Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1971969222', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108100256', 'title': 'Review: Nicotinic receptors and stages of nicotine dependence', 'display_name': 'Review: Nicotinic receptors and stages of nicotine dependence', 'publication_year': 2009, 'publication_date': '2009-02-27', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1971969222', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108100256', 'mag': '1971969222', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19251827'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108100256', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S136368880', 'display_name': 'Journal of Psychopharmacology', 'issn_l': '0269-8811', 'issn': ['0269-8811', '1461-7285'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021567351', 'display_name': 'KA Brennan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210132331', 'display_name': 'Institute of Environmental Science and Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0405trq15', 'country_code': 'NZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799419803', 'https://openalex.org/I4210132331']}], 'countries': ['NZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'KA Brennan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210132331']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017852596', 'display_name': 'Rod A. Lea', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1148-5862'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210132331', 'display_name': 'Institute of Environmental Science and Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0405trq15', 'country_code': 'NZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799419803', 'https://openalex.org/I4210132331']}], 'countries': ['NZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'RA Lea', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210132331']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002685324', 'display_name': 'Paul S. Fitzmaurice', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-3830'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210132331', 'display_name': 'Institute of Environmental Science and Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0405trq15', 'country_code': 'NZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799419803', 'https://openalex.org/I4210132331']}], 'countries': ['NZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'PS Fitzmaurice', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210132331']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5050093255', 'display_name': 'Penelope Truman', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1417-1313'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210132331', 'display_name': 'Institute of Environmental Science and Research', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0405trq15', 'country_code': 'NZ', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2799419803', 'https://openalex.org/I4210132331']}], 'countries': ['NZ'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. Truman', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Environmental Science and Research Ltd, Porirua, Wellington, New Zealand', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210132331']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.175, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 21, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.300387, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 89, 'max': 90}, 'biblio': {'volume': '24', 'issue': '6', 'first_page': '793', 'last_page': '808'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11818', 'display_name': 'Structure and Function of Nicotinic Receptors', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11818', 'display_name': 'Structure and Function of Nicotinic Receptors', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10060', 'display_name': 'Smoking Cessation and Health Effects of Tobacco', 'score': 0.9949, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11178', 'display_name': 'Structure and Function of G Protein-Coupled Receptors', 'score': 0.9898, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotinic-acetylcholine-receptors', 'display_name': 'Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors', 'score': 0.589023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-addiction', 'display_name': 'Nicotine Addiction', 'score': 0.57337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/nicotine-metabolism', 'display_name': 'Nicotine Metabolism', 'score': 0.551223}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779547902', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28086552', 'display_name': 'Nicotine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.90680486}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C188987157', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7030581', 'display_name': 'Nicotinic agonist', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.89457864}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C48856860', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029', 'display_name': 'Addiction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5708026}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5529841}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777843972', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2462253', 'display_name': 'Smoking cessation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5274727}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80161118', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408520', 'display_name': 'Acetylcholine receptor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5209114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5029802}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48347765}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779570518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412256', 