Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1973966047', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05291.x', 'title': 'Epidural abscess complicating epidural anesthesia and analgesia: An analysis of the literature', 'display_name': 'Epidural abscess complicating epidural anesthesia and analgesia: An analysis of the literature', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1973966047', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05291.x', 'mag': '1973966047', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9689264'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05291.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S177321322', 'display_name': 'Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica', 'issn_l': '0001-5172', 'issn': ['0001-5172', '1399-6576'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076482587', 'display_name': 'Christoph Kindler', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0464-3460'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1850255', 'display_name': 'University of Basel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02s6k3f65', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1850255']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. H. Kindler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Anesthesia, Kantonsspital, University of Basel, Switzerland.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Anesthesia, Kantonsspital, University of Basel, Switzerland.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1850255']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056225656', 'display_name': 'Manfred D. Seeberger', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2358-7233'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1850255', 'display_name': 'University of Basel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02s6k3f65', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1850255']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091012', 'display_name': 'Kantonsspital Baselland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b747122', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091012']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. D. Seeberger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Anesthesia, Kantonsspital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Anesthesia, Kantonsspital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1850255', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091012']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019530780', 'display_name': 'Sven Staender', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1850255', 'display_name': 'University of Basel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02s6k3f65', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1850255']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210091012', 'display_name': 'Kantonsspital Baselland', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00b747122', 'country_code': 'CH', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210091012']}], 'countries': ['CH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. E. Staender', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Anesthesia, Kantonsspital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Anesthesia, Kantonsspital, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1850255', 'https://openalex.org/I4210091012']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4020, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4020, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.901, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 190, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.907287, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '42', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '614', 'last_page': '620'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11381', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11381', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases and Tuberculosis', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10189', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia and Pain Management', 'score': 0.9993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13323', 'display_name': 'Spinal Hematomas and Complications', 'score': 0.9977, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2746', 'display_name': 'Surgery'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-abscess', 'display_name': 'Epidural abscess', 'score': 0.91643715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/leukocytosis', 'display_name': 'Leukocytosis', 'score': 0.5656786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/epidural-space', 'display_name': 'Epidural space', 'score': 0.47148964}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.9853555}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776733727', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18353735', 'display_name': 'Epidural abscess', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.91643715}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81182388', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353963', 'display_name': 'Complication', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7410788}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C141071460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821', 'display_name': 'Surgery', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.65909255}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777035434', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164655', 'display_name': 'Abscess', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.62909704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.62869906}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778923028', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974869', 'display_name': 'Leukocytosis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5656786}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61511704', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857', 'display_name': 'Incidence (geometry)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52505517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781267111', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q652297', 'display_name': 'Catheter', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4865955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777657843', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966104', 'display_name': 'Epidural space', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47148964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000038', 'descriptor_name': 'Abscess', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015360', 