Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1973766190', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1214/13-ps218', 'title': 'Gaussian multiplicative chaos and applications: A review', 'display_name': 'Gaussian multiplicative chaos and applications: A review', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1973766190', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1214/13-ps218', 'mag': '1973766190'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1214/13-ps218', 'pdf_url': 'https://projecteuclid.org/journals/probability-surveys/volume-11/issue-none/Gaussian-multiplicative-chaos-and-applications-A-review/10.1214/13-PS218.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S55260584', 'display_name': 'Probability Surveys', 'issn_l': '1549-5787', 'issn': ['1549-5787'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310321360', 'host_organization_name': 'Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310321360'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://projecteuclid.org/journals/probability-surveys/volume-11/issue-none/Gaussian-multiplicative-chaos-and-applications-A-review/10.1214/13-PS218.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5034900342', 'display_name': 'Rémi Rhodes', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rémi Rhodes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Marne-la-Vallee'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Marne-la-Vallee', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049107001', 'display_name': 'Vincent Vargas', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210103330', 'display_name': 'École Normale Supérieure', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01dp7jr64', 'country_code': 'BI', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210103330']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I29607241', 'display_name': 'École Normale Supérieure - PSL', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05a0dhs15', 'country_code': 'FR', 'type': 'other', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I29607241']}], 'countries': ['BI', 'FR'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vincent Vargas', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['École Normale supérieure'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'École Normale supérieure', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210103330', 'https://openalex.org/I29607241']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 675, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 675, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 675, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 675, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 11.667, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 380, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.9, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '11', 'issue': 'none', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11152', 'display_name': 'Scaling Limits of Interacting Particle Systems', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2610', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11152', 'display_name': 'Scaling Limits of Interacting Particle Systems', 'score': 0.9983, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2610', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11270', 'display_name': 'Econophysics: Complexity in Financial Markets', 'score': 0.9972, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10591', 'display_name': 'Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena', 'score': 0.9951, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3104', 'display_name': 'Condensed Matter Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-free-field', 'display_name': 'Gaussian free field', 'score': 0.79187626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/multifractal-system', 'display_name': 'Multifractal system', 'score': 0.7281125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-free-fields', 'display_name': 'Gaussian Free Fields', 'score': 0.458604}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779826952', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5527838', 'display_name': 'Gaussian free field', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.79187626}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C133905733', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629238', 'display_name': 'Multifractal system', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7281125}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6845275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C163716315', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177', 'display_name': 'Gaussian', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66910726}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42747912', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048447', 'display_name': 'Multiplicative function', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64124405}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C108568745', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181', 'display_name': 'Quantum gravity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5261126}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73000952', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007827', 'display_name': 