Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1978830555', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.130.402', 'title': 'Non-Abelian Gauge Fields. Lorentz Gauge Formulation', 'display_name': 'Non-Abelian Gauge Fields. Lorentz Gauge Formulation', 'publication_year': 1963, 'publication_date': '1963-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1978830555', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.130.402', 'mag': '1978830555'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.130.402', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S54862371', 'display_name': 'Physical Review', 'issn_l': '0031-899X', 'issn': ['0031-899X', '1536-6065'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088438810', 'display_name': 'Julian Schwinger', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002', 'display_name': 'Harvard University Press', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006v7bf86', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I136199984', 'https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Julian Schwinger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5088438810'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801851002'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.576, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 110, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.966155, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '130', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '402', 'last_page': '405'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11960', 'display_name': 'Relativity and Gravitational Theory', 'score': 0.9906, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11960', 'display_name': 'Relativity and Gravitational Theory', 'score': 0.9906, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3103', 'display_name': 'Astronomy and Astrophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13885', 'display_name': 'Geophysics and Sensor Technology', 'score': 0.9803, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2212', 'display_name': 'Ocean Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12037', 'display_name': 'Algebraic and Geometric Analysis', 'score': 0.9747, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2604', 'display_name': 'Applied Mathematics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gauge-theory', 'display_name': 'Quantum gauge theory', 'score': 0.73795396}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lorenz-gauge-condition', 'display_name': 'Lorenz gauge condition', 'score': 0.6359302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/brst-quantization', 'display_name': 'BRST quantization', 'score': 0.5101083}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lattice-gauge-theory', 'display_name': 'Lattice gauge theory', 'score': 0.45971182}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65266758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3984151', 'display_name': 'Supersymmetric gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.79354846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200161520', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527630', 'display_name': 'Gauge anomaly', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.77430415}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65211518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16743426', 'display_name': 'Introduction to gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.750607}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119766781', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Quantum gauge theory', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.73795396}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.72201335}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27428435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5645297', 'display_name': 'Hamiltonian lattice gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.693201}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31593994', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832289', 'display_name': 'Gauge fixing', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6541302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196258919', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1203816', 'display_name': 'Lorenz gauge condition', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6359302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40976572', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330873', 'display_name': 'Gauge (firearms)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5461144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C181830111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214850', 'display_name': 'Gauge theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.54565525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40263606', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105580', 'display_name': 'Gauge boson', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5325965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81174988', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6786849', 'display_name': 'Mathematical descriptions of the electromagnetic field', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.52386993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39366733', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2752849', 'display_name': 'BRST quantization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5101083}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C5667645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217255', 'display_name': 'Lorentz transformation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47213703}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136170076', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181296', 'display_name': 'Abelian group', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4621568}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138817895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386769', 'display_name': 'Lattice gauge theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.45971182}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3079626', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234881', 'display_name': 'Quantum electrodynamics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4545658}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37914503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39428157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37827808}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22612211}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1691032}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.06502491}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.130.402', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S54862371', 'display_name': 'Physical Review', 'issn_l': '0031-899X', 'issn': ['0031-899X', '1536-6065'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320257', 'host_organization_name': 'American Institute of Physics', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320257'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Institute of Physics'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 4, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1976679013', 'https://openalex.org/W2047393516', 'https://openalex.org/W2146598438', 'https://openalex.org/W2232347689'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2562433728', 'https://openalex.org/W2128119219', 'https://openalex.org/W2078306275', 'https://openalex.org/W2026222376', 'https://openalex.org/W2004995450', 'https://openalex.org/W1999902952', 'https://openalex.org/W1990887013', 'https://openalex.org/W1980819005', 'https://openalex.org/W1978830555', 'https://openalex.org/W1572799118'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Non-Abelian': [0], 'vector': [1], 'gauge': [2, 9, 26], 'theory': [3], 'is': [4, 29], 'given': [5], 'a': [6, 30], 'first-order': [7], 'Lorentz': [8], 'formulation': [10], 'and': [11], 'then': [12], 'transformed': [13], 'into': [14], 'the': [15, 22, 34], 'radiation': [16, 25], 'gauge.': [17, 36], 'The': [18], 'result': [19], 'agrees': [20], 'with': [21], 'independently': [23], 'constructed': [24], 'theory.': [27], 'There': [28], 'brief': [31], 'discussion': [32], 'of': [33], 'axial': [35]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1978830555', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T14:36:46.357368', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}