Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1968867571', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14736480490895769', 'title': "The Growth and Sectoral Composition of India's Middle Class: Its Impact on the Politics of Economic Liberalization", 'display_name': "The Growth and Sectoral Composition of India's Middle Class: Its Impact on the Politics of Economic Liberalization", 'publication_year': 2004, 'publication_date': '2004-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1968867571', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14736480490895769', 'mag': '1968867571'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14736480490895769', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S21714707', 'display_name': 'India Review', 'issn_l': '1473-6489', 'issn': ['1473-6489', '1557-3036'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319847', 'host_organization_name': 'Routledge', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Routledge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071644586', 'display_name': 'Eswaran Sridharan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'E. SRIDHARAN', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5071644586'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 11.618, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 123, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.987534, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '3', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '405', 'last_page': '428'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14473', 'display_name': 'Social and Economic Development in India', 'score': 0.9159, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14473', 'display_name': 'Social and Economic Development in India', 'score': 0.9159, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/class-formation', 'display_name': 'Class formation', 'score': 0.4842224}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94625758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163', 'display_name': 'Politics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7255062}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C58823610', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746418', 'display_name': 'Liberalization', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64511555}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40231798', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1333743', 'display_name': 'Composition (language)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6320888}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77986797', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3077416', 'display_name': 'Class formation', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4842224}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777212361', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848', 'display_name': 'Class (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46734482}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46333516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C74363100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005', 'display_name': 'Economic system', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40960935}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34323874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C34447519', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522', 'display_name': 'Market economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15660253}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.060694546}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.03970197}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1080/14736480490895769', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S21714707', 'display_name': 'India Review', 'issn_l': '1473-6489', 'issn': ['1473-6489', '1557-3036'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319847', 'host_organization_name': 'Routledge', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319847'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Routledge'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4300926213', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2786239110', 