'display_name': 'Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.46513456}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51927110', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4734895', 'display_name': 'Alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.45256618}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4103748}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3437426}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.13503617}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D009538', 'descriptor_name': 'Nicotine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011978', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014029', 'descriptor_name': 'Tobacco Use Disorder', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004298', 'descriptor_name': 'Dopamine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004298', 'descriptor_name': 'Dopamine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009538', 'descriptor_name': 'Nicotine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009538', 'descriptor_name': 'Nicotine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011978', 'descriptor_name': 'Receptors, Nicotinic', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014029', 'descriptor_name': 'Tobacco Use Disorder', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015854', 'descriptor_name': 'Up-Regulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015854', 'descriptor_name': 'Up-Regulation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881108100256', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S136368880', 'display_name': 'Journal of Psychopharmacology', 'issn_l': '0269-8811', 'issn': ['0269-8811', '1461-7285'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320017', 'host_organization_name': 'SAGE Publishing', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320017'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['SAGE Publishing'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19251827', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'score': 0.89, 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 195, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1499292304', 'https://openalex.org/W1509385305', 'https://openalex.org/W1526695988', 'https://openalex.org/W1550692498', 'https://openalex.org/W1554655031', 'https://openalex.org/W1571140265', 'https://openalex.org/W1579854617', 'https://openalex.org/W1635375164', 'https://openalex.org/W1651595496', 'https://openalex.org/W1680855902', 'https://openalex.org/W1884405655', 'https://openalex.org/W1909773795', 'https://openalex.org/W1912050742', 'https://openalex.org/W1935689631', 'https://openalex.org/W1955803833', 'https://openalex.org/W1966331187', 'https://openalex.org/W1971816555', 'https://openalex.org/W1972806087', 'https://openalex.org/W1974317576', 'https://openalex.org/W1976312153', 'https://openalex.org/W1979212481', 'https://openalex.org/W1979800544', 'https://openalex.org/W1980917285', 'https://openalex.org/W1981632227', 'https://openalex.org/W1982978113', 'https://openalex.org/W1983138582', 'https://openalex.org/W1984039810', 'https://openalex.org/W1985313555', 'https://openalex.org/W1986553991', 'https://openalex.org/W1988304143', 'https://openalex.org/W1990471816', 'https://openalex.org/W1991861596', 'https://openalex.org/W1994346380', 'https://openalex.org/W1997579899', 'https://openalex.org/W2001801891', 'https://openalex.org/W2002028713', 'https://openalex.org/W2003726198', 'https://openalex.org/W2003949112', 'https://openalex.org/W2004027717', 'https://openalex.org/W2004618736', 'https://openalex.org/W2004747758', 'https://openalex.org/W2005878215', 'https://openalex.org/W2010479382', 'https://openalex.org/W2011154525', 'https://openalex.org/W2011246896', 'https://openalex.org/W2011352485', 'https://openalex.org/W2011596780', 'https://openalex.org/W2012723046', 'https://openalex.org/W2018307493', 'https://openalex.org/W2018316956', 'https://openalex.org/W2019530923', 'https://openalex.org/W2020799110', 'https://openalex.org/W2021839383', 'https://openalex.org/W2022080087', 'https://openalex.org/W2024316065', 'https://openalex.org/W2024566705', 'https://openalex.org/W2025440394', 'https://openalex.org/W2028246588', 'https://openalex.org/W2030618936', 'https://openalex.org/W2034426909', 'https://openalex.org/W2034769991', 'https://openalex.org/W2034844087', 'https://openalex.org/W2035700940', 'https://openalex.org/W2036216077', 'https://openalex.org/W2039460330', 'https://openalex.org/W2040527156', 'https://openalex.org/W2042273131', 'https://openalex.org/W2043194007', 'https://openalex.org/W2043346837', 'https://openalex.org/W2044452923', 'https://openalex.org/W2044625851', 'https://openalex.org/W2046041076', 'https://openalex.org/W2046107341', 'https://openalex.org/W2046545299', 'https://openalex.org/W2049979645', 'https://openalex.org/W2050092988', 'https://openalex.org/W2054864558', 'https://openalex.org/W2055216458', 'https://openalex.org/W2055762844', 'https://openalex.org/W2056006307', 'https://openalex.org/W2056217660', 'https://openalex.org/W2057543152', 'https://openalex.org/W2058822571', 'https://openalex.org/W2059495695', 'https://openalex.org/W2061344417', 'https://openalex.org/W2061475648', 'https://openalex.org/W2062002432', 'https://openalex.org/W2062006647', 'https://openalex.org/W2062192245', 'https://openalex.org/W2062197415', 'https://openalex.org/W2062419094', 'https://openalex.org/W2062536920', 'https://openalex.org/W2062613143', 'https://openalex.org/W2062671203', 'https://openalex.org/W2064138937', 'https://openalex.org/W2064409585', 'https://openalex.org/W2064471754', 'https://openalex.org/W2065330687', 'https://openalex.org/W2065633680', 'https://openalex.org/W2065808106', 'https://openalex.org/W2066245502', 'https://openalex.org/W2066951615', 'https://openalex.org/W2071397584', 'https://openalex.org/W2074624810', 'https://openalex.org/W2075560932', 'https://openalex.org/W2075816905', 'https://openalex.org/W2076287600', 