Mechanism of Action of A-769662, a Valuable Tool for Activation of AMP-activated Protein Kinase

Name: Work Video:
Duration: 3 min 30 s
Olga Göransson; Andrew McBride; Simon A. Hawley; Fiona A. Ross; Natalia Shpiro; Marc Foretz; Benoı̂t Viollet; D. Grahame Hardie; Kei Sakamoto
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'https://openalex.org/W2605441508', 'https://openalex.org/W2357139224', 'https://openalex.org/W2098038478', 'https://openalex.org/W2035980304', 'https://openalex.org/W2009707697', 'https://openalex.org/W2008478110', 'https://openalex.org/W1993376998'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0, 38, 200, 222, 260, 422, 2600], 'have': [1, 223, 1937, 2047, 2174, 2601, 2606], 'studied': [2, 224], 'the': [3, 46, 55, 65, 85, 90, 163, 189, 196, 217, 225, 268, 277, 287, 307, 312, 385, 411, 418, 439, 563, 566, 647, 674, 685, 721, 725, 819, 854, 898, 1139, 1197, 1414, 1421, 1548, 1551, 1555, 1673, 1676, 1732, 1738, 1757, 1762, 1768, 1779, 1864, 1870, 1879, 1883, 1934, 1956, 1962, 2007, 2012, 2042, 2058, 2123, 2219, 2238, 2242, 2248, 2258, 2269, 2279, 2291, 2319, 2329, 2336, 2340, 2356, 2435, 2441, 2457, 2479, 2487, 2547, 2550, 2573, 2576, 2583, 2591, 2810, 2821, 2907, 2920, 2938, 2942, 3021, 3031, 3086, 3120, 3164, 3259, 3307, 3339, 3548, 3603, 3617, 3689, 3768, 3772, 3783, 3788, 3936, 3940, 4136, 4308, 4386, 4396, 4544], 'mechanism': [4, 226, 2593, 2610], 'of': [5, 10, 29, 36, 62, 74, 82, 89, 95, 107, 127, 172, 191, 195, 220, 227, 232, 251, 258, 284, 296, 304, 311, 317, 329, 349, 394, 413, 417, 442, 558, 659, 671, 724, 853, 890, 1143, 1196, 1416, 1450, 1458, 1541, 1565, 1734, 1740, 1756, 1778, 1863, 1873, 1882, 1891, 1958, 2011, 2054, 2057, 2134, 2218, 2237, 2253, 2263, 2271, 2278, 2331, 2345, 2355, 2363, 2369, 2372, 2456, 2478, 2549, 2575, 2579, 2594, 2596, 2611, 2774, 2776, 2820, 2941, 3023, 3073, 3085, 3215, 3246, 3250, 3263, 3294, 3300, 3306, 3374, 3380, 3431, 3563, 3578, 3608, 3626, 3648, 3662, 3694, 3701, 3707, 3710, 3740, 3755, 3771, 3843, 3850, 3939, 4078, 4110, 4120, 4320, 4451, 4548], 'A-769662,': [6, 228, 2445], 'a': [7, 145, 211, 229, 367, 433, 556, 629, 636, 656, 660, 849, 1028, 1442, 1860, 2315, 2370, 2553, 2772, 2917, 3295, 3316, 3392, 3415, 3428, 3483, 3704, 3798, 3807, 3866, 3894, 3956, 3993, 4117, 4141], 'new': [8, 230], 'activator': [9, 208, 231, 430, 1925], 'AMP-activated': [11, 233, 445, 454, 507], 'protein': [12, 168, 234, 390, 446, 455, 468, 508, 521, 1034, 1131, 2992, 3252, 3375, 3517, 3530, 3702, 4027, 4391], 'kinase': [13, 50, 148, 166, 169, 198, 235, 272, 370, 388, 391, 420, 447, 469, 522, 856, 901, 1035, 1132, 2013, 2824, 2897, 2904], '(AMPK).': [14, 236], 'Unlike': [15, 237], 'other': [16, 238, 1784, 1932], 'pharmacological': [17, 239], 'activators,': [18, 240], 'it': [19, 41, 71, 76, 241, 263, 293, 298, 627, 1944, 2563], 'directly': [20, 242, 2323, 3571], 'activates': [21, 243], 'native': [22, 244], 'rat': [23, 245, 2822, 2902, 3155, 3165, 3308], 'AMPK': [24, 128, 150, 173, 207, 246, 350, 372, 395, 429, 654, 1144, 1159, 1202, 1424, 1467, 1683, 1851, 1893, 1924, 2004, 2111, 2320, 2364, 2378, 2462, 2580, 2597, 3074, 3079, 3082, 3192, 3216], 'by': [25, 247, 640, 650, 679, 857, 897, 1032, 1201, 1961, 2014, 2113, 2558, 2598, 2914, 2951, 3020, 3349, 3401, 3408, 3478, 3499, 3529, 3573, 3601, 3621, 4001, 4395, 4461], 'mimicking': [26, 248], 'both': [27, 249, 562, 639, 764, 2048, 4474], 'effects': [28, 111, 190, 250, 333, 412, 628, 1755, 1872, 2252, 2458], 'AMP,': [30, 75, 252, 297], 'i.e.': [31, 253], 'allosteric': [32, 254, 851], 'activation': [33, 255, 722, 730, 852, 1890, 2362, 2595], 'and': [34, 129, 174, 205, 256, 351, 396, 427, 565, 664, 667, 792, 1290, 1332, 1376, 1420, 1543, 1554, 1687, 2017, 2041, 2117, 2170, 2235, 2335, 2438, 2469, 2484, 2486, 2493, 2605, 2616, 2621, 2665, 2685, 2716, 2718, 2742, 2829, 2853, 2891, 2901, 2935, 2960, 3027, 3044, 3075, 3078, 3088, 3093, 3154, 3244, 3256, 3261, 3298, 3324, 3344, 3411, 3480, 3516, 3532, 3657, 3677, 3737, 3787, 3856, 3863, 3924, 4064, 4083, 4089, 4107, 4135, 4154, 4208, 4215, 4238, 4242, 4249, 4282, 4315, 4360, 4385, 4419, 4459, 4471, 4480], 'inhibition': [35, 257, 2236, 2354], 'dephosphorylation.': [37, 259], 'found': [39, 261], 'that': [40, 112, 185, 202, 262, 334, 407, 424, 818, 1869, 1878, 1922, 1926, 2107, 2266, 2276, 2314, 2317], 'has': [42, 77, 264, 299, 1190], 'no': [43, 78, 265, 300], 'effect': [44, 79, 266, 301, 820, 1881, 2262], 'on': [45, 60, 80, 267, 282, 302, 684, 720, 823, 1157, 1761, 3616, 3793, 4482], 'isolated': [47, 86, 139, 269, 308, 361], 'α': [48, 270, 662, 726], 'subunit': [49, 67, 271, 289, 663, 687, 2923, 3310], 'domain,': [51, 58, 273, 280], 'with': [52, 64, 274, 286, 2137, 2183, 2286, 3091, 3461, 3491, 3542, 3560, 3575, 3605, 3623, 3643, 3698, 3752, 3881, 3898, 3917, 4030, 4041, 4054, 4075, 4095, 4199, 4230, 4312, 4478], 'or': [53, 59, 101, 275, 281, 323, 2005, 2009, 4112, 4413, 4546, 4558], 'without': [54, 276], 'associated': [56, 278], 'autoinhibitory': [57, 279, 464, 517, 2908], 'interaction': [61, 283], 'glycogen': [63, 285, 3585, 3598], 'β': [66, 288, 666], 'glycogen-binding': [68, 290, 474, 527, 3303], 'domain.': [69, 291], 'Although': [70, 292, 2546], 'mimics': [72, 294], 'actions': [73, 295], 'binding': [81, 303, 760, 846, 3690], 'AMP': [83, 305, 672, 759, 845, 3947, 4113], 'to': [84, 97, 133, 178, 215, 306, 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'will': [209, 431], 'be': [210, 432, 