'https://openalex.org/W2367801790', 'https://openalex.org/W2322233747', 'https://openalex.org/W2027035550', 'https://openalex.org/W2016106579', 'https://openalex.org/W1993995054', 'https://openalex.org/W1974744412', 'https://openalex.org/W1489122655'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Click': [0], 'to': [1, 5, 33, 523, 859, 937, 1001, 1080, 1087, 1238], 'increase': [2], 'image': [3, 7], 'sizeClick': [4], 'decrease': [6], 'size': [8], 'Notes': [9], 'I': [10, 807, 878, 884], 'thank': [11], 'Pranab': [12, 273, 303, 319], 'Bardhan': [13], 'for': [14, 19, 31, 37, 56, 350, 593, 645, 664, 813, 898, 939, 948, 1224, 1262, 1401], 'detailed': [15, 1180], 'comments,': [16], 'Vijay': [17], 'Joshi': [18], 'useful': [20], 'conversations,': [21], 'and': [22, 28, 89, 110, 148, 158, 166, 184, 234, 243, 254, 264, 310, 334, 349, 374, 385, 425, 472, 503, 518, 536, 541, 550, 571, 597, 612, 688, 750, 789, 861, 916, 994, 1083, 1125, 1161, 1168, 1187, 1191, 1199, 1217, 1233, 1259, 1279, 1331, 1341, 1357, 1385], 'D.': [23, 468, 928, 950, 1155, 1183], 'L.': [24, 106, 125, 1156, 1184], 'Sheth,': [25, 1157, 1185], 'George': [26], 'Mathew,': [27], 'Pronab': [29], 'Sen': [30], 'pointers': [32], 'data.': [34, 604], '1': [35, 411, 1340, 1430], 'See,': [36, 1400], 'example,': [38, 79, 1402], 'Atul': [39], "Kohli's": [40], 'argument': [41], 'that': [42, 562, 650, 863, 907, 1019], 'the': [43, 46, 99, 117, 198, 226, 351, 478, 497, 516, 524, 566, 602, 634, 809, 817, 849, 880, 891, 905, 918, 953, 961, 967, 970, 997, 1008, 1015, 1020, 1042, 1052, 1058, 1067, 1110, 1242, 1271, 1389], 'growth': [44], 'of': [45, 48, 62, 98, 116, 197, 225, 258, 278, 296, 364, 383, 400, 480, 496, 515, 529, 546, 578, 595, 601, 631, 655, 668, 671, 681, 691, 708, 739, 741, 744, 748, 753, 761, 768, 771, 780, 797, 829, 865, 869, 893, 922, 946, 956, 969, 972, 980, 1014, 1023, 1062, 1103, 1106, 1109, 1118, 1121, 1159, 1163, 1256, 1300, 1324, 1346, 1391], 'number': [47], 'shareholders': [49], 'in': [50, 58, 65, 130, 152, 155, 173, 182, 229, 231, 241, 262, 280, 326, 367, 403, 422, 463, 466, 477, 501, 558, 565, 622, 633, 666, 816, 832, 845, 875, 901, 917, 926, 1036, 1045, 1057, 1142, 1147, 1194, 1230, 1236, 1247, 1267, 1362, 1388, 1420], 'India': [51, 242, 476, 582, 607, 624, 700, 1047, 1129, 1148, 1204, 1382], 'provides': [52], 'a': [53, 379, 446, 513, 689, 826, 870, 1037, 1078, 1178], 'mass': [54], 'base': [55], 'capitalism,': [57], 'Kohli,': [59, 362], '“The': [60, 169, 195, 305, 355, 398, 493, 1282], 'Politics': [61, 387, 399, 456, 1426], 'Economic': [63, 309, 365, 401, 420, 461, 481, 549, 580, 675, 719, 728, 1167, 1325, 1330, 1364, 1422], 'Liberalization': [64, 366, 373, 402, 421], 'India,"': [66], 'World': [67, 175, 428], 'Development': [68, 279, 429], 'Vol.': [69, 388, 408, 430, 783, 800, 1427], '17,': [70, 1335], 'No.': [71, 390, 410, 432, 1429], '3': [72, 138], '(March': [73, 412], '1989),': [74], 'pp.': [75, 190, 211, 252, 270, 316, 347, 394, 414, 436, 556, 615, 1123, 1152, 1175, 1211, 1312, 1337, 1372, 1413, 1433], '305–28.': [76], '2': [77, 433], 'For': [78, 512, 952, 1177, 1344], 'Erik': [80], 'Olin': [81], 'Wright,': [82, 139], 'Classes': [83, 129, 151, 228, 1251], '(London:': [84, 102], 'Verso,': [85], '1985);': [86], 'Frank': [87], 'Bechhofer': [88, 183], 'Brian': [90], 'Elliott,': [91, 185], 'eds.,': [92, 186, 237, 266, 475, 505, 1202], 'The': [93, 187, 275, 330, 629, 1298, 1359, 1394], 'Petite': [94, 188], 'Bourgeoisie:': [95], 'Comparative': [96, 386, 464, 1425], 'Studies': [97], 'Uneasy': [100], 'Stratum': [101], 'Macmillan,': [103], '1981);': [104], 'Dale': [105, 124], 'Johnson,': [107, 126, 156], 'ed.,': [108, 127, 329], 'Class': [109, 157, 239, 268, 507], 'Social': [111, 159, 248, 494, 894, 1189, 1285], 'Development:': [112], 'A': [113, 203, 544, 858, 936], 'New': [114, 896, 1164, 1284], 'Theory': [115], 'Middle': [118, 128, 199, 227, 238, 260, 267, 499, 506, 1165], 'Class(Newbury': [119], 'Park,': [120, 134], 'CA:': [121, 135], 'Sage,': [122, 136], '1982);': [123], 'Dependent': [131], 'Countries': [132], '(Newbury': [133], '1985).': [137], 'Classes,': [140], 'p.': [141, 161, 290, 298, 341, 359, 509, 