'https://openalex.org/W2078129420', 'https://openalex.org/W2079864103', 'https://openalex.org/W2081186641', 'https://openalex.org/W2081491792', 'https://openalex.org/W2081686317', 'https://openalex.org/W2081950565', 'https://openalex.org/W2083076890', 'https://openalex.org/W2084175824', 'https://openalex.org/W2087180747', 'https://openalex.org/W2090240371', 'https://openalex.org/W2090264816', 'https://openalex.org/W2090931660', 'https://openalex.org/W2091661891', 'https://openalex.org/W2092736562', 'https://openalex.org/W2093867596', 'https://openalex.org/W2093902619', 'https://openalex.org/W2095187162', 'https://openalex.org/W2095542747', 'https://openalex.org/W2096042877', 'https://openalex.org/W2098053852', 'https://openalex.org/W2099336264', 'https://openalex.org/W2100776131', 'https://openalex.org/W2100829515', 'https://openalex.org/W2101081697', 'https://openalex.org/W2101520329', 'https://openalex.org/W2102510891', 'https://openalex.org/W2103421486', 'https://openalex.org/W2103923698', 'https://openalex.org/W2104836142', 'https://openalex.org/W2107200746', 'https://openalex.org/W2111622691', 'https://openalex.org/W2114207481', 'https://openalex.org/W2114217405', 'https://openalex.org/W2117939256', 'https://openalex.org/W2118061336', 'https://openalex.org/W2126739627', 'https://openalex.org/W2131054560', 'https://openalex.org/W2133274403', 'https://openalex.org/W2134235644', 'https://openalex.org/W2135229399', 'https://openalex.org/W2139654665', 'https://openalex.org/W2139787666', 'https://openalex.org/W2141456252', 'https://openalex.org/W2141830709', 'https://openalex.org/W2142186991', 'https://openalex.org/W2146828617', 'https://openalex.org/W2146938761', 'https://openalex.org/W2147542109', 'https://openalex.org/W2149018295', 'https://openalex.org/W2150326881', 'https://openalex.org/W2150327500', 'https://openalex.org/W2153609942', 'https://openalex.org/W2155400043', 'https://openalex.org/W2157144772', 'https://openalex.org/W2157815289', 'https://openalex.org/W2158478448', 'https://openalex.org/W2158696674', 'https://openalex.org/W2158972787', 'https://openalex.org/W2162000418', 'https://openalex.org/W2164386461', 'https://openalex.org/W2165081822', 'https://openalex.org/W2165398609', 'https://openalex.org/W2166319165', 'https://openalex.org/W2166474465', 'https://openalex.org/W2167035822', 'https://openalex.org/W2169839077', 'https://openalex.org/W2258492634', 'https://openalex.org/W2301755841', 'https://openalex.org/W2312609348', 'https://openalex.org/W2317321545', 'https://openalex.org/W2321454552', 'https://openalex.org/W2328901850', 'https://openalex.org/W2411833566', 'https://openalex.org/W2413110835', 'https://openalex.org/W2417296417', 'https://openalex.org/W2424866039', 'https://openalex.org/W2464411187', 'https://openalex.org/W4240191731', 'https://openalex.org/W4241186196', 'https://openalex.org/W4241537901', 'https://openalex.org/W4250908461', 'https://openalex.org/W4254829196', 'https://openalex.org/W4294833769', 'https://openalex.org/W4295813505', 'https://openalex.org/W4319292982', 'https://openalex.org/W4322696256', 'https://openalex.org/W4322703267', 'https://openalex.org/W53481992'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W581368863', 'https://openalex.org/W2399333314', 'https://openalex.org/W2103310639', 'https://openalex.org/W2091673195', 'https://openalex.org/W2077339822', 'https://openalex.org/W2037471264', 'https://openalex.org/W2035238491', 'https://openalex.org/W2033865162', 'https://openalex.org/W2005226742', 'https://openalex.org/W1570361834'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Smoking': [0], 'is': [1], 'one': [2], 'of': [3, 7, 20, 46, 60, 110, 116, 124, 149, 156, 173], 'the': [4, 16, 29, 58, 69, 73, 81, 90, 95, 108, 114, 139, 147, 157, 168], 'leading': [5], 'causes': [6], 'preventable': [8], 'death,': [9], 'where': [10, 37], 'nicotine': [11, 34, 61, 79, 117, 158], 'has': [12], 'been': [13, 25, 42], 'identified': [14], 'as': [15, 33], 'primary': [17, 74], 'addictive': [18], 'constituent': [19], 'tobacco.': [21], 'Consequently,': [22], 'there': [23, 102], 'have': [24, 41], 'extensive': [26], 'investigations': [27], 'into': [28], 'neuroadaptations': [30, 54], 'that': [31, 55], 'occur': [32, 56], 'dependence': [35, 118, 159], 'develops,': [36], 'numerous': [38], 'neurological': [39, 128], 'systems': [40, 129], 'implicated.': [43], 'The': [44], 'focus': [45, 64], 'this': [47, 137], 'review': [48, 140], 'was': [49, 65, 103, 163], 'on': [50], 'nicotinic': [51, 70, 111, 150, 169], 'acetylcholine': [52], 'receptor': [53, 151], 'during': [57], 'development': [59, 115], 'dependence.': [62], 'This': [63, 161], 'selected': [66], 'because': [67, 119], '(1)': [68], 'receptors': [71, 91, 112], 'are': [72, 92], 'binding': [75], 'sites': [76], 'for': [77], 'both': [78], 'and': [80, 88, 145], 'most': [82], 'efficacious': [83], 'pharmacological': [84, 176], 'smoking': [85, 177], 'cessation': [86, 178], 'treatments': [87], '(2)': [89], 'located': [93], 'throughout': [94], 'brain': [96], 'with': [97], 'considerable': [98], 'neuromodulatory': [99], 'ability.': [100], 'However,': [101], 'difficulty': [104], 'associated': [105], 'in': [106, 113], 'outlining': [107], 'role': [109, 148], 'it': [120], 'comprises': [121], 'a': [122, 132, 142], 'series': [123], 'stages': [125, 155], 'involving': [126], 'different': [127], 'rather': [130], 'than': [131], 'single': [133], 'state.': [134], 'To': [135], 'address': [136], 'issue,': [138], 'adopts': [141], 'novel': [143], 'approach': [144], 'considers': [146], 'subtypes': [152], 'at': [153], 'separate': [154], 'cycle.': [160], 'information': [162], 'then': [164], 'used': [165], 'to': [166], 'examine': [167], 'receptor-related': [170], 'therapeutic': [171], 'mechanisms': [172], 'three': [174], 'main': [175], 'treatments.': [179]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971969222', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-25T21:48:02.827586', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}