Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1974457560', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.2702.106', 'title': 'Evaluation and Stuttering, Part I: Speech Characteristics of Young Children', 'display_name': 'Evaluation and Stuttering, Part I: Speech Characteristics of Young Children', 'publication_year': 1962, 'publication_date': '1962-05-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1974457560', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.2702.106', 'mag': '1974457560', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14007487'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.2702.106', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2755213894', 'display_name': 'Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders', 'issn_l': '0022-4677', 'issn': ['0022-4677', '2163-6184'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320281', 'host_organization_name': 'American Speech–Language–Hearing Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320281'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Speech–Language–Hearing Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014599812', 'display_name': 'Marcel E. Wingate', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'M. E. Wingate', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5014599812'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.724, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 32, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.945272, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '27', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '106', 'last_page': '115'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12684', 'display_name': 'Stuttering and its Impact on Individuals', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12684', 'display_name': 'Stuttering and its Impact on Individuals', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10730', 'display_name': 'Language Development and Acquisition in Children', 'score': 0.9943, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10403', 'display_name': 'Speech Perception and Phonetics', 'score': 0.9928, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3205', 'display_name': 'Experimental and Cognitive Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/stuttering', 'display_name': 'Stuttering', 'score': 0.9108134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-perception', 'display_name': 'Speech Perception', 'score': 0.580751}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/language-development', 'display_name': 'Language Development', 'score': 0.570277}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/early-vocabulary-development', 'display_name': 'Early Vocabulary Development', 'score': 0.561999}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/specific-language-impairment', 'display_name': 'Specific Language Impairment', 'score': 0.559833}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/child-directed-speech', 'display_name': 'Child-Directed Speech', 'score': 0.546141}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781371259', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186676', 'display_name': 'Stuttering', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9108134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777413886', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3276013', 'display_name': 'Fluency', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6597829}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5756064}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C548259974', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569965', 'display_name': 'Audiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.54921424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C43617652', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575399', 'display_name': 'Speech production', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4791593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36783475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19463405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.14849293}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.061481267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145420912', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077', 'display_name': 'Mathematics education', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D013060', 