'Discretization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4889163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121864883', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916', 'display_name': 'Statistical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.42955977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777303404', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757', 'display_name': 'Convergence (economics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42870164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C84114770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344', 'display_name': 'Quantum', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.39892107}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28994036}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13454378}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10174194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40636538', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392', 'display_name': 'Fractal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0799526}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1214/13-ps218', 'pdf_url': 'https://projecteuclid.org/journals/probability-surveys/volume-11/issue-none/Gaussian-multiplicative-chaos-and-applications-A-review/10.1214/13-PS218.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S55260584', 'display_name': 'Probability Surveys', 'issn_l': '1549-5787', 'issn': ['1549-5787'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310321360', 'host_organization_name': 'Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310321360'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6221', 'pdf_url': 'https://arxiv.org/pdf/1305.6221', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'http://arxiv.org/abs/1305.6221', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400194', 'display_name': 'arXiv (Cornell University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'host_organization_name': 'Cornell University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Cornell University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1214/13-ps218', 'pdf_url': 'https://projecteuclid.org/journals/probability-surveys/volume-11/issue-none/Gaussian-multiplicative-chaos-and-applications-A-review/10.1214/13-PS218.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S55260584', 'display_name': 'Probability Surveys', 'issn_l': '1549-5787', 'issn': ['1549-5787'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310321360', 'host_organization_name': 'Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310321360'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Bernoulli Society for Mathematical Statistics and Probability'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 148, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W128396179', 'https://openalex.org/W1482402772', 'https://openalex.org/W1483560004', 'https://openalex.org/W1490663191', 'https://openalex.org/W1495091143', 'https://openalex.org/W1505230721', 'https://openalex.org/W1529091640', 'https://openalex.org/W1531393797', 'https://openalex.org/W1576914964', 'https://openalex.org/W1632889261', 'https://openalex.org/W1659832490', 'https://openalex.org/W1672623218', 'https://openalex.org/W1693399110', 'https://openalex.org/W1720541938', 'https://openalex.org/W1863977934', 'https://openalex.org/W1899401725', 'https://openalex.org/W1964486846', 'https://openalex.org/W1965072674', 'https://openalex.org/W1966010547', 'https://openalex.org/W1966215731', 'https://openalex.org/W1967031756', 'https://openalex.org/W1970929351', 'https://openalex.org/W1972962012', 'https://openalex.org/W1973981102', 'https://openalex.org/W1974270490', 'https://openalex.org/W1976186789', 'https://openalex.org/W1976375732', 'https://openalex.org/W1978955935', 'https://openalex.org/W1982402793', 'https://openalex.org/W1982705689', 'https://openalex.org/W1985645295', 'https://openalex.org/W1987636633', 'https://openalex.org/W1991612321', 'https://openalex.org/W1993079947', 'https://openalex.org/W1993817335', 'https://openalex.org/W1993959658', 'https://openalex.org/W2001311784', 'https://openalex.org/W2002099938', 'https://openalex.org/W2002286553', 'https://openalex.org/W2003568194', 'https://openalex.org/W2003618570', 'https://openalex.org/W2004790699', 'https://openalex.org/W2006851042', 'https://openalex.org/W2010780144', 'https://openalex.org/W2010783407', 'https://openalex.org/W2012798270', 'https://openalex.org/W2012860068', 'https://openalex.org/W2014188138', 'https://openalex.org/W2021439344', 'https://openalex.org/W2022385268', 'https://openalex.org/W2023602476', 'https://openalex.org/W2025347225', 'https://openalex.org/W2026147416', 'https://openalex.org/W2026411407', 'https://openalex.org/W2028402761', 'https://openalex.org/W2030895685', 'https://openalex.org/W2032246347', 'https://openalex.org/W2033125785', 'https://openalex.org/W2035631212', 'https://openalex.org/W2044163863', 'https://openalex.org/W2049628118', 'https://openalex.org/W2052197092', 'https://openalex.org/W2056550451', 'https://openalex.org/W2060090701', 'https://openalex.org/W2060804903', 'https://openalex.org/W2064364957', 'https://openalex.org/W2064562192', 'https://openalex.org/W2065342302', 'https://openalex.org/W2067920858', 'https://openalex.org/W2071693910', 'https://openalex.org/W2071906809', 'https://openalex.org/W2075792128', 