 'such': [35, 50], 'as': [36, 51], 'bifidobacteria': [37], 'lactobacilli': [39], 'at': [41], 'same': [43], 'time': [44], 'inhibits': [45], 'pathogenic': [48], 'Salmonella.': [52], 'also': [55, 108], 'used': [57, 84], 'for': [58, 85], 'treatment': [60], 'constipation,': [62], 'hepatic': [63], 'encephalopathy,': [64], 'tumour': [65], 'prevention,': [66], 'to': [68], 'maintain': [69], 'blood': [70], 'glucose': [71], 'insulin': [73], 'level.': [74], 'This': [75], 'review': [76], 'provides': [77], 'comprehensive': [78], 'information': [79], 'on': [80], 'different': [82], 'techniques': [83], 'production': [87], 'lactulose,': [89], 'purification': [90], 'analysis.': [92], 'Besides': [93], 'this': [94], 'mechanism': [95], 'action': [97], 'its': [99], 'potential': [100], 'applications': [101], 'food': [103], 'pharmaceutical': [105], 'industries': [106], 'have': [107], 'been': [109], 'discussed.': [110]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1981113604', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-10T22:20:44.839055', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}