'descriptor_name': 'Speech', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013064', 'descriptor_name': 'Speech Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013342', 'descriptor_name': 'Stuttering', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013064', 'descriptor_name': 'Speech Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.2702.106', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2755213894', 'display_name': 'Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders', 'issn_l': '0022-4677', 'issn': ['0022-4677', '2163-6184'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320281', 'host_organization_name': 'American Speech–Language–Hearing Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320281'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Speech–Language–Hearing Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14007487', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W653943263', 'https://openalex.org/W2517344398', 'https://openalex.org/W2348937403', 'https://openalex.org/W2242436416', 'https://openalex.org/W2088087094', 'https://openalex.org/W2084160908', 'https://openalex.org/W2042089595', 'https://openalex.org/W2037676490', 'https://openalex.org/W2022288375', 'https://openalex.org/W1184942701'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'No': [0], 'AccessJournal': [1], 'of': [2, 16, 46, 52, 87, 108, 115, 122, 132, 147, 155, 165, 174, 184, 190, 199, 208, 214, 230, 260, 274, 283, 294, 302, 315, 330, 336, 339, 348, 360, 381, 387, 399, 410, 424, 430, 440, 456], 'Speech': [3, 14, 69, 141, 400, 418, 464], 'and': [4, 10, 63, 79, 83, 90, 104, 129, 135, 142, 152, 158, 170, 177, 195, 220, 234, 237, 256, 266, 269, 277, 287, 298, 309, 324, 332, 345, 355, 370, 376, 390, 401, 412, 433, 444, 451], 'Hearing': [5, 91, 136, 159, 178, 402], 'DisordersResearch': [6], 'Article1': [7], 'May': [8, 483], '1962Evaluation': [9], 'Stuttering,': [11], 'Part': [12], 'I:': [13], 'Characteristics': [15], 'Young': [17, 441], 'Children': [18], 'M.': [19, 22, 414], 'E.': [20, 23, 271], 'Wingate': [21, 24, 272], 'Google': [25], 'Scholar': [26], 'More': [27], 'articles': [28], 'by': [29], 'this': [30], 'author': [31], 'https://doi.org/10.1044/jshd.2702.106': [32], 'SectionsAboutPDF': [33], 'ToolsAdd': [34], 'to': [35, 393, 475], 'favoritesDownload': [36], 'CitationTrack': [37], 'Citations': [38], 'ShareFacebookTwitterLinked': [39], 'In': [40], 'Additional': [41], 'Resources': [42], 'FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited': [43], 'By': [44], 'Journal': [45, 86, 107, 198, 259, 273, 301, 338, 359, 380, 398, 429], 'Fluency': [47, 261, 303], 'Disorders25:2': [48], '(99-117)1': [49], 'Jun': [50, 306], '2000Classification': [51], 'childhood': [53], 'disfluencies': [54], 'using': [55], 'neural': [56], 'networksY.V': [57], 'Geetha,': [58], 'Karanth': [59], 'Pratibha,': [60], 'Rao': [61], 'Ashok': [62], 'Shetty': [64], 'K': [65], 'Ravindra': [66], 'Advances': [67], 'in': [68, 118, 291, 311, 350, 368, 453, 481], 'Language': [70], 'Pathology1:2': [71], '(123-125)1': [72], 'Jan': [73, 247], '1999Commentary': [74], 'on': [75, 407], 'the': [76, 119, 148, 187, 212, 292, 312], 'Lidcombe': [77], 'Programme': [78], 'Natural': [80], 'RecoveryGlyndon': [81], 'Riley': [82, 85], 'Jeanna': [84], 'Speech,': [88, 133, 156, 175], 'Language,': [89, 134, 157, 176], 'Research42:4': [92], '(895-909)1': [93], 'Aug': [94, 112, 437], '1999Normative': [95], 'Disfluency': [96], 'Data': [97], 'for': [98], 'Early': [99, 123, 188], 'Childhood': [100, 124, 191], 'StutteringNicoline': [101, 126], 'Grinager': [102, 127], 'Ambrose': [103, 128], 'Ehud': [105, 130, 196], 'YairiAmerican': [106], 'Speech-Language': [109], 'Pathology4:3': [110], '(82-88)1': [111], '1995The': [113], 'Role': [114], 'Repetition': [116], 'Units': [117], 'Differential': [120], 'Diagnosis': [121], 'Incipient': [125], 'YairiJournal': [131], 'Research38:5': [137], '(978-989)1': [138], 'Oct': [139, 181], '1995Parents’': [140], 'Children’s': [143], 'Stuttering:': [144], 'A': [145, 216, 372], 'Critique': [146], 'LiteratureMarilyn': [149], 'A.': [150, 353, 357, 396, 427], 'Nippold': [151], 'Mishelle': [153], 'RudzinskiJournal': [154], 'Research37:2': [160], '(279-294)1': [161], 'Apr': [162, 264], '1994The': [163], 'Reliability': [164], 'Observational': [166], 'DataAnne': [167], 'K.': [168], 'Cordes': [169], 'Roger': [171], 'J.': [172, 254], 'InghamJournal': [173], 