965, 1025, 1410, 1441, 1854, 2052, 2245, 2325, 2351, 2556], 'valuable': [212, 434], 'experimental': [213, 435, 2570], 'tool': [214, 436, 2571], 'understand': [216, 438], 'physiological': [218, 440, 1192], 'roles': [219, 441], 'AMPK.': [221, 443], '(AMPK)': [448], '3The': [449, 502], 'abbreviations': [450, 503], 'used': [451, 504], 'are:': [452, 505], 'AMPK,': [453, 506], 'kinase;': [456, 470, 509, 523], 'ACC,': [457, 510], 'carboxylase;': [459, 512], 'AICAR,': [460, 513], '5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide': [461, 514, 1472], 'riboside;': [462, 515], 'AID,': [463, 516], 'domain;': [465, 475, 518, 528], 'CaMKK,': [466, 519], 'CBS,': [471, 524], 'cystathionineβ-synthase;': [472, 525], 'GBD,': [473, 526], 'GST,': [476, 529], 'glutathione': [477, 530, 2804], 'S-transferase;': [478, 531], 'MEF,': [479, 532], 'embryo': [481, 534], 'fibroblast;': [482, 535], 'OCT1,': [483, 536, 1772], 'organic': [484, 537, 1769], 'cation': [485, 538, 1770], 'transporter-1;': 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3182, 3229, 3976, 4014, 4497], 'D.G.': [595, 612, 701, 703, 783, 803, 918, 987, 1005, 1055, 1216, 1239, 1297, 1364, 1431, 1504, 2029, 2154, 2835, 2841, 2873, 2977, 2979, 3005, 3058, 3102, 3137, 3183, 3200, 3230, 3975, 3977, 4015, 4498], 'Cell': [596, 1056, 1087, 2155, 2415, 2531, 2751, 2874, 4179], 'Metab.': [597, 1057, 1088, 2156, 2416, 2532, 2875], '2005;': [598, 1058, 1089, 1117, 1276, 1911, 2157, 2876, 3065, 4274], '1:': [599], '15-25Abstract': [600], '(2295)': [608], '3Hardie': [611], 'Annu.': [613], 'Rev.': [614], 'Pharmacol.': [615, 1799, 2301], 'Toxicol.': [616], '2007;': [617, 837, 1837, 1992, 2231, 3290, 4018], '47:': [618], '185-210Crossref': [619], '(352)': [622], 'Scholar).': [624, 758, 844, 888, 1018, 1129, 1184, 1535, 1670, 1728, 1844, 1918, 1999, 2038, 2211, 2429, 2545, 2676, 2801, 2990, 3191, 3212, 3988, 4025, 4188], 'Once': [625], 'activated,': [626], 'metabolic': [630, 643, 1198, 1422, 1567, 2337], 'switch': [631], 'from': [632, 2290, 2434, 2679, 2688, 2698, 2707, 2714, 2721, 2750, 2760, 2809, 2916, 3315, 4044, 4152, 4247, 4410, 4473], 'an': [633, 1923, 2461, 2569, 2814, 3378, 4483], 'anabolic': [634], 'catabolic': [637], 'state,': [638], 'acutely': [641], 'phosphorylating': [642, 1155], 'enzymes': [644, 2481], 'and,': [645], 'longer': [648], 'term,': [649], 'regulating': [651], 'gene': [652], 'expression.': [653], 'heterotrimer': [657], 'composed': [658], 'catalytic': [661], 'regulatory': [665], 'subunits.': [669], 'Binding': [670], 'two': [675, 3543], '“Bateman': [676], 'domains”': [677], 'formed': [678], 'four': [680], 'tandem': [681], 'CBS': [682], 'motifs': [683, 3951], '(4Scott': [688, 2964, 3962], 'J.W.': [689, 1576, 1789, 2833, 2965, 3963, 4009], 'Hawley': [690, 980, 1361, 1501, 2836, 2966, 3964], 'S.A.': [691, 769, 904, 981, 1041, 1362, 1502, 1813, 1968, 2023, 2140, 2837, 2859, 2967, 3125, 3169, 3965], 'Green': [692, 2968, 3055, 3966], 'K.A.': [693, 1105, 1897, 2969, 3056, 3967], 'Anis': [694, 2970, 3968], 'M.': [695, 732, 862, 944, 975, 1080, 1084, 1164, 1168, 1274, 1314, 1387, 1572, 1578, 1703, 1907, 2086, 2192, 2394, 2510, 2785, 2971, 3127, 3273, 3969, 4169, 4175, 4263, 4431], 'Stewart': [696, 2972, 3970], 'G.': [697, 1310, 1525, 1624, 1691, 2400, 2404, 2516, 2520, 2973, 3971], 'Scullion': [698, 2974, 3972], 'G.A.': [699, 2975, 3973], 'Norman': [700, 2834, 2976, 3974], 'J.': [704, 743, 771, 784, 836, 873, 906, 919, 979, 991, 1009, 1049, 1114, 1169, 1220, 1301, 1366, 1389, 1433, 1506, 1527, 1701, 1705, 1718, 1798, 1834, 1989, 2068, 2089, 2148, 2300, 2783, 2793, 2842, 2867, 2980, 3064, 3100, 3138, 3171, 3184, 3234, 3269, 3277, 3289, 3978, 4017, 4173, 4261, 4502], 'Clin.': [705, 1719, 1835, 1990, 2981, 3979], 'Investig.': [706, 1720, 1836, 1991, 2982, 3980], '113:': [708, 2984, 3982], '274-284Crossref': [709, 2985, 3983], '(599)': [712, 2988, 3986], 'Scholar)': [714, 791, 1439, 2852, 2888, 4281, 4511], 'triggers': [715], 'increased': [716, 1206, 1284, 1377], 'Thr-172': [719, 891, 1022, 1156], 'loop': [723], 'subunit,': [727], 'causing': [728], '>100-fold': [729], '(5Suter': [731, 861], 'Riek': [733, 863], 'U.': [734, 738, 864, 868, 940, 1398, 2671], 'Tuerk': [735, 865], 'R.': [736, 866, 973, 1076, 1595, 1649, 1693, 2396, 2402, 2512, 2518, 2629, 2649, 2660], 'Schlattner': [737, 867, 939], 'Wallimann': [739, 869, 941], 'Neumann': [741, 871, 937], 'Biol.': [744, 785, 874, 920, 948, 1115, 1170, 2090, 2844, 3139, 3185, 3207, 4180], 'Chem.': [745, 875, 1116, 1171, 2091, 3140], '2006;': [746, 876, 1172, 2204, 2417, 2533, 4181, 4443], '281:': [747, 877, 1173], '32207-32216Abstract': [748, 878], '(369)': [756, 886], 'was': [761, 1425, 1471, 1560, 1679, 1927, 2446, 2623, 2678, 2759, 2994, 3115, 3159, 3194, 3254, 3313, 3336, 3355, 3406, 3424, 3476, 3536, 3558, 3569, 3599, 3811, 3836, 3861, 3875, 3890, 3910, 3933, 3953, 3990, 4028, 4072, 4099, 4125, 4138, 4388, 4393], 'previously': [762, 2627, 3048, 3198, 3224, 3267, 3961, 4007, 4161, 4423, 4492], 'thought': [763], 'promote': [766], '(6Hawley': [768, 903, 3168], 'Boudeau': [770, 905, 978, 2782, 3170], 'Reid': [772, 907, 3172], 'J.L.': [773, 908, 3173], 'Mustard': [774, 909, 1044, 2143, 2862, 3174], 'K.J.': [775, 910, 1045, 1338, 1478, 2144, 2863, 3175], 'Udd': [776, 911, 982, 3176], 'L.': [777, 912, 983, 1047, 1254, 1256, 1825, 1980, 2146, 2188, 2202, 2390, 2506, 2839, 2865, 3177, 3271, 4427, 4441], 'Makela': [778, 913, 3178], 'T.P.': [779, 