Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1971368047', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20449', 'title': 'Biomechanical approach to the reconstruction of activity patterns in Neolithic Western Liguria, Italy', 'display_name': 'Biomechanical approach to the reconstruction of activity patterns in Neolithic Western Liguria, Italy', 'publication_year': 2006, 'publication_date': '2006-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1971368047', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20449', 'mag': '1971368047', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16685729'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20449', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S126146781', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Physical Anthropology', 'issn_l': '0002-9483', 'issn': ['0002-9483', '1096-8644'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081889554', 'display_name': 'Damiano Marchi', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6331-8783'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I170897317', 'display_name': 'Duke University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00py81415', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I170897317']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Damiano Marchi', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Biological Anthropology & Anatomy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Biological Anthropology & Anatomy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I170897317']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5090876791', 'display_name': 'Vitale Sparacello', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6357-7363'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I83816512', 'display_name': 'University of Genoa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0107c5v14', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I83816512']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vitale S. Sparacello', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dipartimento di Scienze Antropologiche, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy 16159'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dipartimento di Scienze Antropologiche, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy 16159', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I83816512']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051927079', 'display_name': 'Brigitte Holt', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-529X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I24603500', 'display_name': 'University of Massachusetts Amherst', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0072zz521', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I24603500']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Brigitte M. Holt', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I24603500']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5089634361', 'display_name': 'Vincenzo Formicola', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-1729'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I108290504', 'display_name': 'University of Pisa', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03ad39j10', 'country_code': 'IT', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I108290504']}], 'countries': ['IT'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Vincenzo Formicola', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56126'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Dipartimento di Biologia, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy 56126', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I108290504']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 4, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4840, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4840, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 51.454, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 133, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.996009, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '131', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '447', 'last_page': '455'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10992', 'display_name': 'Forensic Anthropological Research', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1204', 'display_name': 'Archeology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10992', 'display_name': 'Forensic Anthropological Research', 'score': 0.9987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1204', 'display_name': 'Archeology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10421', 'display_name': 'Human Evolution and Behavioral Modernity', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3314', 'display_name': 'Anthropology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12417', 'display_name': 'Geometric Morphometrics and Statistical Analysis', 'score': 0.9738, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2608', 'display_name': 'Geometry and Topology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-dimorphism', 'display_name': 'Sexual dimorphism', 'score': 0.6806326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-paleolithic', 'display_name': 'Upper Paleolithic', 'score': 0.6733163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ancient-human-behavior', 'display_name': 'Ancient Human Behavior', 'score': 0.524989}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/bioarchaeology', 'display_name': 'Bioarchaeology', 'score': 0.48017374}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776206872', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162595', 'display_name': 'Humerus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.69116604}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105083479', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181497', 'display_name': 'Sexual dimorphism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6806326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778079442', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q479505', 'display_name': 'Upper Paleolithic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6733163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780554211', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176503', 'display_name': 'Femur', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5243942}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162044005', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13404081', 'display_name': 'Bioarchaeology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48017374}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C205649164', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071', 'display_name': 'Geography', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42981568}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C166957645', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498', 'display_name': 'Archaeology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33970076}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32814837}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105702510', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514', 'display_name': 'Anatomy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31362402}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23881638}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90856448', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431', 