'Research37:5': [179], '(1067-1075)1': [180], '1994Temporal': [182], 'Dynamics': [183], 'Repetitions': [185], 'During': [186], 'Stage': [189], 'StutteringRebecca': [192], 'Niermann': [193], 'Throneburg': [194], 'Yairi': [197, 219], 'Communication': [200, 340, 361, 382], 'Disorders26:4': [201], '(231-244)1': [202], 'Dec': [203, 227, 281, 343], '1993Temporal': [204], 'relations': [205], 'within': [206], 'repetitions': [207, 310, 349], 'preschool': [209], 'children': [210], 'near': [211], 'onset': [213], 'stuttering:': [215], 'preliminary': [217, 373], 'reportEhud': [218], 'Kelly': [221], 'Dailey': [222], 'Hall': [223], 'Behavior': [224, 275], 'Therapy23:1': [225], '(113-129)1': [226], '1993Behavioral': [228], 'treatment': [229, 293], 'child': [231, 295], 'stutterers:': [232], 'Replication': [233], 'extensionMireille': [235], 'Gagnon': [236], 'Robert': [238], 'Ladouceur': [239, 297], 'Revista': [240], 'de': [241], 'Logopedia,': [242], 'Foniatría': [243], 'y': [244], 'Audiología8:4': [245], '(225-235)1': [246], '1988Variables': [248], 'fisiológicas': [249], 'en': [250], 'niños': [251], 'tartamudosA.': [252], 'Fernández-Zúñiga,': [253], 'Santacreu': [255], 'L.': [257, 446], 'Llavona': [258], 'Disorders12:2': [262], '(79-101)1': [263], '1987Fluency': [265], 'disfluency;': [267], 'Illusion': [268], 'identificationMarcel': [270], 'Therapy': [276], 'Experimental': [278], 'Psychiatry13:4': [279], '(301-306)1': [280], '1982Evaluation': [282], 'regulated-breathing': [284], 'method': [285], 'with': [286], 'without': [288], 'parental': [289], 'assistance': [290], 'stutterersRobert': [296], 'Guylaine': [299], 'Martineau': [300], 'Disorders5:2': [304], '(137-148)1': [305], '1980Word': [307], 'fragmentations': [308], 'spontaneous': [313], 'speech': [314], '2–6-yr-old': [316], 'childrenBertil': [317], 'Bjerkan': [318], 'R.': [319], 'W.': [320], 'Rieber,': [321], 'Neil': [322], 'Smith': [323], 'Barbara': [325], 'Harris': [326], '(1976)': [327], 'Neuropsychological': [328], 'Aspects': [329], 'Stuttering': [331], 'Cluttering': [333], 'The': [334, 463], 'Neuropsychology': [335], 'Language10.1007/978-1-4684-2292-4_3': [337], 'Disorders9:4': [341], '(317-330)1': [342], '1976Perceptual': [344], 'acoustic': [346], 'analysis': [347], 'stuttered': [351], 'speechAllen': [352], 'Montgomery': [354], 'Paul': [356], 'Cooke': [358], 'Disorders7:3': [362], '(279-282)1': [363], 'Sep': [364, 405, 421], '1974Early': [365], 'syllable': [366], 'dysfluency': [367], 'stutterers': [369], 'nonstutterers:': [371], 'reportSusan': [374], 'Floyd': [375], 'William': [377], 'H.': [378], 'Perkins': [379], 'Disorders4:1': [383], '(9-14)1': [384], 'Mar': [385], '1971Relations': [386], 'word': [388, 391], 'information': [389], 'length': [392], 'stuttering': [394, 425], 'disfluenciesGeorge': [395], 'Soderberg': [397], 'Research12:3': [403], '(665-666)1': [404], '1969Speculation': [406], 'Vocal': [408], 'Adaptation': [409], 'Stutterers': [411, 443], 'NonstutterersBurchard': [413], 'Carr': [415], 'Central': [416], 'States': [417], 'Journal20:3': [419], '(170-177)1': [420], '1969Are': [422], 'theories': [423], 'necessary?Joseph': [426], 'DeVito': [428], 'Projective': [431], 'Techniques': [432], 'Personality': [434], 'Assessment33:4': [435], '(371-375)1': [436], '1969Adaptive': [438], 'Mechanisms': [439], 'Disadvantaged': [442], 'NonstutterersCharles': [445], 'Porterfield': [447], '(1968)': [448], 'REFERENCES': [449], 'Research': [450], 'Experiment': [452], 'Stuttering10.1016/B978-0-08-012539-8.50013-X': [454], 'Review': [455], 'Educational': [457], 'Research33:1': [458], '(20-37)1': [459], 'Feb': [460], '1963Chapter': [461], 'II:': [462], 'HandicappedStanley': [465], 'Ainsworth': [466], 'Volume': [467], '27Issue': [468], '2May': [469], '1962Pages:': [470], '106-115': [471], 'Get': [472], 'Permissions': [473], 'Add': [474], 'your': [476], 'Mendeley': [477], 'library': [478], 'History': [479], 'Published': [480], 'issue:': [482], '1,': [484], '1962PubMed': [485], 'ID:': [486], '14007487': [487], 'Metrics': [488], 'Topicsasha-topicsasha-article-typesCopyright': [489], '&': [490], 'PermissionsCopyright': [491], '©': [492], '1962': [493], 'American': [494], 'Speech-Language-Hearing': [495], 'AssociationPDF': [496], 'DownloadLoading': [497], '...': [498]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974457560', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-16T19:56:55.483013', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}