591, 627, 686, 715, 724, 733, 764, 787, 804, 1126, 1136, 1291, 1318], '19.': [142], '4': [143], 'Aijaz': [144], 'Ahmad,': [145], '“Class,': [146], 'Nation': [147], 'State:': [149], 'Intermediate': [150], 'Peripheral': [153], 'Societies,”': [154], 'Development,': [160, 297], '44.': [162], '5': [163, 611], 'Chris': [164, 167], 'Gerry': [165], 'Birkbeck,': [168], 'Petty': [170], 'Commodity': [171], 'Producer': [172], 'Third': [174, 306, 356], 'Cities:': [176], 'Petit': [177], 'Bourgeois': [178], 'or': [179, 457, 1004, 1011], '‘Disguised’': [180], 'Proletarian?”': [181], 'Bourgeoisie,': [189], '121–54.': [191], '6': [192, 738], 'Satish': [193, 1143], 'Deshpande,': [194, 1144], 'Centrality': [196], 'Class,”': [200, 308, 358, 500, 1166], 'Contemporary': [201, 405, 1150, 1203], 'India:': [202, 423], 'Sociological': [204], 'View': [205], '(New': [206, 246, 284, 336, 483, 587, 678, 705, 758, 777, 794, 1115, 1205, 1306, 1367], 'Delhi:': [207, 247, 285, 337, 484, 588, 679, 706, 759, 778, 795, 1116, 1206, 1307, 1368], 'Penguin': [208, 338], 'Books,': [209, 339], '2003),': [210, 590, 763], '125–50.': [212], '7': [213], 'On': [214], 'these': [215], 'last': [216], 'two': [217, 978], 'points': [218], 'see': [219, 353, 531, 1182, 1352], 'Zoya': [220], 'Hasan,': [221], '“Changing': [222], 'Political': [223, 276, 294, 311, 376, 551, 1169, 1192, 1332], 'Orientations': [224], 'India,”': [230, 404], 'Imtiaz': [232], 'Ahmad': [233, 263, 502], 'Helmut': [235], 'Reifeld,': [236, 265, 504], 'Values': [240], 'Western': [244], 'Europe': [245], 'Science': [249], 'Press,': [250, 288, 487, 1310], '2002),': [251, 712, 1311], '152–70;': [253], 'Suhas': [255], 'Palshikar,': [256], '“Politics': [257, 363], "India's": [259, 375, 460, 1301, 1363], 'Classes,”': [261], 'Values,': [269, 508], '171–93.': [271], '8': [272], 'Bardhan,': [274, 293, 304, 320, 344, 354], 'Economy': [277, 295], 'India,': [281, 669, 718, 727, 742, 769, 1107, 1151], '4th': [282], 'ed.': [283], 'Oxford': [286, 485], 'University': [287, 486], '1994),': [289], '51.': [291], '9': [292], '51,': [299], 'n.': [300], '8.': [301], '10': [302], 'Dominant': [307, 357], 'Weekly,': [312, 552, 1170, 1333], 'January': [313], '21,': [314], '1989,': [315], '155–56.': [317], '11': [318], '“A': [321], 'Political-Economy': [322], 'Perspective': [323], 'on': [324, 526, 887, 904, 1327], 'Development,”': [325], 'Bimal': [327], 'Jalan,': [328], 'Indian': [331, 448, 498, 1243, 1328, 1421], 'Economy:': [332, 377], 'Problems': [333], 'Prospects': [335], '1992),': [340], '333.': [342], '12': [343], '“Political-Economy': [345], 'Perspective,”': [346, 465], '333–4,': [348], 'quote': [352], '156.': [360], '13': [361], 'India.”': [368], '14': [369], 'E.': [370], 'Sridharan,': [371], '“Economic': [372, 539, 1386], 'Towards': [378, 1304], 'Paradigm': [380], 'Synthesis,”': [381], 'Journal': [382], 'Commonwealth': [384], '31,': [389, 1428], '3,': [391, 1173], '(November': [392], '1993),': [393], '1–31;': [395], 'Vanita': [396], 'Shastri,': [397], 'South': [406], 'Asia': [407], '6,': [409], '1997),': [413, 799], '27–56;': [415], 'Jorgen': [416], 'Dige': [417], 'Pedersen,': [418], '“Explaining': [419], 'State': [424], 'Society': [426], 'Perspectives,”': [427], '28,': [431, 803], '(February': [434], '2000),': [435], '265–82;': [437], 'Arun': [438], 'Shourie,': [439], '“When': [440], 'Spirit': [441], 'is': [442, 568, 642, 867, 930, 1031], 'Willing,': [443], 'Flesh': [444], 'has': [445], 'Way,”': [447], 'Express,': [449], 'February': [450], '4,': [451, 614], '2004;': [452], 'Ashutosh': [453, 470], 'Varshney,': [454], '“Mass': [455], 'Elite': [458], 'Politics?': [459], 'Reforms': [462, 482, 540, 1326, 1387], 'Jeffrey': [467], 'Sachs,': [469], 'Varshney': [471], 'Nirupam': [473], 'Bajpai,': [474], 'Era': [479], '1999),': [488, 1210], '222–260.': [489], '15': [490], 'Andre': [491], 'Beteille,': [492], 'Character': [495], '76.': [510], '16': [511], 'comparison': [514], 'MISH': [517, 603], 'NSS': [519, 563], 'data': [520, 564, 663], 'with': [521], 'respect': [522], 'debate': [525], 'post-reform': [527], 'decline': [528], 'poverty,': [530], 'Deepak': [532], 'Lal,': [533], 'Rakesh': [534], 'Mohan,': [535], 'I.': [537], 'Natarajan,': [538], 'Poverty': [542], 