'display_name': 'Zoology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.1530801}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D005269', 'descriptor_name': 'Femur', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005269', 'descriptor_name': 'Femur', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000033', 'qualifier_name': 'anatomy & histology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005580', 'descriptor_name': 'Fossils', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006811', 'descriptor_name': 'Humerus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006811', 'descriptor_name': 'Humerus', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000033', 'qualifier_name': 'anatomy & histology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019412', 'descriptor_name': 'Anatomy, Cross-Sectional', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001696', 'descriptor_name': 'Biomechanical Phenomena', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005269', 'descriptor_name': 'Femur', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006811', 'descriptor_name': 'Humerus', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007558', 'descriptor_name': 'Italy', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008124', 'descriptor_name': 'Locomotion', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012727', 'descriptor_name': 'Sex Characteristics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.20449', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S126146781', 'display_name': 'American Journal of Physical Anthropology', 'issn_l': '0002-9483', 'issn': ['0002-9483', '1096-8644'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16685729', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 45, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W103311458', 'https://openalex.org/W1483672733', 'https://openalex.org/W163061866', 'https://openalex.org/W1959965847', 'https://openalex.org/W1978565182', 'https://openalex.org/W1996664794', 'https://openalex.org/W2002841917', 'https://openalex.org/W2010816853', 'https://openalex.org/W2011551306', 'https://openalex.org/W2013673447', 'https://openalex.org/W2025873433', 'https://openalex.org/W2029650791', 'https://openalex.org/W2058744618', 'https://openalex.org/W2061058019', 'https://openalex.org/W2064456201', 'https://openalex.org/W2068437552', 'https://openalex.org/W2074959670', 'https://openalex.org/W2076715995', 'https://openalex.org/W2086666095', 'https://openalex.org/W2088970318', 'https://openalex.org/W2096550707', 'https://openalex.org/W2102143438', 'https://openalex.org/W2110410288', 'https://openalex.org/W2111191760', 'https://openalex.org/W2111455459', 'https://openalex.org/W2112370047', 'https://openalex.org/W2137118042', 'https://openalex.org/W2139371428', 'https://openalex.org/W2141739173', 'https://openalex.org/W2156753552', 'https://openalex.org/W2162567431', 'https://openalex.org/W2167554741', 'https://openalex.org/W2418966620', 'https://openalex.org/W2463049265', 'https://openalex.org/W2612681838', 'https://openalex.org/W2765535394', 'https://openalex.org/W2980293999', 'https://openalex.org/W3012513076', 'https://openalex.org/W3036459483', 'https://openalex.org/W3098344224', 'https://openalex.org/W41224742', 'https://openalex.org/W4239984484', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527', 'https://openalex.org/W4323893788', 'https://openalex.org/W971589526'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4390193031', 'https://openalex.org/W4239316287', 'https://openalex.org/W2523462662', 'https://openalex.org/W2105881028', 'https://openalex.org/W2086100141', 'https://openalex.org/W2084388835', 'https://openalex.org/W2053978509', 'https://openalex.org/W1993654618', 'https://openalex.org/W1985468760', 'https://openalex.org/W1975438483'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0, 119], 'paper': [1], 'investigates': [2], 'the': [3, 16, 36, 98, 133, 136, 155, 168, 197, 219], 'changes': [4], 'in': [5, 22, 40, 67, 74, 80, 83, 88, 91, 173, 181, 231, 241], 'upper': [6, 92, 198], 'and': [7, 11, 38, 48, 93, 122, 147, 183, 200, 213, 233], 'lower': [8, 94, 140], 'limb': [9, 95, 141], 'robusticity': [10, 27, 66, 89], 'activity': [12], 'patterns': [13], 'that': [14, 167], 'accompanied': [15], 'transition': [17, 169], 'to': [18, 52, 170, 228, 239], 'a': [19, 41, 77, 148, 185, 192], 'Neolithic': [20, 68, 171], 'subsistence': [21], 'western': [23, 174], 'Liguria': [24, 175], '(Italy).': [25], 'Diaphyseal': [26], 'measures': [28], 'were': [29], 'obtained': [30], 'from': [31, 154], 'cross-sectional': [32, 163], 'geometric': [33], 'properties': [34], 'of': [35, 43, 104, 117, 125, 135, 151, 189, 196, 204, 221, 225, 234], 'humerus': [37], 'femur': [39], 'sample': [42, 150], '16': [44], 'individuals': [45], '(eight': [46], 'males': [47, 114, 146], 'eight': [49], 'females)': [50], 'dated': [51], 'about': [53], '6,000–5,500': [54], 'BP.': [55], 'Comparisons': [56, 143], 'with': [57, 76, 209], 'European': [58], 'Late': [59], 'Upper': [60], 'Paleolithics': [61], '(LUP)': [62], 'indicate': [63, 166], 'increased': [64], 'humeral': [65], 'Ligurian': [69], '(NEOL)': [70], 'males,': [71, 130, 182, 232], 'but': [72], 'not': [73, 177], 'females,': [75], 'significant': [78], 'reduction': [79], 'right-left': [81], 'differences': [82], 'both': [84], 'sexes.': [85], 'Sexual': [86], 'dimorphism': [87], 'increases': [90], 'bones.': [96], 'Regarding': [97], 'femur,': [99], 'while': [100], 'all': [101], 'female': [102], 'indicators': [103], 'bending': [105], 'strength': [106], 'decrease': [107], 'steadily': [108], 'through': [109], 'time,': [110], 'values': [111], 'for': [112, 128], 'NEOL': [113, 129, 145], 'approach': [115], 'those': [116], 'LUP.': [118], 'suggests': [120], 'high,': [121], 'unexpected,': [123], 'levels': [124, 203], 'mechanical': [126], 'stress': [127], 'probably': [131], 'reflecting': [132], 'effects': [134], 'mountainous': [137], 'terrain': [138], 'on': [139], 'remodeling.': [142], 'between': [144], 'small': [149], 'LUP': [152], 'hunter-gatherers': [153], 'same': [156], 'area': [157], 'support': [158, 218], 'this': [159], 'interpretation.': [160], 'In': [161], 'conclusion,': [162], 'geometry': [164], 'data': [165], 'economies': [172], 'did': [176], 'reduce': [178], 'functional': [179], 'requirements': [180], 'suggest': [184], 'marked': [186], 'sexual': [187], 'division': [188], 'labor': [190], 'involving': [191], 'more': [193, 235], 'symmetrical': [194], 'use': [195, 224], 'limb,': [199], 'different': [201], 'male-female': [202], 'locomotory': [205], 'stress.': [206], 'When': [207], 'articulated': [208], 'archaeological,': [210], 'faunal,': [211], 'paleopathological,': [212], 'ethnographic': [214], 'evidence,': [215], 'these': [216], 'results': [217], 'hypothesis': [220], 'repetitive,': [222], 'bimanual': [223], 'axes': [226], 'tied': [227], 'pastoral': [229], 'activities': [230], 'sedentary': [236], 'tasks': [237], 'linked': [238], 'agriculture': [240], 'females.': [242], 'Am': [243], 'J': [244], 'Phys': [245], 'Anthropol,': [246], '2006.': [247], '©': [248], '2006': [249], 'Wiley-Liss,': [250], 'Inc.': [251]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1971368047', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-15T10:17:48.197222', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}