Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1980612725', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00137074', 'title': 'Financing higher education in Pakistan', 'display_name': 'Financing higher education in Pakistan', 'publication_year': 1991, 'publication_date': '1991-03-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1980612725', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00137074', 'mag': '1980612725'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00137074', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S94908168', 'display_name': 'Higher Education', 'issn_l': '0018-1560', 'issn': ['0018-1560', '1573-174X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112479160', 'display_name': 'Shahrukh Rafi Khan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I126820664', 'display_name': 'Vassar College', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/022x6qg61', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I126820664']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Shahrukh R. Khan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Economics, Vassar College, Poughkeepsy, NY, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Economics, Vassar College, Poughkeepsy, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126820664']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5112479160'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I126820664'], 'apc_list': {'value': 2390, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 2990, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.912, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 11, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.922458, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 79, 'max': 80}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '207', 'last_page': '222'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10546', 'display_name': 'Higher Education Governance and Development', 'score': 0.9292, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10546', 'display_name': 'Higher Education Governance and Development', 'score': 0.9292, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13789', 'display_name': 'Global Education Systems and Policies', 'score': 0.9033, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3304', 'display_name': 'Education'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure', 'display_name': 'Public Expenditure', 'score': 0.45918697}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84265765', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193219', 'display_name': 'Subsidy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.90540737}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120912362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822', 'display_name': 'Higher education', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7326643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5716314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777764128', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189539', 'display_name': 'Loan', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52824277}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100001284', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246', 'display_name': 'Public economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5255346}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178283979', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274490', 'display_name': 'Public finance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48680398}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777234743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257739', 'display_name': 'Public expenditure', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45918697}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40082952}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34798512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34135047}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145236788', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161', 'display_name': 'Labour economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.340585}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08049005}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34447519', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522', 'display_name': 'Market economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00137074', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S94908168', 'display_name': 'Higher Education', 'issn_l': '0018-1560', 'issn': ['0018-1560', '1573-174X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Decent work and economic growth', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8', 'score': 0.57}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 14, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1525650076', 'https://openalex.org/W1527502148', 'https://openalex.org/W1540967271', 'https://openalex.org/W1868158141', 'https://openalex.org/W1984463539', 'https://openalex.org/W2064053134', 'https://openalex.org/W2076303920', 'https://openalex.org/W2100280876', 'https://openalex.org/W2132324489', 'https://openalex.org/W2155167252', 'https://openalex.org/W2325714750', 'https://openalex.org/W240187351', 'https://openalex.org/W2617027976', 'https://openalex.org/W620789089'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4309036932', 'https://openalex.org/W3083505014', 'https://openalex.org/W2965628777', 'https://openalex.org/W2918320789', 'https://openalex.org/W2613905938', 'https://openalex.org/W2388987626', 'https://openalex.org/W2384152552', 'https://openalex.org/W2276539358', 'https://openalex.org/W2099588657', 'https://openalex.org/W2084298274'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1980612725', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T05:11:26.434763', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}