914, 985, 3179], 'Alessi': [780, 915, 988, 1006, 2790, 3061, 3180, 3231, 3284, 4499], 'D.R.': [781, 916, 989, 1007, 2791, 3062, 3181, 3232, 4500], '2003;': [786, 921, 949, 3186], '2:': [787, 922, 1059, 1090, 2158, 2877, 3187], '28Crossref': [788, 923, 3188], 'inhibit': [794], 'dephosphorylation': [795, 824, 2010], '(7Davies': [796, 2998], 'S.P.': [797, 1078, 1166, 2999, 3131, 3204], 'Helps': [798, 3000], 'N.R.': [799, 3001], 'Cohen': [800, 3002, 3286], 'P.T.W.': [801, 3003], 'FEBS': [804, 1347, 1487, 3006, 3105], 'Lett.': [805, 1348, 1488, 3007, 3106], '1995;': [806, 1368, 1508, 1528, 3008], '377:': [807, 3009], '421-425Crossref': [808, 3010], '(492)': [811, 3013], 'Scholar),': [813, 961, 1227, 1283, 1325, 1375, 1408, 2104, 2169, 3153], 'although': [814], 'recent': [815], 'suggest': [817], 'exclusively': [822], '(8Sanders': [825], 'M.J.': [826, 1391], 'Grondin': [827], 'P.O.': [828], 'Hegarty': [829], 'B.D.': [830], 'Snowden': [831], 'M.A.': [832, 1620], '403:': [838], '139-148Crossref': [839], '(517)': [842], 'causes': [848], 'further': [850, 3393, 3867, 3895], 'phosphorylated': [855, 1026], 'up': [858, 4074, 4091], '10-fold': [860], 'most': [894], 'catalyzed': [896, 1031], 'tumor': [899], 'suppressor': [900], '9Woods': [927], 'A.': [928, 1072, 1400, 1653, 2398, 2514, 2632, 2787, 3052, 3060, 3096, 3129], 'Johnstone': [929, 1081], 'S.R.': [930, 1082], 'Dickerson': [931, 1073], 'K.': [932, 1001, 1074, 2226, 2406, 2522, 3050, 3226, 4165, 4259, 4267, 4494], 'Leiper': [933], 'F.C.': [934], 'Fryer': [935], 'L.G.': [936], 'Carlson': [943, 1083, 1167], 'Curr.': [947], '13:': [950], '2004-2008Abstract': [951], '(1315)': [959], 'appears': [963], 'constitutively': [966], 'active': [967], '(10Lizcano': [968], 'J.M.': [969, 1107, 1358, 1383, 1498, 1622, 4167], 'Göransson': [970], 'O.': [971, 1003, 1657, 1659, 3228, 4269, 4496], 'Toth': [972], 'Deak': [974, 2784], 'Morrice': [976, 2788], 'N.A.': [977], 'Mäkelä': [984], 'EMBO': [990, 3063, 4016], '23:': [993], '833-843Crossref': [994], '(1042)': [997], '11Sakamoto': [1000], 'Goransson': [1002, 3227, 4495], 'Am.': [1008, 1219, 1300, 1432, 3233, 4501], 'Physiol.': [1010, 1221, 1302, 1434, 3235, 4503], '287:': [1012, 3237, 4505], 'E310-E317Crossref': [1013, 3238, 4506], '(27)': [1016, 3241, 4509], 'In': [1019], 'some': [1020, 2344], 'can': [1023, 1136], 'Ca2+-mediated': [1029], 'process': [1030], 'kinases': [1036, 2016, 3253], 'such': [1037, 1204, 1546], 'as': [1038, 1152, 1154, 1205, 1547, 2255, 2257, 2552, 2568, 2589, 2625, 2771, 2893, 2962, 2996, 3046, 3117, 3119, 3161, 3196, 3222, 3265, 3955, 3959, 4005, 4159, 4284, 4305, 4403, 4421, 4490], 'CaMKKβ': [1039, 2855], '(12Hawley': [1040, 2139, 2858], 'Pan': [1042, 2141, 2860], 'D.A.': [1043, 2142, 2861], 'Ross': [1046, 2145, 2864, 4010], 'Bain': [1048, 2147, 2866], 'Edelman': [1050, 2149, 2868], 'A.M.': [1051, 2150, 2869], 'Frenguelli': [1052, 2151, 2870], 'B.G.': [1053, 2152, 2871], '9-19Abstract': [1060, 2159, 2878], '(1259)': [1068, 2167, 2886], '13Woods': [1071], 'Heath': [1075], 'Hong': [1077, 1165], 'Momcilovic': [1079], '21-33Abstract': [1091], '(1053)': [1099], '14Hurley': [1102], 'R.L.': [1103], 'Anderson': [1104], 'Franzone': [1106], 'Kemp': [1108], 'B.E.': [1109], 'Means': [1110], 'A.R.': [1111], 'Witters': [1112], 'L.A.': [1113], '280:': [1118], '29060-29066Abstract': [1119], '(802)': [1127], 'kinase-1': [1134], '(TAK1)': [1135], 'activate': [1138, 1466, 1682, 2003, 2110], 'Saccharomyces': [1140], 'cerevisiae': [1141], 'homologue': [1142], '(the': [1145], 'SNF1': [1146], 'complex)': [1147], 'when': [1148], 'overexpressed': [1149], 'yeast,': [1151], 'well': [1153, 2256], 'mammalian': [1158], 'cell-free': [1161, 2020, 2614], 'assays': [1162, 2021, 2615, 3214], '(15Momcilovic': [1163], '25336-25343Abstract': [1174], '(375)': [1182], 'It': [1185, 1919, 2000], 'remains': [1186], 'unclear': [1187], 'whether': [1188], 'any': [1191], 'relevance': [1193], 'vivo.Most': [1195], 'changes': [1199, 2121], 'induced': [1200], 'activation,': [1203], 'glucose': [1207, 2468], 'uptake': [1208, 1777, 1960], 'into': [1209, 1781, 2937, 3338, 3539], '(16Merrill': [1211, 1292], 'G.M.': [1212, 1293], 'Kurth': [1213, 1294], 'E.': [1214, 1295, 1628, 2064, 2082, 2414, 2530, 2652], 'Winder': [1217, 1298], 'W.W.': [1218, 1299, 1429], '1997;': [1222, 1303, 1318], '273:': [1223, 1304], 'E1107-E1112Crossref': [1224, 1305], 'decreased': [1228], 'gluconeogenesis': [1229, 1888], 'liver': [1231, 1291, 1331, 1857, 1892, 1935, 3081, 3166, 3582], '(17Lochhead': [1232], 'P.A.': [1233], 'Salt': [1234, 3097, 3201], 'I.P.': [1235, 3202], 'Walker': [1236], 'K.S.': [1237], 'Sutherland': [1240], 'C.': [1241, 1815, 1970, 2228, 2296, 2298], 'Diabetes.': [1242, 1610, 1635, 1662, 2030, 2203, 4442], '2000;': [1243, 2069, 2092, 3208], '49:': [1244], '896-903Crossref': [1245], '(338)': [1248], '18Koo': [1251], 'S.H.': [1252, 1901], 'Flechner': [1253], 'Qi': [1255], 'Zhang': [1257, 1818, 1973], 'X.': [1258, 1699, 2088], 'Screaton': [1259], 'R.A.': [1260, 1821, 1905, 1976], 'Jeffries': [1261], 'S.': [1262, 1264, 1399, 1661, 1819, 1974, 2672, 3283, 4255, 4271], 'Hedrick': [1263], 'Xu': [1265], 'W.': [1266, 2388, 2504], 'Boussouar': [1267], 'F.': [1268, 1342, 1482, 2198, 4437], 'Brindle': [1269], 'P.': [1270, 1601, 2408, 2410, 2524, 2526, 2637, 3287], 'Takemori': [1271], 'H.': [1272, 1381, 1582, 1793, 2224, 2640, 3279, 4257], 'Montminy': [1273, 1906], 'Nature.': [1275], '437:': [1277], '1109-1111Crossref': [1278], '(783)': [1281], 