Abstract: We compute transverse momentum and momentum integrated multiplicity distributions consistently in the IP-Glasma model for proton-proton and proton-lead collisions at the LHC, in deuteron-gold collisions at RHIC, and in heavy ion collisions at both RHIC and LHC energies. Several sources of sub-nucleon scale contributions to the multiplicity distributions are identified. Our results, which are constrained by inclusive and diffractive deeply inelastic scattering data from HERA, are compared to measured distributions for a range of collision energies. These results are an essential first step in quantifying the relative role of initial and final state effects on multiparticle correlations in light and heavy ion collisions.