Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1970057259', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'title': 'Steps in the development of a <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> El Tor biofilm', 'display_name': 'Steps in the development of a <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> El Tor biofilm', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1970057259', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'mag': '1970057259', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10564499', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2860543'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S102549058', 'display_name': 'Molecular Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0950-382X', 'issn': ['0950-382X', '1365-2958'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044411282', 'display_name': 'Paula I. Watnick', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9173-8662'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210087915', 'display_name': 'Massachusetts General Hospital', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/002pd6e78', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087915', 'https://openalex.org/I48633490']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P I Watnick', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210087915']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5076614279', 'display_name': 'Roberto Kolter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-1481'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'R Kolter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4020, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4020, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.683, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 610, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999003, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '34', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '586', 'last_page': '595'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11684', 'display_name': 'Dynamics and Pathogenesis of Cholera Bacteria', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1310', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11684', 'display_name': 'Dynamics and Pathogenesis of Cholera Bacteria', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1310', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10593', 'display_name': 'Bacterial Biofilms and Quorum Sensing Mechanisms', 'score': 0.9992, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10120', 'display_name': 'Bacterial Physiology and Genetics', 'score': 0.9914, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1311', 'display_name': 'Genetics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/el-tor', 'display_name': 'El Tor', 'score': 0.76099217}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/vibrio-cholerae', 'display_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'score': 0.525068}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778643871', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160821', 'display_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9477309}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174832134', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q934786', 'display_name': 'Pilus', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.917331}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.88284206}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58123911', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467410', 'display_name': 'Biofilm', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.87492096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C115811362', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189998', 'display_name': 'Flagellum', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8021832}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89423630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193', 'display_name': 'Microbiology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7685122}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779633232', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2076733', 'display_name': 'El Tor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.76099217}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143065580', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695', 'display_name': 'Mutant', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.736349}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C4918238', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121438', 'display_name': 'Transposable element', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.56962144}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C523546767', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876', 'display_name': 'Bacteria', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46539745}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776154503', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753490', 'display_name': 'Vibrio', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4490951}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58207958', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33596', 'display_name': 'Motility', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4400427}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C104317684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187', 'display_name': 'Gene', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34494364}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C60987743', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1460232', 'display_name': 'Virulence', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.27479017}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2553339}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D018441', 'descriptor_name': 'Biofilms', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000254', 'qualifier_name': 'growth & development', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D036781', 'descriptor_name': 'Fimbriae Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014734', 'descriptor_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014734', 