'fatty': [1285, 1327, 2490], 'acid': [1286, 1328, 2281, 2491], 'oxidation': [1287], '19Velasco': [1309], 'Geelen': [1311], 'M.J.H.': [1312], 'Guzman': [1313], 'Arch.': [1315], 'Biophys.': [1317], '337:': [1319], '169-175Crossref': [1320], '(100)': [1323], 'deceased': [1326], 'synthesis': [1329], 'adipose': [1333], 'tissue': [1334], '(20Sullivan': [1335, 1475], 'J.E.': [1336, 1476], 'Brocklehurst': [1337, 1477], 'Marley': [1339, 1479], 'A.E.': [1340, 1480, 2025], 'Carey': [1341, 1481], 'Beri': [1345, 1485, 3132], 'R.K.': [1346, 1486, 3133], '1994;': [1349, 1489], '353:': [1350, 1490], '33-36Crossref': [1351, 1491], '(410)': [1354, 1494], '21Corton': [1357, 1497], 'Gillespie': [1359, 1499], 'J.G.': [1360, 1500], 'Eur.': [1365, 1505], '229:': [1369, 1509], '558-565Crossref': [1370, 1510], '(1018)': [1373, 1513], 'mitochondrial': [1378], 'biogenesis': [1379], '(22Zong': [1380], 'Ren': [1382], 'Young': [1384, 1606], 'L.H.': [1385, 1607], 'Pypaert': [1386], 'Mu': [1388], 'Birnbaum': [1390], 'Shulman': [1392, 1608], 'G.I.': [1393, 1609], 'Proc.': [1394], 'Natl.': [1395], 'Acad.': [1396], '2002;': [1401, 1586, 1636, 1663, 1802, 2031, 2794, 2845], '99:': [1402, 3209], '15983-15987Crossref': [1403], '(816)': [1406], 'would': [1409, 1936, 2324], 'desirable': [1411], 'outcomes': [1412], 'treatment': [1415, 1449, 1739, 2133, 2330], 'type': [1417, 1741, 2332], '2': [1418, 1742, 2333, 3636, 3699, 4534, 4559], 'diabetes': [1419, 2334], 'syndrome.': [1423], 'therefore': [1426, 2310, 2602], 'proposed': [1427], '(23Winder': [1428], '1999;': [1435], '277:': [1436], 'E1-E10PubMed': [1437], 'promising': [1443], 'target': [1444], 'drugs': [1446], 'aimed': [1447], 'these': [1451], 'common': [1452], 'conditions,': [1453], 'essentially': [1456], 'disorders': [1457], 'balance.': [1460], 'first': [1462, 1735], 'drug': [1463, 1733, 1758, 1780, 1884, 2316, 2554], 'shown': [1464, 1561, 1680], 'riboside': [1473], '(AICAR)': [1474], '24Henin': [1516], 'N.': [1517, 1647, 1709, 1711, 1903, 2084, 2190, 2194, 2392, 2508, 2789, 3275, 4429, 4433], 'Vincent': [1518], 'M.F.': [1519, 1713], 'Gruber': [1520], 'H.E.': [1521], 'Van': [1522], 'den': [1523], 'Berghe': [1524], 'FASEB': [1526], '9:': [1529], '541-546Crossref': [1530], '(220)': [1533], 'When': [1536, 2448], 'administered': [1537, 2449], 'rodent': [1539, 2180], 'models': [1540], 'obesity': [1542], 'insulin': [1544], 'resistance': [1545], 'ob/ob': [1549, 2451], 'mouse,': [1550], 'fa/fa': [1552], 'rat,': [1553, 1558], 'high': [1556], 'fat-fed': [1557], 'AICAR': [1559], 'reverse': [1563], 'many': [1564, 2455], 'their': [1566, 2346], 'abnormalities': [1568], '(25Song': [1569], 'X.M.': [1570], 'Fiedler': [1571], 'Galuska': [1573], 'Ryder': [1575], 'Fernström': [1577], 'Chibalin': [1579], 'A.V.': [1580], 'Wallberg-Henriksson': [1581], 'Zierath': [1583], 'J.R.': [1584], 'Diabetologia.': [1585], '45:': [1587], '56-65Crossref': [1588], '(171)': [1591], '26Bergeron': [1594], 'Previs': [1596], 'S.F.': [1597], 'Cline': [1598], 'G.W.': [1599], 'Perret': [1600], 'Russell': [1602], 'R.R.': [1603], 'II': [1604], 'I': [1605, 2056], '2001;': [1611, 1721], '50:': [1612], '1076-1082Crossref': [1613], '(252)': [1616], '27Iglesias': [1619], 'Ye': [1621], 'Frangioudakis': [1623], 'Saha': [1625], 'A.K.': [1626], 'Tomas': [1627], 'Ruderman': [1629], 'N.B.': [1630], 'Cooney': [1631], 'G.J.': [1632], 'Kraegen': [1633], 'E.W.': [1634], '51:': [1637, 1664, 2032], '2886-2894Crossref': [1638], '(251)': [1641], '28Buhl': [1644], 'E.S.': [1645], 'Jessen': [1646], 'Pold': [1648], 'Ledet': [1650], 'Flyvbjerg': [1652], 'Pedersen': [1654, 1656], 'S.B.': [1655], 'Schmitz': [1658], 'Lund': [1660], '2199-2206Crossref': [1665], '(206)': [1668], 'At': [1671], 'around': [1672], 'same': [1674, 3773], 'time,': [1675], 'biguanide': [1677], 'metformin': [1678, 1874, 1940, 2040, 2184], 'vivo': [1689], '(29Zhou': [1690], 'Myers': [1692], 'Li': [1694], 'Y.': [1695, 1697, 1791, 1797, 1811, 1966], 'Chen': [1696], 'Shen': [1698], 'Fenyk-Melody': [1700], 'Wu': [1702], 'Ventre': [1704], 'Doebber': [1706], 'Fujii': [1708], 'Musi': [1710], 'Hirshman': [1712], 'Goodyear': [1714], 'L.J.': [1715], 'Moller': [1716], 'D.E.': [1717], '108:': [1722], '1167-1174Crossref': [1723], '(4335)': [1726], 'Metformin': [1729], 'currently': [1731], 'choice': [1736], 'diabetes,': [1743], 'being': [1744], 'prescribed': [1745], 'least': [1748], '120': [1749, 4084], 'million': [1750], 'people': [1751], 'worldwide.': [1752], 'therapeutic': [1754], 'primarily': [1760], 'liver,': [1763], 'probably': [1764], 'because': [1765], 'transporter': [1771, 1964], 'resulting': [1773], 'more': [1775, 2043, 2259, 2322, 2326, 2442], 'rapid': [1776, 3409], 'than': [1783, 1933, 2339, 2360], '(30Wang': [1786], 'D.S.': [1787], 'Jonker': [1788], 'Kato': [1790], 'Kusuhara': [1792], 'Schinkel': [1794], 'A.H.': [1795], 'Sugiyama': [1796], 'Exp.': [1800], 'Ther.': [1801], '302:': [1803], '510-515Crossref': [1804], '(374)': [1807], '31Shu': [1810], 'Sheardown': [1812, 1967], 'Brown': [1814, 1969], 'Owen': [1816, 1971], 'R.P.': [1817, 1972], 'Castro': [1820, 1975], 'Ianculescu': [1822, 1977], 'A.G.': [1823, 1978], 'Yue': [1824, 1979], 'Lo': [1826, 1981], 'J.C.': [1827, 1982], 'Burchard': [1828, 1983], 'E.G.': [1829, 1984], 'Brett': [1830, 1985], 'C.M.': [1831, 1986], 'Giacomini': [1832, 1987], 'K.M.': [1833, 1988], '117:': [1838, 1993], '1422-1431Crossref': [1839, 1994], '(738)': [1842, 