Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1975436708', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01294.x', 'title': 'A Probabilistic Framework for the Reference Dose (Probabilistic RfD)', 'display_name': 'A Probabilistic Framework for the Reference Dose (Probabilistic RfD)', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1975436708', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01294.x', 'mag': '1975436708', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9664723'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01294.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S161248890', 'display_name': 'Risk Analysis', 'issn_l': '0272-4332', 'issn': ['0272-4332', '1539-6924'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071746898', 'display_name': 'Jeffrey C. Swartout', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210108595', 'display_name': 'National Center for Environmental Assessment (EPA)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01x64pv72', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210108595']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1302368450', 'display_name': 'Environmental Protection Agency', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03tns0030', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeffrey C. Swartout', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['National Center for Environmental Assessment, US. EPA, 26 W. M.L. King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'National Center for Environmental Assessment, US. EPA, 26 W. M.L. King Drive, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210108595', 'https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018405617', 'display_name': 'Paul S. Price', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5834-1025'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul S. Price', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['McLaren/Hart‐ChemRisk, 1685 Congress Street, Portland, Maine 04102.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'McLaren/Hart‐ChemRisk, 1685 Congress Street, Portland, Maine 04102.', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010402204', 'display_name': 'Michael L. Dourson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-9089'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210087188', 'display_name': 'Impact Assessment', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/004m2d892', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087188']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael L. Dourson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, 4303 Kirby Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45223.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Toxicology Excellence for Risk Assessment, 4303 Kirby Ave., Cincinnati, Ohio 45223.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087188']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071934482', 'display_name': 'Heather Carlson‐Lynch', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Heather L. Carlson‐Lynch', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['McLaren/Hart‐ChemRisk, 1685 Congress Street, Portland, Maine 04102.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'McLaren/Hart‐ChemRisk, 1685 Congress Street, Portland, Maine 04102.', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058017594', 'display_name': 'Russell E. Keenan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Russell E. Keenan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['McLaren/Hart‐ChemRisk, 1685 Congress Street, Portland, Maine 04102.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'McLaren/Hart‐ChemRisk, 1685 Congress Street, Portland, Maine 04102.', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4430, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4430, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.213, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 109, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.965405, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '18', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '271', 'last_page': '282'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10190', 'display_name': 'Air Quality and Health Impacts', 'score': 0.9952, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10190', 'display_name': 'Air Quality and Health Impacts', 'score': 0.9952, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10122', 'display_name': 'Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact', 'score': 0.9889, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10686', 'display_name': 'Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals', 'score': 0.9692, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/representation', 'display_name': 'Representation', 'score': 0.42961073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sensitivity-analysis', 'display_name': 'Sensitivity Analysis', 'score': 0.42848304}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49937458', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292', 'display_name': 'Probabilistic logic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8243151}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C19499675', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207', 'display_name': 'Monte Carlo method', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53618884}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177803969', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29205', 'display_name': 'Uncertainty analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5221641}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77553402', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579', 'display_name': 'Upper and lower bounds', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47724867}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45066842}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776359362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286', 'display_name': 'Representation (politics)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42961073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C176147448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1889114', 