Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1976774193', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.07.020', 'title': 'Comparison of particle swarm optimization and dynamic programming for large scale hydro unit load dispatch', 'display_name': 'Comparison of particle swarm optimization and dynamic programming for large scale hydro unit load dispatch', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-08-26', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1976774193', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.07.020', 'mag': '1976774193'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.07.020', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S105637730', 'display_name': 'Energy Conversion and Management', 'issn_l': '0196-8904', 'issn': ['0196-8904', '1879-2227'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049303518', 'display_name': 'Chuntian Cheng', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4693-6264'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chun-tian Cheng', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, People’s Republic of China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, People’s Republic of China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015507984', 'display_name': 'Shengli Liao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4671-532X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Sheng-li Liao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, People’s Republic of China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, People’s Republic of China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003780263', 'display_name': 'Zi-Tian Tang', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I27357992', 'display_name': 'Dalian University of Technology', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/023hj5876', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Zi-Tian Tang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, People’s Republic of China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, 116024 Dalian, People’s Republic of China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I27357992']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052304915', 'display_name': 'Mingyan Zhao', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4063-8351'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I99065089', 'display_name': 'Tsinghua University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03cve4549', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I99065089']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ming-yan Zhao', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, People’s Republic of China'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, 100084 Beijing, People’s Republic of China', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I99065089']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4160, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4160, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.367, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 101, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.960995, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '50', 'issue': '12', 'first_page': '3007', 'last_page': '3014'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10424', 'display_name': 'Electric Power System Optimization', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10424', 'display_name': 'Electric Power System Optimization', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10603', 'display_name': 'Smart Grid Energy Management', 'score': 0.9935, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10454', 'display_name': 'Optimal Power Flow Distribution', 'score': 0.9915, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-simulation', 'display_name': 'Power system simulation', 'score': 0.44416848}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C85617194', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794', 'display_name': 'Particle swarm optimization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.74642575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40675005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170196', 'display_name': 'Hydropower', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7271959}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206729178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896', 'display_name': 'Scheduling (production processes)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5379475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111030470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460', 'display_name': 'Curse of dimensionality', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47589552}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.47430253}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C37404715', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380679', 'display_name': 'Dynamic programming', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47019944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126255220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical optimization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46164837}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116219307', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7236625', 'display_name': 'Power system simulation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.44416848}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778755073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537', 'display_name': 'Scale (ratio)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41014266}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C163258240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342', 'display_name': 'Power (physics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.32059443}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.2946536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89227174', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981', 'display_name': 'Electric power system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.22499576}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12898663}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.088214666}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2009.07.020', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S105637730', 'display_name': 'Energy Conversion and Management', 'issn_l': '0196-8904', 'issn': ['0196-8904', '1879-2227'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.72, 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1966013010', 'https://openalex.org/W1973140758', 'https://openalex.org/W1985670678', 'https://openalex.org/W1988159807', 'https://openalex.org/W1994139527', 'https://openalex.org/W2000779904', 'https://openalex.org/W2018519044', 'https://openalex.org/W2020801034', 'https://openalex.org/W2037720639', 'https://openalex.org/W2044458048', 'https://openalex.org/W2048042842', 'https://openalex.org/W2048864521', 'https://openalex.org/W2066978939', 'https://openalex.org/W2069731533', 'https://openalex.org/W2083212264', 'https://openalex.org/W2091531711', 'https://openalex.org/W2097115050', 'https://openalex.org/W2102380228', 'https://openalex.org/W2114230042', 'https://openalex.org/W2119039431', 'https://openalex.org/W2122367462', 'https://openalex.org/W2143155680', 'https://openalex.org/W2152633953', 'https://openalex.org/W2155100848', 'https://openalex.org/W2324810873', 'https://openalex.org/W2543580944', 'https://openalex.org/W3146027692', 'https://openalex.org/W4235818292', 'https://openalex.org/W4297900749'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4388718520', 'https://openalex.org/W4379984126', 'https://openalex.org/W4296209631', 'https://openalex.org/W4285269640', 'https://openalex.org/W2616259412', 'https://openalex.org/W2604696140', 'https://openalex.org/W2538191543', 'https://openalex.org/W2370970070', 'https://openalex.org/W2164519911', 'https://openalex.org/W2084010461'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1976774193', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 5}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-05T04:00:39.252141', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}