1997], 'Recent': [1845], 'studies': [1846, 3017], 'involving': [1847], 'mice': [1848, 3040, 4156, 4251, 4418], 'could': [1852], 'activated': [1855, 2318], 'due': [1858, 1952], 'tissue-specific': [1861], 'knock-out': [1862, 4416], 'kinase,': [1866], 'revealed': [1868], 'anti-hyperglycemic': [1871], 'were': [1875, 2380, 2687, 2720, 2749, 2769, 2807, 2889, 2912, 2949, 2958, 3018, 3041, 3220, 3347, 3363, 3389, 3497, 3527, 3619, 3640, 3674, 3696, 3728, 3742, 3749, 3791, 3804, 4052, 4114, 4131, 4157, 4190, 4222, 4252, 4303, 4374, 4408, 4456, 4468, 4476, 4488], 'abolished,': [1876], 'suggesting': [1877], 'repress': [1887], 'via': [1889], '(32Shaw': [1894], 'R.J.': [1895], 'Lamia': [1896], 'Vasquez': [1898], 'Koo': [1900], 'Bardeesy': [1902], 'Depinho': [1904], 'Cantley': [1908], 'L.C.': [1909], 'Science.': [1910], '310:': [1912], '1642-1646Crossref': [1913], '(1538)': [1916], 'possible': [1921], 'effective': [1929, 1947], 'organs': [1931], 'additional': [1938], 'efficacy.Although': [1939], 'relatively': [1942], 'safe,': [1943], 'all': [1949], 'patients,': [1950], 'perhaps': [1951], 'variability': [1954], 'efficiency': [1957], 'hepatic': [1959, 2473], 'OCT1': [1963, 2220], '(31Shu': [1965], 'does': [2001, 2564], 'affect': [2006], 'phosphatases': [2018], '(33Hawley': [2022], 'Gadalla': [2024], 'Olsen': [2026], 'G.S.': [2027], '2420-2425Crossref': [2033], '(570)': [2036], 'potent': [2044, 2443], 'biguanide,': [2045], 'phenformin,': [2046], 'been': [2049, 2176], 'reported': [2050, 2177, 2381], 'inhibitors': [2053], 'complex': [2055, 3158, 3167], 'respiratory': [2059, 2239, 2357], 'chain': [2060, 2240, 2358], '(34Owen': [2061], 'M.R.': [2062], 'Doran': [2063], 'Halestrap': [2065], 'A.P.': [2066], '348:': [2070], '607-614Crossref': [2071], '(1590)': [2074], '35El-Mir': [2077], 'M.Y.': [2078], 'Nogueira': [2079], 'V.': [2080], 'Fontaine': [2081], 'Averet': [2083], 'Rigoulet': [2085], 'Leverve': [2087], '275:': [2093], '223-228Abstract': [2094], '(1041)': [2102], 'suggests': [2106], 'they': [2108], 'may': [2109, 2244, 2350, 2555], 'indirectly': [2112], 'decreasing': [2114], 'ATP': [2116, 2126, 2173], 'increasing': [2118], 'AMP.': [2119], 'Significant': [2120], 'AMP:': [2125], 'ratio': [2127], 'indeed': [2129], 'readily': [2130], 'detected': [2131], 'after': [2132, 2439, 3785], 'cultured': [2135, 3364, 3390, 4191, 4223, 4283, 4289], 'phenformin': [2138, 2719], 'decreases': [2171, 2465, 2471, 2475, 2495], 'recently': [2175, 2382], 'treated': [2182, 2285, 4304], '(36Guigas': [2185, 4424], 'B.': [2186, 2200, 2384, 2386, 2500, 2502, 2655, 4177, 4425, 4439], 'Bertrand': [2187, 4426], 'Taleux': [2189, 4428], 'Foretz': [2191, 4174, 4430], 'Wiernsperger': [2193, 4432], 'Vertommen': [2195, 4434], 'Andreelli': [2197, 4436], 'Viollet': [2199, 4176, 4438], 'Hue': [2201, 4440], '55:': [2205, 4444], '865-874Crossref': [2206, 4445], '(158)': [2209, 4448], 'Intestinal': [2212], 'epithelial': [2213], 'transporters': [2217], 'family': [2221], '(Oct1–3': [2222], '(37Koepsell': [2223], 'Lips': [2225], 'Volk': [2227], 'Pharm.': [2229], 'Res.': [2230], 'Scholar)),': [2234], 'gut': [2243, 2292], 'responsible': [2246], 'unpleasant': [2249], 'gastrointestinal': [2250], 'side': [2251, 2261, 2347], 'biguanides,': [2254, 2341], 'dangerous': [2260], 'lactic': [2264, 2280], 'acidosis': [2265], 'led': [2267], 'withdrawal': [2270], 'phenformin.': [2272], 'There': [2273], 'evidence': [2275], 'much': [2277], 'produced': [2282], 'animals': [2284], 'biguanides': [2287], 'derived': [2289], '(38Bailey': [2293], 'C.J.': [2294], 'Wilcock': [2295], 'Day': [2297], 'Br.': [2299], '1992;': [2302], '105:': [2303], '1009-1013Crossref': [2304], '(103)': [2307], 'Scholar).It': [2309], 'seems': [2311], 'quite': [2312], 'likely': [2313], 'system': [2321, 3801], 'efficacious': [2327], 'syndrome': [2338], 'while': [2342], 'avoiding': [2343], 'effects,': [2348], 'related': [2352], 'rather': [2359], 'per': [2365, 3471, 4370], 'se.': [2366], 'screen': [2371], '>700,000': [2373], 'compounds': [2374], 'designed': [2375], 'detect': [2377], 'activators': [2379], '(39Cool': [2383, 2499], 'Zinker': [2385, 2501], 'Chiou': [2387, 2503], 'Kifle': [2389, 2505], 'Cao': [2391, 2507], 'Perham': [2393, 2509], 'Dickinson': [2395, 2511], 'Adler': [2397, 2513], 'Gagne': [2399, 2515], 'Iyengar': [2401, 2517], 'Zhao': [2403, 2519], 'Marsh': [2405, 2521], 'Kym': [2407, 2523], 'Jung': [2409, 2525], 'Camp': [2411, 2527], 'H.S.': [2412, 2528], 'Frevert': [2413, 2529], '3:': [2418, 2534], '403-416Abstract': [2419, 2535], '(703)': [2427, 2543], 'thienopyridone': [2431], 'A-592017': [2432], 'emerged': [2433], 'initial': [2436], 'screen,': [2437], 'optimization,': [2440], 'activator,': [2444, 2463], 'developed.': [2447], 'mice,': [2452], 'had': [2454], 'expected': [2459], 'including': [2464], 'plasma': [2467], 'triglyceride,': [2470, 2474], 'expression': [2477], 'gluconeogenic': [2480], 'phosphoenolpyruvate': [2482], 'carboxykinase': [2483], 'glucose-6-phosphatase': [2485], 'lipogenic': [2488], 'enzyme': [2489], 'synthase,': [2492], 'even': [2494], 'weight': [2497], 'gain': [2498], 'utility': [2548], 'compound': [2551], 'limited': [2557], 'its': [2559, 2609], 'poor': [2560], 'oral': [2561], 'availability,': [2562], 'hold': [2565], 'considerable': [2566], 'promise': [2567], 'study': [2574, 2585], 'downstream': [2577], 'consequences': [2578], 'activation.': [2581], 'original': [2584, 3769], 'provided': [2586], 'little': [2587], 