'descriptor_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001426', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacterial Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001426', 'descriptor_name': 'Bacterial Proteins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018441', 'descriptor_name': 'Biofilms', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004251', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Transposable Elements', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005407', 'descriptor_name': 'Flagella', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005407', 'descriptor_name': 'Flagella', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006388', 'descriptor_name': 'Hemagglutinins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006388', 'descriptor_name': 'Hemagglutinins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D037601', 'descriptor_name': 'Mannose-Binding Lectin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018613', 'descriptor_name': 'Microscopy, Confocal', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009068', 'descriptor_name': 'Movement', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016254', 'descriptor_name': 'Mutagenesis, Insertional', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016133', 'descriptor_name': 'Polymerase Chain Reaction', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011135', 'descriptor_name': 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000235', 'qualifier_name': 'genetics', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011135', 'descriptor_name': 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011135', 'descriptor_name': 'Polysaccharides, Bacterial', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000096', 'qualifier_name': 'biosynthesis', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013997', 'descriptor_name': 'Time Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014734', 'descriptor_name': 'Vibrio cholerae', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S102549058', 'display_name': 'Molecular Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0950-382X', 'issn': ['0950-382X', '1365-2958'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2860543', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2860543?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2860543', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10564499', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01624.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S102549058', 'display_name': 'Molecular Microbiology', 'issn_l': '0950-382X', 'issn': ['0950-382X', '1365-2958'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.74, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 37, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W117125860', 'https://openalex.org/W1550927566', 'https://openalex.org/W1593991291', 'https://openalex.org/W1614002301', 'https://openalex.org/W1776763831', 'https://openalex.org/W1876214410', 'https://openalex.org/W1985941150', 'https://openalex.org/W1990258497', 'https://openalex.org/W1996608975', 'https://openalex.org/W2009921642', 'https://openalex.org/W2015718950', 'https://openalex.org/W2016158447', 'https://openalex.org/W2019190363', 'https://openalex.org/W2030929667', 'https://openalex.org/W2030959690', 'https://openalex.org/W2032092088', 'https://openalex.org/W2034674930', 'https://openalex.org/W2040854131', 'https://openalex.org/W2043015302', 'https://openalex.org/W2048686116', 'https://openalex.org/W2053178769', 'https://openalex.org/W2067477145', 'https://openalex.org/W2079698171', 'https://openalex.org/W2089511414', 'https://openalex.org/W2104043604', 'https://openalex.org/W2104792719', 'https://openalex.org/W2109160052', 'https://openalex.org/W2109758267', 'https://openalex.org/W2120318998', 'https://openalex.org/W2120886244', 'https://openalex.org/W2130380516', 'https://openalex.org/W2134153749', 'https://openalex.org/W2135819136', 'https://openalex.org/W2148915230', 'https://openalex.org/W2154118758', 'https://openalex.org/W2155327463', 'https://openalex.org/W4213354399'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3214615694', 'https://openalex.org/W2944341371', 'https://openalex.org/W2176416394', 'https://openalex.org/W2166201674', 'https://openalex.org/W2143105317', 'https://openalex.org/W2138146333', 'https://openalex.org/W2104510609', 'https://openalex.org/W2086795937', 'https://openalex.org/W1980277193', 'https://openalex.org/W1924050422'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0], 'report': [1], 'that,': [2], 'in': [3, 41, 51, 106], 'a': [4, 15], 'simple,': [5], 'static': [6], 'culture': [7], 'system,': [8], 'wild‐type': [9], 'Vibrio': [10], 'cholerae': [11, 37], 'El': [12], 'Tor': [13], 'forms': [14], 'three‐dimensional': [16, 110], 'biofilm': [17, 42, 111], 'with': [18], 'characteristic': [19], 'water': [20], 'channels': [21], 'and': [22, 30, 55, 70, 86, 102], 'pillars': [23], 'of': [24, 35, 57, 68, 76, 109], 'bacteria.': [25], 'Furthermore,': [26], 'we': [27], 'have': [28], 'isolated': [29], 'characterized': [31], 'transposon': [32], 'insertion': [33], 'mutants': [34], 'V.': [36], 'that': [38, 81], 'are': [39], 'defective': [40], 'development.': [43], 'The': [44, 74], 'transposons': [45], 'were': [46], 'localized': [47], 'to': [48, 90], 'genes': [49], 'involved': [50, 105], '(i)': [52], 'the': [53, 58, 66, 82, 91, 94, 99, 107], 'biosynthesis': [54], 'secretion': [56], 'mannose‐sensitive': [59], 'haemagglutinin': [60], 'type': [61, 83], 'IV': [62, 84], 'pilus': [63, 85], '(MSHA);': [64], '(ii)': [65], 'synthesis': [67], 'exopolysaccharide;': [69], '(iii)': [71], 'flagellar': [72], 'motility.': [73], 'phenotypes': [75], 'these': [77], 'three': [78], 'groups': [79], 'suggest': [80], 'flagellum': [87, 95], 'accelerate': [88], 'attachment': [89], 'abiotic': [92, 100], 'surface,': [93, 101], 'mediates': [96], 'spread': [97], 'along': [98], 'exopolysaccharide': [103], 'is': [104], 'formation': [108], 'architecture.': [112]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1970057259', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 14}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 42}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 27}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-01T02:17:50.197316', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}