'descriptor_name': 'Analgesia, Epidural', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000767', 'descriptor_name': 'Anesthesia, Epidural', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000009', 'qualifier_name': 'adverse effects', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013118', 'descriptor_name': 'Spinal Cord Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000038', 'descriptor_name': 'Abscess', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000038', 'descriptor_name': 'Abscess', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000038', 'descriptor_name': 'Abscess', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015360', 'descriptor_name': 'Analgesia, Epidural', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000767', 'descriptor_name': 'Anesthesia, Epidural', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012307', 'descriptor_name': 'Risk Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013118', 'descriptor_name': 'Spinal Cord Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013118', 'descriptor_name': 'Spinal Cord Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000628', 'qualifier_name': 'therapy', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013118', 'descriptor_name': 'Spinal Cord Diseases', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000175', 'qualifier_name': 'diagnosis', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-6576.1998.tb05291.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S177321322', 'display_name': 'Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica', 'issn_l': '0001-5172', 'issn': ['0001-5172', '1399-6576'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9689264', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.8, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 44, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W118710565', 'https://openalex.org/W1550897596', 'https://openalex.org/W1964718407', 'https://openalex.org/W1968052428', 'https://openalex.org/W1969767513', 'https://openalex.org/W1971056105', 'https://openalex.org/W1971704053', 'https://openalex.org/W1991474468', 'https://openalex.org/W1996921049', 'https://openalex.org/W2019368868', 'https://openalex.org/W2033860050', 'https://openalex.org/W2035064777', 'https://openalex.org/W2039814133', 'https://openalex.org/W2042998415', 'https://openalex.org/W2046283165', 'https://openalex.org/W2049666615', 'https://openalex.org/W2058250765', 'https://openalex.org/W2061187791', 'https://openalex.org/W2065916927', 'https://openalex.org/W2082334546', 'https://openalex.org/W2084121277', 'https://openalex.org/W2093461181', 'https://openalex.org/W2105569721', 'https://openalex.org/W2108357217', 'https://openalex.org/W2109044166', 'https://openalex.org/W2115688804', 'https://openalex.org/W2136109817', 'https://openalex.org/W2138473550', 'https://openalex.org/W2150823942', 'https://openalex.org/W2157543082', 'https://openalex.org/W2164577215', 'https://openalex.org/W2395551588', 'https://openalex.org/W2397093078', 'https://openalex.org/W2404277485', 'https://openalex.org/W2409053738', 'https://openalex.org/W2410494758', 'https://openalex.org/W2413310978', 'https://openalex.org/W2419259675', 'https://openalex.org/W2425623834', 'https://openalex.org/W2771294354', 'https://openalex.org/W2779131886', 'https://openalex.org/W3149836132', 'https://openalex.org/W33390938', 'https://openalex.org/W4301356233'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4297792095', 'https://openalex.org/W2443988468', 'https://openalex.org/W2432390341', 'https://openalex.org/W2152058412', 'https://openalex.org/W2139077876', 'https://openalex.org/W2078567475', 'https://openalex.org/W2029284511', 'https://openalex.org/W2026691997', 'https://openalex.org/W1988344449', 'https://openalex.org/W125271221'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Background:': [0], 'Epidural': [1], 'abscess': [2, 25, 48, 82], 'is': [3], 'a': [4, 79, 126, 171], 'serious': [5], 'complication': [6], 'of': [7, 11, 23, 42, 58, 71, 99, 177, 187, 211], 'epidural': [8, 24, 28, 46, 81, 101, 190], 'block.': [9], 'Because': [10], 'its': [12], 'low': [13], 'incidence,': [14], 'the': [15, 19, 43, 53, 69, 90, 100, 156, 201, 209], 'risk': [16, 64], 'factors': [17], 'and': [18, 21, 30, 56, 66, 108, 117, 183, 207], 'symptoms': [20, 104, 112, 122, 135, 204], 'cause': [22], 'related': [26], 'to': [27, 51, 61, 67, 103, 123, 129, 136, 205], 'anesthesia': [29], 'analgesia': [31], 'are': [32], 'not': [33], 'well': [34], 'known': [35], 'by': [36], 'anesthesiologists.': [37], 'Methods:': [38], 'A': [39], 'computer‐assisted': [40], 'search': [41], 'literature': [44], 'on': [45], 'catheter‐related': [47, 80], 'was': [49, 89, 125, 138, 155, 162], 'performed': [50], 'describe': [52], 'clinical': [54], 'course': [55], 'bacteriology': [57], 'this': [59, 196, 198], 'complication,': [60], 'determine': [62], 'possible': [63], 'factors,': [65], 'assess': [68], 'index': [70, 176], 'suspicion': [72, 178], 'among': [73, 179], 'physicians.': [74], 'Results:': [75], 'Forty‐two': [76], 'patients': [77, 88, 142, 149, 188], 'with': [78, 143, 148, 189], 'were': [83], 'identified.': [84], 'Only': [85], 'in': [86, 141, 164], '15': [87], 'correct': [91], 'diagnosis': [92], 'considered': [93], 'initially.': [94], 'The': [95, 119, 175], 'time': [96, 120], 'from': [97, 121, 133, 203], 'insertion': [98], 'catheter': [102], 'varied': [105], 'between': [106], '1': [107], '60': [109], 'd.': [110, 131], 'Initial': [111], 'included': [113], 'back': [114], 'pain,': [115], 'fever,': [116], 'leukocytosis.': [118], 'treatment': [124, 137, 206], 'few': [127], 'hours': [128], '108': [130], 'Interval': [132], 'first': [134], 'significantly': [139], 'longer': [140], 'persistent': [144], 'neurologic': [145], 'deficits': [146], 'compared': [147], 'who': [150], 'completely': [151], 'recovered.': [152], 'Staphylococcus': [153], 'aureus': [154], 'most': [157], 'common': [158], 'etiologic': [159], 'agent.': [160], 'Outcome': [161], 'reported': [163], '39': [165], 'patients,': [166], 'but': [167], 'only': [168], '19': [169], 'made': [170], 'full': [172], 'recovery.': [173], 'Conclusion:': [174], 'anesthesiologists,': [180], 'other': [181], 'physicians': [182], 'nurses': [184], 'taking': [185], 'care': [186], 'catheters': [191], 'must': [192], 'be': [193], 'increased': [194], 'for': [195], 'complication;': [197], 'should': [199], 'shorten': [200], 'interval': [202], 'lower': [208], 'incidence': [210], 'neurological': [212], 'sequelae.': [213]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973966047', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 4}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-17T07:50:01.164465', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}