'information': [2588], 'exact': [2592], 'A-769662.': [2599], 'synthesized': [2603, 2624], 'now': [2607], 'addressed': [2608], 'action': [2612], 'cells.EXPERIMENTAL': [2619], 'PROCEDURESMaterials': [2620], 'Antibodies—A-769662': [2622], 'described': [2626, 2963, 2997, 3047, 3162, 3197, 3223, 3266, 3960, 4006, 4160, 4306, 4422, 4491], '(40Iyengar,': [2628], 'R.,': [2630, 2638], 'Judd,': [2631], 'S.,': [2633], 'Zhao,': [2634, 2646], 'G.,': [2635, 2645], 'Kym,': [2636], 'Sham,': [2639], 'L.,': [2641, 2656], 'Gu,': [2642], 'Y.,': [2643], 'Liu,': [2644], 'H.,': [2647], 'Clark,': [2648], 'E.,': [2650], 'Frevert,': [2651], 'U.,': [2653], 'Cool,': [2654], 'Zhang,': [2657], 'T.,': [2658], 'Keyes,': [2659], 'F.,': [2661], 'Hansen,': [2662], 'M.,': [2664], 'Xin,': [2666], 'Z.': [2667], '(February': [2668], '17,': [2669], '2005)': [2670], 'Patent': [2673], '0038068': [2674], 'A1Google': [2675], 'STO-609': [2677], 'Tocris': [2680], '(Ellisville,': [2681], 'Missouri).': [2682], 'Protein': [2683], 'G-Sepharose': [2684], '[γ-32P]ATP': [2686], 'Amersham': [2689], 'Biosciences': [2690], '(Little': [2691], 'Chalfont,': [2692], 'UK),': [2693, 2703, 2710], 'Protease': [2694], 'inhibitor': [2695, 3465, 4363], 'mixture': [2696, 3084, 3466, 4364], 'tablets': [2697], 'Roche': [2699], 'Applied': [2700, 3469, 4366], 'Science': [2701], '(Lewes,': [2702], 'precast': [2704], 'SDS-polyacrylamide': [2705], 'gels': [2706, 3796], 'Invitrogen': [2708], '(Paisley,': [2709], 'phosphocellulose': [2711], 'P81': [2712], 'paper': [2713], 'Whatman,': [2715], 'ionomycin': [2717], 'Sigma': [2722], '(Poole,': [2723], 'Dorset,': [2724], 'UK).': [2725, 2757], 'Anti': [2726], 'pan-AMPKα': [2727], '(anti-AMPK,': [2728], 'catalog': [2729, 2734, 2739, 2745], 'number': [2730, 2735, 2740, 2746, 2765], '2532),': [2731], 'phospho-AMPK': [2732], '(anti-pT172,': [2733], '2535),': [2736], 'pan-ACC': [2737], '(anti-ACC,': [2738], '3661),': [2741], 'phospho-ACC': [2743], '(anti-pACC,': [2744], '3662)': [2747], 'antibodies': [2748, 2768, 2777], 'Signaling': [2752], 'Technology': [2753], '(New': [2754], 'England': [2755], 'Biolabs,': [2756], 'Anti-TAK1': [2758], 'Santa': [2761], 'Cruz': [2762], 'Biotechnology': [2763], '(catalog': [2764], 'sc-7162).': [2766], 'Anti-GST': [2767, 3845], 'purified': [2770, 2892, 2961, 3116, 3160, 3991], 'by-product': [2773], 'production': [2775], 'against': [2778], 'GST·LKB1': [2779], '(41Sapkota': [2780], 'G.P.': [2781], 'Kieloch': [2786], '362:': [2795], '481-490Crossref': [2796], '(79)': [2799], 'Antibodies': [2802], 'recognizing': [2803], 'S-transferase': [2805], '(GST)': [2806], 'removed': [2808, 3498, 3600], 'anti-GST·LKB1': [2811], 'antiserum': [2812], 'using': [2813, 3320, 3382, 3992, 4140, 4399], 'immobilized': [2815], 'GST': [2816, 2818, 2955, 3957, 3995], 'column.': [2817], 'fusions': [2819], 'α1': [2823, 2896, 2903, 2922, 3087], 'domain': [2825, 2898, 2905, 2909, 3304], '(1–312,': [2826], 'wild': [2827], 'type,': [2828], 'T172D': [2830], 'mutant)': [2831], '(42Scott': [2832], 'Kontogiannis': [2838], 'Mol.': [2843, 3206, 4178], '317:': [2846], '309-323Crossref': [2847], '(138)': [2850], 'human': [2854], 'bacteria': [2857], 'expressed': [2890, 2959, 3356, 3954], 'described.': [2894], 'Rat': [2895], '(residues': [2899, 2910, 3311], '1–310)': [2900], 'plus': [2906], '1–333)': [2911], 'amplified': [2913, 3314], 'PCR': [2915], 'plasmid': [2918, 3319], 'expressing': [2919], 'full-length': [2921], '(sense': [2924, 3328], 'oligonucleotide,': [2925, 2929, 2933], '5′-acctcggaattcgcgagaagcagaagc-3′;': [2926], '312': [2927], 'antisense': [2928, 2932, 3330], '5′-tggtttctgctcgagaggcagctgagg-3′;': [2930], '332': [2931], '5′-ggctctcgagattattctcctgttgtc-3′)': [2934], 'inserted': [2936], 'EcoRI/XhoI': [2939], 'sites': [2940, 3327, 3615], 'pGEX6P2': [2943, 3340], 'vector': [2944, 3341], '(GE': [2945, 3342, 3488, 3556, 3998, 4038, 4087], 'Healthcare).': [2946], 'Positive': [2947], 'clones': [2948, 3346], 'confirmed': [2950, 3348], 'DNA': [2952, 3350], 'sequencing.': [2953, 3351], 'Both': [2954], 'recombinant': [2956], 'proteins': [2957, 3496], 'Recombinant': [2991], 'phosphatase-2Cα': [2993], 'obtained': [2995], 'Scholar).Animals—All': [3015], 'animal': [3016], 'approved': [3019], 'University': [3022], 'Dundee': [3024], 'Ethics': [3025], 'Committee': [3026], 'performed': [3028, 3221], 'according': [3029], 'UK': [3032], 'Animals': [3033], '(Scientific': [3034], 'Procedures)': [3035], 'Act': [3036], '1986.': [3037], 'Muscle-specific': [3038], 'LKB1-deficient': [3039], 'generated,': [3042], 'bred,': [3043], 'genotyped': [3045], '(43Sakamoto': [3049], 'McCarthy': [3051], 'Smith': [3053], 'Ashworth': [3059], '24:': [3066], '1810-1820Crossref': [3067], '(438)': [3070], 'Scholar).Preparations': [3072, 3243], 'Upstream': [3076], 'Kinases': [3077], 'Assays—Rat': [3080], '(a': [3083], 'α2': [3089], 'isoforms': [3090], 'β1': [3092, 3309, 3318], 'γ1': [3094], '(44Woods': [3095], 'I.': [3098, 3281], 'Scott': [3099], '1996;': [3107, 3141], '397:': [3108], '347-351Crossref': [3109], '(230)': [3112], 'Scholar))': [3114], 'far': [3118], 'gel': [3121], 'filtration': [3122], 'step': [3123], '(45Hawley': [3124], 'Davison': [3126], 'Woods': [3128], 'Davies': [3130, 3203], '271:': [3142], '27879-27887Abstract': [3143], '(995)': [3151], 'testis': [3156], 'activity': [3193], 'assayed': [3195, 3257], '(46Hardie': [3199], 'Methods': [3205], '63-75PubMed': [3210], 'Immunoprecipitate': [3213], 