Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1969024080', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.026341', 'title': 'Femtosecond laser damage threshold of pulse compression gratings for petawatt scale laser systems', 'display_name': 'Femtosecond laser damage threshold of pulse compression gratings for petawatt scale laser systems', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-10-25', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1969024080', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.026341', 'mag': '1969024080', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24216857'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.026341', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S178776955', 'display_name': 'Optics Express', 'issn_l': '1094-4087', 'issn': ['1094-4087'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315679', 'host_organization_name': 'Optica Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315679'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Optica Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'gold', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.026341', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082669467', 'display_name': 'Patrick Poole', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6874-6664'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I52357470', 'display_name': 'The Ohio State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rs6vg23', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I52357470']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Patrick Poole', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I52357470']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052455941', 'display_name': 'Simeon Trendafilov', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1185-3562'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Simeon Trendafilov', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Texas at Austin, 2512 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Texas at Austin, 2512 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5002611349', 'display_name': 'Gennady Shvets', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8542-6753'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I86519309', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas at Austin', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00hj54h04', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gennady Shvets', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Texas at Austin, 2512 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Texas at Austin, 2512 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I86519309']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041591145', 'display_name': 'Douglas J. Smith', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0018-671X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210132276', 'display_name': 'Plymouth Grating Laboratory (United States)', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03vjak553', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'company', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210132276']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Douglas Smith', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Plymouth Grating Laboratories, 5 Commerce Way, Carver, MA 02330, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Plymouth Grating Laboratories, 5 Commerce Way, Carver, MA 02330, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210132276']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054120662', 'display_name': 'Enam Chowdhury', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6259-202X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I52357470', 'display_name': 'The Ohio State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00rs6vg23', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I52357470']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Enam Chowdhury', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Ohio State University, 191 West Woodruff Ave, Columbus, OH 43210, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I52357470']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 2270, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2270, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': {'value': 2270, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 2270, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'fwci': 5.362, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 74, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999935, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '22', 'first_page': '26341', 'last_page': '26341'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10732', 'display_name': 'Laser Material Processing Techniques', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10732', 'display_name': 'Laser Material Processing Techniques', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2206', 'display_name': 'Computational Mechanics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13869', 'display_name': 'Ocular and Laser Science Research', 'score': 0.9916, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2731', 'display_name': 'Ophthalmology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11127', 'display_name': 'Solid State Laser Technologies', 'score': 0.9881, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2208', 'display_name': 'Electrical and Electronic Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/conformal-coating', 'display_name': 'Conformal coating', 'score': 0.5200636}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.86589813}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7973168}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C167735695', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777507', 'display_name': 'Femtosecond', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7130692}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C520434653', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867', 'display_name': 'Laser', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.68857557}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777421745', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160245', 'display_name': 'Conformal coating', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5200636}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C100460472', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2368605', 'display_name': 'Etching (microfabrication)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5053137}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777813233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816', 'display_name': 'Grating', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48247746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126753812', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653294', 'display_name': 'Diffraction grating', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46941623}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43353736}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207114421', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133900', 'display_name': 'Diffraction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41312194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781448156', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570182', 'display_name': 'Coating', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.28041217}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779227376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497', 'display_name': 'Layer (electronics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.11363298}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08681643}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.026341', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S178776955', 'display_name': 'Optics Express', 'issn_l': '1094-4087', 'issn': ['1094-4087'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315679', 'host_organization_name': 'Optica Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315679'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Optica Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24216857', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.21.026341', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S178776955', 'display_name': 'Optics Express', 'issn_l': '1094-4087', 'issn': ['1094-4087'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315679', 'host_organization_name': 'Optica Publishing Group', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315679'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Optica Publishing Group'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.55}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320306084', 'funder_display_name': 'U.S. Department of Energy', 'award_id': 'DE-FC52-06NA26262'}, {'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320338279', 'funder_display_name': 'Air Force Office of Scientific Research', 'award_id': 'FA9550-12-1-0454'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 29, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1938861443', 'https://openalex.org/W1965231237', 'https://openalex.org/W1968230816', 'https://openalex.org/W1980885401', 'https://openalex.org/W1982071104', 'https://openalex.org/W1989580302', 'https://openalex.org/W1997574717', 'https://openalex.org/W2004595527', 'https://openalex.org/W2010125073', 'https://openalex.org/W2010301198', 'https://openalex.org/W2014169267', 'https://openalex.org/W2014305439', 'https://openalex.org/W2024942665', 'https://openalex.org/W2026889776', 'https://openalex.org/W2027357372', 'https://openalex.org/W2028602705', 'https://openalex.org/W2031761643', 'https://openalex.org/W2039830069', 'https://openalex.org/W2044678750', 'https://openalex.org/W2057453922', 'https://openalex.org/W2069406439', 'https://openalex.org/W2070498992', 'https://openalex.org/W2071608488', 'https://openalex.org/W2075789821', 'https://openalex.org/W2104505536', 'https://openalex.org/W2107133606', 'https://openalex.org/W2113295440', 'https://openalex.org/W2137959463', 'https://openalex.org/W2322862468'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4283512484', 'https://openalex.org/W4280537711', 'https://openalex.org/W2548693673', 'https://openalex.org/W2351403114', 'https://openalex.org/W2240569495', 'https://openalex.org/W2126995815', 'https://openalex.org/W2089749866', 'https://openalex.org/W2076974829', 'https://openalex.org/W2073524920', 'https://openalex.org/W2055615132'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Laser-induced': [0], 'femtosecond': [1], 'damage': [2, 62, 78, 98], 'thresholds': [3], 'of': [4, 86], 'Au': [5], 'and': [6, 61, 148], 'Ag': [7], 'coated': [8], 'pulse': [9, 33, 105], 'compression': [10, 34], 'gratings': [11, 28, 35, 39, 69, 153], 'were': [12], 'measured': [13], 'using': [14, 123], '800': [15], 'nm': [16], 'laser': [17, 166], 'pulses': [18], 'ranging': [19], 'in': [20, 36, 161], 'duration': [21], 'from': [22, 30], '30': [23], 'to': [24, 90, 136], '200': [25], 'fs.': [26], 'These': [27], 'differ': [29], 'conventional': [31], 'metal-on-photoresist': [32], 'that': [37, 130], 'the': [38, 45, 52, 124, 145, 162], 'patterns': [40], 'are': [41], 'generated': [42], 'by': [43, 119], 'etching': [44], 'fused': [46], 'silica': [47], 'substrate': [48], 'directly.': [49], 'After': [50], 'etching,': [51], 'metal': [53], 'overcoating': [54], 'was': [55, 70, 88, 117], 'optimized': [56], 'based': [57], 'on': [58, 67, 104, 111], 'diffraction': [59, 146], 'efficiency': [60, 147], 'threshold': [63, 99], 'considerations.': [64], 'The': [65, 97], 'experiment': [66], 'these': [68], 'performed': [71], 'under': [72], 'vacuum': [73], 'for': [74], 'single-shot': [75], 'damage.': [76], 'Single-shot': [77], 'threshold,': [79], 'where': [80], 'there': [81], 'is': [82], 'a': [83, 93], '0%': [84], 'probability': [85], 'damage,': [87], 'determined': [89], 'be': [91], 'within': [92], '400-800': [94], 'mJ/cm(2)': [95], 'range.': [96], 'exhibited': [100], 'no': [101], 'clear': [102, 109], 'dependence': [103, 110], 'width,': [106], 'but': [107], 'showed': [108, 129], 'gold': [112], 'overcoat': [113], 'surface': [114], 'morphology.': [115], 'This': [116], 'confirmed': [118], 'electromagnetic': [120], 'field': [121, 139], 'modeling': [122], 'finite': [125], 'element': [126], 'method,': [127], 'which': [128], 'non-conformal': [131], 'coating': [132, 156], 'morphology': [133], 'gives': [134], 'rise': [135], 'significant': [137], 'local': [138], 'enhancement': [140], 'near': [141], 'groove': [142], 'edges,': [143], 'lowering': [144], 'increasing': [149], 'Joule': [150], 'heating.': [151], 'Large-scale': [152], 'with': [154], 'conformal': [155], 'have': [157], 'been': [158], 'installed': [159], 'successfully': [160], '500': [163], 'TW': [164], 'Scarlet': [165], 'system.': [167]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1969024080', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-04T13:26:23.275315', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}