'https://openalex.org/W2077613619', 'https://openalex.org/W2081998951', 'https://openalex.org/W2084270798', 'https://openalex.org/W2086624693', 'https://openalex.org/W2087367394', 'https://openalex.org/W2088198894', 'https://openalex.org/W2094639869', 'https://openalex.org/W2095362975', 'https://openalex.org/W2096010345', 'https://openalex.org/W2096836621', 'https://openalex.org/W2097649415', 'https://openalex.org/W2098932612', 'https://openalex.org/W2100011707', 'https://openalex.org/W2100754476', 'https://openalex.org/W2101226248', 'https://openalex.org/W2102901030', 'https://openalex.org/W2104762624', 'https://openalex.org/W2105675124', 'https://openalex.org/W2111963536', 'https://openalex.org/W2116321046', 'https://openalex.org/W2116748958', 'https://openalex.org/W2120057787', 'https://openalex.org/W2120645838', 'https://openalex.org/W2125433609', 'https://openalex.org/W2128994866', 'https://openalex.org/W2134395001', 'https://openalex.org/W2139310454', 'https://openalex.org/W2145271103', 'https://openalex.org/W2149969959', 'https://openalex.org/W2150887479', 'https://openalex.org/W2159258685', 'https://openalex.org/W2161798353', 'https://openalex.org/W2167577506', 'https://openalex.org/W2594084855', 'https://openalex.org/W2603597282', 'https://openalex.org/W2949331906', 'https://openalex.org/W2952053819', 'https://openalex.org/W2963210516', 'https://openalex.org/W3037140745', 'https://openalex.org/W3098715972', 'https://openalex.org/W3098859600', 'https://openalex.org/W3099014830', 'https://openalex.org/W3100039046', 'https://openalex.org/W3100062840', 'https://openalex.org/W3100230559', 'https://openalex.org/W3100729821', 'https://openalex.org/W3101083696', 'https://openalex.org/W3101109859', 'https://openalex.org/W3101968547', 'https://openalex.org/W3102046702', 'https://openalex.org/W3102805447', 'https://openalex.org/W3102858873', 'https://openalex.org/W3102922874', 'https://openalex.org/W3103024239', 'https://openalex.org/W3103187671', 'https://openalex.org/W3104898123', 'https://openalex.org/W3105073102', 'https://openalex.org/W3105386208', 'https://openalex.org/W3105417015', 'https://openalex.org/W3105521639', 'https://openalex.org/W3105643191', 'https://openalex.org/W3121850069', 'https://openalex.org/W3123638682', 'https://openalex.org/W3124231061', 'https://openalex.org/W3206048301', 'https://openalex.org/W327402227', 'https://openalex.org/W3287787', 'https://openalex.org/W4242893449', 'https://openalex.org/W4243066586', 'https://openalex.org/W4247390922', 'https://openalex.org/W4247588708', 'https://openalex.org/W4248578111', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4297941651', 'https://openalex.org/W589246141', 'https://openalex.org/W76534522'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4382488079', 'https://openalex.org/W3145891640', 'https://openalex.org/W2809786383', 'https://openalex.org/W2370749423', 'https://openalex.org/W2356714366', 'https://openalex.org/W2078152912', 'https://openalex.org/W2056486084', 'https://openalex.org/W2042397562', 'https://openalex.org/W1977404842', 'https://openalex.org/W1639315488'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0], 'this': [1, 20, 67], 'article,': [2], 'we': [3, 60], 'review': [4, 95], 'the': [5, 41, 44, 55, 85, 101, 112, 118, 123, 132], 'theory': [6, 68], 'of': [7, 43, 54, 66, 79, 88, 103, 131], 'Gaussian': [8, 56], 'multiplicative': [9], 'chaos': [10], 'initially': [11], 'introduced': [12], 'by': [13], 'Kahane’s': [14], 'seminal': [15], 'work': [16], 'in': [17, 47, 134], '1985.': [18], 'Though': [19], 'beautiful': [21], 'paper': [22], 'faded': [23], 'from': [24, 82], 'memory': [25], 'until': [26], 'recently,': [27], 'it': [28], 'already': [29], 'contains': [30], 'ideas': [31], 'and': [32, 64, 74, 114, 125], 'results': [33, 99], 'that': [34, 69], 'are': [35], 'nowadays': [36], 'under': [37], 'active': [38], 'investigation,': [39], 'like': [40, 100], 'construction': [42], 'Liouville': [45, 105, 120], 'measure': [46], '$2d$-Liouville': [48, 91], 'quantum': [49, 92], 'gravity': [50], 'or': [51, 128], 'thick': [52], 'points': [53], 'Free': [57], 'Field.': [58], 'Also,': [59], 'mention': [61], 'important': [62], 'extensions': [63], 'generalizations': [65], 'have': [70], 'emerged': [71], 'ever': [72], 'since': [73], 'discuss': [75], 'a': [76], 'whole': [77], 'family': [78], 'applications,': [80], 'ranging': [81], 'finance,': [83], 'through': [84], 'Kolmogorov-Obukhov': [86], 'model': [87], 'turbulence': [89], 'to': [90], 'gravity.': [93], 'This': [94], 'also': [96], 'includes': [97], 'new': [98], 'convergence': [102], 'discretized': [104], 'measures': [106, 121, 133], 'on': [107], 'isoradial': [108], 'graphs': [109], '(thus': [110], 'including': [111], 'triangle': [113], 'square': [115], 'lattices)': [116], 'towards': [117], 'continuous': [119], '(in': [122], 'subcritical': [124], 'critical': [126], 'case)': [127], 'multifractal': [129], 'analysis': [130], 'all': [135], 'dimensions.': [136]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1973766190', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 35}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 40}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 59}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 56}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 43}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-17T14:55:11.343565', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}