'cell': [3218, 3404, 3422], 'lysates': [3219], '(11Sakamoto': [3225, 4493], 'Assays': [3245, 3299], 'Other': [3247], 'Kinases—The': [3248], 'panel': [3249], '76': [3251], 'prepared': [3255, 4409, 4555], 'presence': [3260, 4545], 'absence': [3262, 4547], '(47Bain': [3268], 'Cummings': [3270], 'Elliot': [3272], 'Shpiro': [3274], 'Hastie': [3276], 'McLaughlan': [3278], 'Klevernic': [3280], 'Arthur': [3282], '(in': [3291, 3847], 'press)Google': [3292], 'Scholar).Creation': [3293], 'GST·GBD': [3296, 3353, 3526, 3535], 'Fusion': [3297], 'Glycogen': [3301, 3568], 'Binding—The': [3302], '(GBD)': [3305], '65–182)': [3312], 'pcDNA3-rat': [3317], 'primers': [3321], 'incorporating': [3322], 'SalI': [3323], 'EcoRI': [3325], 'restriction': [3326], '5′-ctagaattcacgacctcgaggtgaatgag-3′,': [3329], '5′-ccaagactggacagctcagatacatcgg-3′).': [3331], 'SalI/EcoRI': [3333], 'digested': [3334], 'product': [3335], 'cloned': [3337], 'Healthcare),': [3343, 4039], 'positive': [3345], 'fusion': [3354, 3958], 'Escherichia': [3358], 'coli': [3359], '(BL21,': [3360], 'Invitrogen).': [3361], 'Cells': [3362, 3388, 4288], 'LB': [3366], 'ampicillin': [3367], '37': [3369], '°C': [3370, 3721, 4378], 'prior': [3371, 3398, 3764, 3778], 'induction': [3373], 'expression,': [3376], 'A600': [3379], '0.6,': [3381], '1': [3383, 3442, 3446, 3449, 3458, 3513, 3565, 3576, 3624, 3723, 3814, 3868, 3896, 3925, 4216, 4329, 4332, 4339, 4357, 4539], 'mm': [3384, 3435, 3438, 3443, 3447, 3450, 3453, 3456, 3459, 3506, 3511, 3514, 3521, 3566, 3589, 3610, 3681, 3686, 3712, 3717, 3757, 3762, 3822, 3827, 4056, 4062, 4217, 4325, 4330, 4333, 4340, 4344, 4348, 4351, 4358, 4517, 4520, 4523, 4526, 4529, 4535, 4553, 4560], 'isopropyl-1-thio-β-d-galactopyranoside': [3385], '(Melford': [3386], 'Laboratories).': [3387], '4': [3394, 3553, 3595, 3720, 3839, 4377], 'h': [3395, 3815, 3869, 3897, 4540], '37°C': [3397, 4542], 'harvesting': [3400], 'centrifugation.': [3402], 'pellet': [3405, 3790], 'lysed': [3407, 4316], 'freezing': [3410], 'subsequent': [3412], 'grinding': [3413], 'fine': [3416], 'powder': [3417, 3855], 'liquid': [3419], 'N2.': [3420], 'lysate': [3423, 3475], 'then': [3425, 3570, 3641, 3729, 3750, 3891], 'resuspended': [3426, 3676, 3789, 4065], 'minimal': [3429], 'volume': [3430, 3577, 3625, 3706, 3770, 4119], 'sucrose': [3432, 3492], 'buffer': [3433, 3504, 3541, 3544, 3800, 4323, 4515], '(0.27': [3434], 'sucrose,': [3436, 4356], '50': [3437, 3455, 3472, 3579, 3680, 3692, 3711, 3756, 4055, 4347, 4371], 'Tris,': [3439, 3507], 'pH': [3440, 3508, 3591, 3612, 3630, 3652, 3667, 3683, 3714, 3759, 3824, 4059, 4327, 4531], '7.5,': [3441, 3509, 3684, 3715, 3760, 3825, 4328], 'sodium': [3444, 3665, 4057, 4218, 4341, 4345, 4352, 4536], 'vanadate,': [3445], 'EDTA,': [3448, 4334], 'EGTA,': [3451, 4331], '10': [3452, 3561, 3588, 3609, 3738, 3841, 3848, 4067, 4343], 'sodium-β-glycerophosphate,': [3454], 'NaF,': [3457, 4349], 'dithiothreitol,': [3460, 4359], 'one': [3462, 4368], 'EDTA-free': [3463], 'protease': [3464], 'tablet': [3467, 4369], '(Roche': [3468, 4365], 'Science)': [3470], 'ml).': [3473], 'clarified': [3477], 'centrifugation': [3479], 'applied': [3481], '5-ml': [3484, 3994], 'GSTrap': [3485], 'FF': [3486, 3996], 'column': [3487, 3997], 'Healthcare)': [3489, 3557, 3999, 4088], 'pre-equilibrated': [3490], 'buffer.': [3493, 3774, 4096], 'Nonspecifically': [3494], 'bound': [3495], 'extensive': [3500], 'washing': [3501, 3602], 'wash': [3503, 3540], '(50': [3505, 3821, 4324], '200': [3510, 4061], 'NaCl,': [3512, 3656, 4518], 'dithiothreitol)': [3515], 'eluted': [3518], '20': [3520, 3923], 'reduced': [3522], 'glutathione.': [3523], 'Fractions': [3524], 'containing': [3525, 4298, 4533], 'identified': [3528], 'assay': [3531, 4034, 4081], 'SDS-PAGE': [3533], 'analysis.': [3534, 3745], 'dialyzed': [3537], 'overnight': [3538, 3593, 4458], 'changes.': [3545], 'To': [3546], 'make': [3547], 'glycogen-Sepharose': [3549, 3726, 3747], 'column,': [3550], 'CNBr-activated': [3551], 'Sepharose': [3552, 3618], 'Fast': [3554], 'Flow': [3555], 'washed': [3559, 3642, 3751, 3837, 3876, 3912, 4053], 'volumes': [3562, 3607, 3647, 3661], 'cold': [3564, 4045], 'HCl.': [3567], 'coupled': [3572], 'incubation': [3574, 3622, 3780, 4484], 'mg/ml': [3580, 4210, 4244], 'bovine': [3581, 4203, 4233, 4301, 4400], '(Type': [3583], 'IX)': [3584], '(Sigma-Aldrich)': [3586], 'KH2PO4,': [3590, 3611, 4524], '8.0,': [3592, 3631], '°C.': [3596], 'Excess': [3597], 'beads': [3604, 3639, 3673, 3695, 3727, 3748, 4037, 4051, 4082, 4130], '5': [3606, 3879, 3915, 3927, 4350], '8.0.': [3613], 'Unreacted': [3614], 'blocked': [3620, 3812], '0.1': [3627, 3649, 3663, 4076], 'm': [3628, 3650, 3655, 3664, 3670, 4355], 'Tris-HCl,': [3629, 3651, 3682, 3713, 3758, 3823, 4326], 'room': [3633, 3817, 3871, 4105], 'temperature': [3634, 3818], 'h.': [3637, 3724], '6': [3644, 3658], '×': [3645, 3659, 3840, 3878, 3914, 3926], '3': [3646, 3660, 3877, 3913], '9.0,': [3653], '0.5': [3654, 3669], 'acetate,': [3666], '4.0,': [3668], 'NaCl.': [3671, 3687], 'finally': [3675, 3911], 'stored': [3678], '150': [3685, 3708, 3716, 3761, 3826], 'For': [3688], 'assay,': [3691], 'μl': [3693, 3709, 3739, 3754, 4094, 4319], 'incubated': [3697, 3864, 3892, 4029, 4420, 4489], 'μg': [3700], 'final': [3705, 4118, 4564], 'NaCl': [3718, 3763, 4063], 'pelleted': [3730], '13,000': [3732, 4383], 'rpm': [3733], '30': [3735], 's,': [3736], 'supernatant': [3741, 3784, 4387], 