'display_name': 'Sensitivity analysis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42848304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99844830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924', 'display_name': 'Scaling', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41368163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37227342}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.35229492}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126255220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495', 'display_name': 'Mathematical optimization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3406775}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D019055', 'descriptor_name': 'No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016208', 'descriptor_name': 'Databases, Factual', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015233', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Statistical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009010', 'descriptor_name': 'Monte Carlo Method', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018570', 'descriptor_name': 'Risk Assessment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013045', 'descriptor_name': 'Species Specificity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014484', 'descriptor_name': 'United States Environmental Protection Agency', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1998.tb01294.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S161248890', 'display_name': 'Risk Analysis', 'issn_l': '0272-4332', 'issn': ['0272-4332', '1539-6924'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9664723', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 47, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1515257992', 'https://openalex.org/W1574297438', 'https://openalex.org/W1606458208', 'https://openalex.org/W1964018195', 'https://openalex.org/W1967866094', 'https://openalex.org/W1968345710', 'https://openalex.org/W1968524303', 'https://openalex.org/W1982303715', 'https://openalex.org/W1987853593', 'https://openalex.org/W1990538612', 'https://openalex.org/W1992251080', 'https://openalex.org/W1992630995', 'https://openalex.org/W1996309978', 'https://openalex.org/W2019357874', 'https://openalex.org/W2049875817', 'https://openalex.org/W2054410672', 'https://openalex.org/W2062478757', 'https://openalex.org/W2063008477', 'https://openalex.org/W2067252236', 'https://openalex.org/W2078132066', 'https://openalex.org/W2089273815', 'https://openalex.org/W2092558216', 'https://openalex.org/W2092845703', 'https://openalex.org/W2124911239', 'https://openalex.org/W2132873473', 'https://openalex.org/W2135050213', 'https://openalex.org/W2136244265', 'https://openalex.org/W2138306471', 'https://openalex.org/W2142455860', 'https://openalex.org/W2155290692', 'https://openalex.org/W2156687324', 'https://openalex.org/W2160925347', 'https://openalex.org/W2334869595', 'https://openalex.org/W2415329146', 'https://openalex.org/W245923994', 'https://openalex.org/W2798128150', 'https://openalex.org/W2802198869', 'https://openalex.org/W3009162835', 'https://openalex.org/W4206038828', 'https://openalex.org/W4233358567', 'https://openalex.org/W4246039580', 'https://openalex.org/W4249316630', 'https://openalex.org/W4255235899', 'https://openalex.org/W4293859741', 'https://openalex.org/W4299668915', 'https://openalex.org/W4300718923', 'https://openalex.org/W645953419'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4294531405', 'https://openalex.org/W4249135812', 'https://openalex.org/W3195312226', 'https://openalex.org/W2890908565', 'https://openalex.org/W2588058953', 'https://openalex.org/W2392097550', 'https://openalex.org/W2360731453', 'https://openalex.org/W2233640132', 'https://openalex.org/W1996354237', 'https://openalex.org/W1489922926'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Determining': [0], 'the': [1, 5, 10, 13, 22, 26, 46, 91, 98, 141, 160, 171], 'probabilistic': [2, 77, 86, 166], 'limits': [3], 'for': [4, 49, 58, 144], 'uncertainty': [6, 37, 61, 68, 87, 109, 134, 162, 183], 'factors': [7, 38, 62, 69, 88, 152], 'used': [8], 'in': [9, 170], 'derivation': [11], 'of': [12, 24, 28, 51, 60, 95, 132, 146, 153, 173, 182], 'Reference': [14], 'Dose': [15], '(RfD)': [16], 'is': [17, 168], 'an': [18], 'important': [19], 'step': [20], 'toward': [21], 'goal': [23], 'characterizing': [25], 'risk': [27], 'noncarcinogenic': [29], 'effects': [30], 'from': [31, 111], 'exposure': [32], 'to': [33, 85, 106, 155, 159], 'environmental': [34], 'pollutants.': [35], 'If': [36], 'are': [39], 'seen,': [40], 'individually,': [41], 'as': [42, 70, 128], '"upper': [43], 'bounds"': [44], 'on': [45, 90, 114, 177], 'dose-scaling': [47], 'factor': [48, 110, 163], 'sources': [50], 'uncertainty,': [52], 'then': [53], 'determining': [54], 'comparable': [55], 'upper': [56, 142], 'bounds': [57, 143], 'combinations': [59, 145], 'can': [63, 73, 149], 'be': [64, 74], 'accomplished': [65], 'by': [66, 76, 97, 151], 'treating': [67], 'distributions,': [71], 'which': [72], 'combined': [75], 'techniques.': [78], 'This': [79], 'paper': [80], 'presents': [81], 'a': [82, 123, 129], 'conceptual': [83], 'approach': [84, 102, 167], 'based': [89, 113, 176], 'definition': [92], 'and': [93], 'use': [94], 'RfDs': [96, 178], 'U.S.': [99], 'EPA.': [100], 'The': [101, 165], 'does': [103], 'not': [104], 'attempt': [105], 'distinguish': [107], 'one': [108], 'another': [112], 'empirical': [115], 'data': [116], 'or': [117], 'biological': [118], 'mechanisms': [119], 'but': [120], 'rather': [121], 'uses': [122], 'simple': [124], 'displaced': [125], 'lognormal': [126], 'distribution': [127, 148], 'generic': [130], 'representation': [131], 'all': [133], 'factors.': [135, 184], 'Monte': [136], 'Carlo': [137], 'analyses': [138], 'show': [139], 'that': [140], 'this': [147], 'vary': [150], 'two': [154], 'four': [156], 'when': [157], 'compared': [158], 'fixed-value': [161], 'approach.': [164], 'demonstrated': [169], 'comparison': [172], 'Hazard': [174], 'Quotients': [175], 'with': [179], 'differing': [180], 'number': [181]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1975436708', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-10T08:48:54.092115', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}