Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1974368920', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-006-0026-x', 'title': 'Cost-based, integrated design optimization', 'display_name': 'Cost-based, integrated design optimization', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-09-28', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1974368920', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-006-0026-x', 'mag': '1974368920'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-006-0026-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S48050435', 'display_name': 'Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization', 'issn_l': '1615-147X', 'issn': ['1615-147X', '1615-1488'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101723882', 'display_name': 'Azhar Iqbal', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1873-8845'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Azhar Iqbal', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Toronto'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Toronto', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090021508', 'display_name': 'J. S. Hansen', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185261750', 'display_name': 'University of Toronto', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03dbr7087', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jorn S. Hansen', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Toronto, Institute for Aerospace Studies'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Toronto, Institute for Aerospace Studies', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185261750']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2790, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 3590, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 3.716, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 13, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.913077, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 84, 'max': 85}, 'biblio': {'volume': '32', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '447', 'last_page': '461'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14138', 'display_name': 'Life Cycle Costing in Construction and Infrastructure Projects', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1402', 'display_name': 'Accounting'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14138', 'display_name': 'Life Cycle Costing in Construction and Infrastructure Projects', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1402', 'display_name': 'Accounting'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11006', 'display_name': 'Building Information Modeling in Construction Industry', 'score': 0.9807, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2215', 'display_name': 'Building and Construction'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10928', 'display_name': 'Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis', 'score': 0.9763, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1804', 'display_name': 'Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/18', 'display_name': 'Decision Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-automated-design', 'display_name': 'Computer-automated design', 'score': 0.6759779}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-design', 'display_name': 'Probabilistic design', 'score': 0.67227244}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-analysis', 'display_name': 'Cost Analysis', 'score': 0.577992}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-design-optimization', 'display_name': 'Probabilistic Design Optimization', 'score': 0.54555}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/infrastructure-design', 'display_name': 'Infrastructure Design', 'score': 0.504509}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/design-for-x', 'display_name': 'Design for X', 'score': 0.49185157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-optimization', 'display_name': 'Engineering optimization', 'score': 0.47821733}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/design-process', 'display_name': 'Design process', 'score': 0.4734171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/design-methods', 'display_name': 'Design methods', 'score': 0.42872876}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34972735', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920267', 'display_name': 'Engineering design process', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6796523}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205976826', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157390', 'display_name': 'Computer-automated design', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6759779}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154205457', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2148377', 'display_name': 'Probabilistic design', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.67227244}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201995342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496', 'display_name': 'Systems engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51467234}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C36710127', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3011219', 'display_name': 'Design for X', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.49185157}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120823896', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1043226', 'display_name': 'Product design', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.48932475}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48551345}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110850998', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5377895', 'display_name': 'Engineering optimization', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47821733}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98045186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663', 'display_name': 'Process (computing)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47482976}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48262172', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16908765', 'display_name': 'Design process', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4734171}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106246047', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4928435', 'display_name': 'Iterative design', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46755278}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117671659', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265', 'display_name': 'Manufacturing engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43614778}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138852830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2292993', 'display_name': 'Design methods', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42872876}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C179737136', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264382', 'display_name': 'Design technology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42667502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38677227}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13736549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4489420', 'display_name': 'Industrial engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37630904}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174998907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357662', 'display_name': 'Work in process', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3184187}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90673727', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718', 'display_name': 'Product (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.31270874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137836250', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063', 'display_name': 'Optimization problem', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.17990354}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15559325}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21547014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657', 'display_name': 'Operations management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0811367}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C11413529', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366', 'display_name': 'Algorithm', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C206729178', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896', 'display_name': 'Scheduling (production processes)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111919701', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135', 'display_name': 'Operating system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-006-0026-x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S48050435', 'display_name': 'Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization', 'issn_l': '1615-147X', 'issn': ['1615-147X', '1615-1488'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Science+Business Media', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'https://openalex.org/P4310319900'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature', 'Springer Science+Business Media'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 20, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1508607890', 'https://openalex.org/W1526044067', 'https://openalex.org/W1970276632', 'https://openalex.org/W1988420798', 'https://openalex.org/W1989571189', 'https://openalex.org/W2004011840', 'https://openalex.org/W2018769528', 'https://openalex.org/W2041381927', 'https://openalex.org/W2044333385', 'https://openalex.org/W2073287928', 'https://openalex.org/W2087836483', 'https://openalex.org/W2110057449', 'https://openalex.org/W2129335041', 'https://openalex.org/W2153245297', 'https://openalex.org/W2153877437', 'https://openalex.org/W2159110204', 'https://openalex.org/W4243760463', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W621048053', 'https://openalex.org/W649524125'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3155397575', 'https://openalex.org/W2993624081', 'https://openalex.org/W2747733754', 'https://openalex.org/W2311716825', 'https://openalex.org/W2235024541', 'https://openalex.org/W2165841634', 'https://openalex.org/W2147674046', 'https://openalex.org/W2037819549', 'https://openalex.org/W1974368920', 'https://openalex.org/W1901604389'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1974368920', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-15T03:54:12.036451', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}