'retained': [3743], '500': [3753, 4318], 'resuspension': [3766], 'bead': [3776], 'suspension': [3777], '(10': [3781], 'μl),': [3782], 'incubation,': [3786], 'analyzed': [3792], '4–12%': [3794], 'Bis-Tris': [3795], 'MOPS': [3799], '(Invitrogen).': [3802], 'Proteins': [3803], 'transferred': [3805], 'nitrocellulose': [3808], 'membrane,': [3809], 'TBS': [3820, 3851, 3882, 3918], 'NaCl)': [3828], '+': [3829, 3852, 3883, 3919], '5%': [3830, 4042], 'nonfat': [3831], 'milk': [3832, 3854], 'powder.': [3833], 'membrane': [3835, 3874, 3889, 3909, 3932], 'ml': [3842, 3849], 'TBS.': [3844, 3930], 'antibody': [3846], '1%': [3853, 4335], '0.2%': [3857, 3884, 3920], '(v/v)': [3858, 4201], 'Tween': [3859, 3886, 3922], '20)': [3860], 'added': [3862], 'temperature.': [3872], 'min': [3880, 3916, 3928, 4103, 4381], 'v/v': [3885, 3921], '20.': [3887], 'sheep': [3899], 'IgG': [3900], 'conjugated': [3901], 'IR': [3903, 3942], 'dye': [3904], '680': [3905, 3937], '(Molecular': [3906], 'Probes).': [3907], 'scanned': [3934], 'channel': [3938], 'Odyssey': [3941], 'imager.Scintillation': [3943], 'Proximity': [3944], 'Assay': [3945], 'Binding—Human': [3948], 'γ2': [3949], '(CBS': [3950], '1–4)': [3952], 'GST·γ2': [3989], 'followed': [4000], 'size': [4002], 'exclusion': [4003], 'chromatography': [4004], '(48Scott': [4008], 'F.A.': [4011], 'Liu': [4012], 'J.K.': [4013], '26:': [4019, 4182], '806-815Crossref': [4020], '(42)': [4023], 'glutathione-coupled': [4031], 'scintillation': [4032, 4079], 'proximity': [4033, 4080], 'yttrium': [4035], 'silicate': [4036], 'preblocked': [4040], 'gelatin': [4043], 'water': [4046], 'fish': [4047], 'skin': [4048], '(Sigma).': [4049], 'Hepes,': [4058], '7.4,': [4060], 'mg/ml.': [4068], 'A': [4069], '96-well': [4070], 'plate': [4071, 4098, 4124, 4137], 'set': [4073], 'mg': [4077], 'μm': [4085, 4550], '[3H]AMP': [4086], 'made': [4090], '90': [4093], 'shaken': [4100, 4126], '15': [4102, 4128, 4380], 'temperature,': [4106], 'varying': [4108], 'concentrations': [4109], 'A-7969662': [4111], 'added,': [4115], '100': [4121, 4205, 4209, 4239, 4243, 4549], 'μl.': [4122], 'min,': [4129], 'allowed': [4132], 'settle,': [4134], 'read': [4139], '1450': [4142], 'MicroBeta': [4143], 'counter': [4144], '(PerkinElmer': [4145], 'Life': [4146], 'Sciences).Cell': [4147], 'Culture—Mouse': [4148], '(MEFs)': [4151], 'AMPK-α1+/+α2+/+': [4153], 'generated': [4158, 4253], '(49Laderoute': [4162], 'K.R.': [4163], 'Amin': [4164], 'Calaoagan': [4166], 'Knapp': [4168], 'Le': [4170], 'Orduna': [4172], '5336-5347Crossref': [4183], '(362)': [4186], 'MEFs': [4189, 4246], 'standard': [4193], "Dulbecco's": [4194, 4294], 'modified': [4195, 4295], "Eagle's": [4196, 4227, 4296], 'medium': [4197, 4228, 4297], 'supplemented': [4198, 4229], '10%': [4200, 4231, 4299], 'fetal': [4202, 4232, 4300], 'serum,': [4204, 4234], 'units/ml': [4206, 4240], 'penicillin,': [4207], 'streptomycin,': [4211], 'non-essential': [4212, 4235], 'amino': [4213, 4236], 'acids,': [4214, 4237], 'pyruvate.': [4219], 'minimum': [4225], 'essential': [4226], 'penicillin': [4241], 'streptomycin.': [4245], 'TAK1+/+': [4248], '(50Sato': [4254], 'Sanjo': [4256], 'Takeda': [4258], 'Ninomiya-Tsuji': [4260], 'Yamamoto': [4262], 'Kawai': [4264], 'Matsumoto': [4266], 'Takeuchi': [4268], 'Akira': [4270], 'Nat.': [4272], 'Immunol.': [4273], '6:': [4275], '1087-1095Crossref': [4276], '(740)': [4279], 'MEFs.': [4287], '10-cm': [4291], 'dishes': [4292], 'serum': [4302, 4401], 'figure': [4309], 'legends,': [4310], 'rinsed': [4311], 'phosphate-buffered': [4313], 'saline,': [4314], 'ice-cold': [4321], 'lysis': [4322], '(w/v)': [4336], 'Nonidet': [4337], 'P-40,': [4338], 'orthovanadate,': [4342], 'β-glycerophosphate,': [4346], 'pyrophosphate,': [4353], '0.27': [4354], 'complete': [4361], 'proteinase': [4362], 'Science,': [4367], 'ml)).': [4372], 'Lysates': [4373], 'centrifuged': [4375], 'rpm,': [4384], 'collected.': [4389], 'Total': [4390], 'concentration': [4392], 'determined': [4394], 'Bradford': [4397], 'method': [4398], 'albumin': [4402], 'standard.Primary': [4404], 'Mouse': [4405, 4453], 'Hepatocytes—Primary': [4406], 'wild-type': [4411], '(AMPK-α1+/+α2+/+)': [4412], 'conditional': [4414], 'double': [4415], '(AMPK-α1–/–α2–/–)': [4417], 'Scholar).Incubation': [4450], 'Isolated': [4452], 'Skeletal': [4454], 'Muscle—Mice': [4455], 'fasted': [4457], 'sacrificed': [4460], 'cervical': [4462], 'dislocation.': [4463], 'Muscles': [4464], '(extensor': [4465], 'digitorum': [4466], 'longus)': [4467], 'rapidly': [4469], 'removed,': [4470], 'tendons': [4472], 'ends': [4475], 'tied': [4477], 'suture': [4479], 'mounted': [4481], 'apparatus.': [4485], 'muscles': [4487], 'Krebs-Ringer': [4513], 'bicarbonate': [4514], '(117': [4516], '2.5': [4519], 'CaCl2,': [4521], '1.2': [4522, 4525], 'MgSO4,': [4527], '24.6': [4528], 'NaHCO3,': [4530], '7.4)': [4532], 'pyruvate': [4537], '(100': [4552], 'stock': [4554], 'Me2SO)': [4557], 'AICAR.': [4561], 'Me2SO': [4562], '(0.1%': [4563], 'concen': [4565]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968881729', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 18}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 33}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 36}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 16}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T07:59:05.261152', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}
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