'Alleviation:': [543], 'Tale': [545], 'Two': [547], 'Surveys,”': [548], 'March': [553, 1410], '24,': [554], '2001,': [555], '1017–28,': [557], 'which': [559], 'they': [560], 'argue': [561], '1990s': [567], 'less': [569], 'reliable': [570], 'greatly': [572], 'overstates': [573], 'poverty.': [574], '17': [575], 'National': [576], 'Council': [577], 'Applied': [579, 709], 'Research,': [581, 711], 'Market': [583, 608, 625], 'Demographics': [584], 'Report': [585, 1108], '2002': [586], 'NCAER,': [589, 606, 623], '5,': [592, 838], 'details': [594], 'coverage': [596], 'comparability': [598], 'across': [599], 'time': [600], '18': [605], 'Demographics,': [609, 626], 'Chapter': [610], 'Annex': [613], '91–9': [616], '19': [617], 'Computed': [618], 'from': [619, 836, 890], 'Table': [620, 684, 713, 722, 731, 737, 785, 837, 1134, 1339, 1342], '4.3,': [621], '22.': [628], 'distribution': [630], 'households': [632, 1076, 1086], 'five': [635], 'income': [636, 1053], 'classes': [637], 'by': [638, 934, 983, 1077], 'household': [639, 695], "head's": [640], 'occupation': [641], 'only': [643], 'available': [644, 932], '1999–2000.': [646], '20': [647], 'We': [648], 'assume': [649, 808], 'female': [651], 'employees': [652, 657, 844, 852, 923], 'are': [653, 853, 1222, 1252], 'one-sixth': [654], 'all': [656], 'as': [658, 696, 1048], 'per': [659, 694, 697], 'organized': [660], 'sector': [661, 821], 'employment': [662, 1232, 1269], '1998–99': [665, 1059], 'Government': [667, 740, 755, 767, 1105, 1120], 'Ministry': [670, 680, 743, 760, 770, 779, 796, 1102, 1117], 'Finance': [672], '(Economic': [673], 'Division),': [674], 'Survey': [676, 720, 729, 775, 792], '2003–-04': [677], 'Finance,': [682, 1104, 1119], '2004),': [683], '3.3,': [685, 723, 732], 'S-50,': [687], 'multiplier': [690], '5.6': [692], 'persons': [693], 'NCAER.': [698], '21': [699], 'Yearbook': [701, 1130], '2001:': [702, 1131], 'Manpower': [703, 710, 1132], 'Profile': [704], 'Institute': [707, 892], '3.2.20,': [714, 1135], '158.': [716, 1137], '22': [717], '2003–04,': [721, 730], 'S-50.': [725, 734], '23': [726], '24': [735], 'See': [736, 1139, 1416], 'Labour': [745], '(Directorate': [746], 'General': [747], 'Employment': [749], 'Training),': [751], 'Census': [752], 'Central': [754, 1112], 'Employees,': [756], '2003': [757], 'Labour,': [762], '7.': [765], '25': [766], 'Industry,': [772, 781, 798], 'Public': [773, 790, 1392], 'Enterprises': [774, 791], '2001–2002': [776], '2002)': [782], '1,': [784, 801], '1.28,': [786], '32;': [788], '1996–97': [793], 'Statement': [802], 'S-214.': [805], '26': [806], 'same': [810], '28%': [811], 'share': [812, 828], 'group': [814, 830, 927, 949, 957, 1024], 'D': [815, 831, 938, 1073], 'central': [818], 'quasi': [819], 'government': [820], 'other': [822], 'than': [823, 1033], 'public': [824, 843, 876, 1026, 1074, 1092, 1100, 1231, 1268], 'enterprises,': [825], '50%': [827, 947], 'local': [833, 914, 940], 'bodies,': [834], 'then': [835], 'get': [839, 879, 1088, 1096], '11.459': [840], 'million': [841, 1071, 1090, 1098], 'non-manual': [842, 1091, 1099], '1998–99.': [846], 'Further': [847], 'assuming': [848, 862], '17%': [850], 'women': [851], 'evenly': [854], 'distributed': [855], 'among': [856], 'groups': [857, 935, 1223, 1254], 'D,': [860], 'each': [864], 'them': [866], 'part': [868], 'male-headed': [871], 'household,': [872, 1038], 'not': [873, 910], 'necessarily': [874], 'employment,': [877], 'final': [881], 'figures': [882], 'above.': [883], 'have': [885, 1227, 1265], 'relied': [886], 'informal': [888], 'information': [889], 'Sciences,': [895], 'Delhi,': [897], 'this': [899], 'assumption,': [900], 'turn': [902], 'based': [903], 'fact': [906], '(urban)': [908], 'municipalities,': [909], '(rural)': [911], 'panchayats,': [912], 'dominate': [913], 'bodies': [915], 'former': [919], 'about': [920], '60%': [921], 'would': [924, 1055], 'be': [925, 1056], 'There': [929], 'no': [931], 'breakdown': [933], 'bodies;': [941], 'we': [942, 1095], 'use': [943], 'an': [944], 'estimate': [945], '27': [951], 'lowest': [954], 'category': [955], 'C': [958, 1025], 'employee': [959, 1075], 'following': [960], 'fifth': [962], 'Pay': [963, 1113], 'Commission': [964, 1114], 'report,': [965], 'at': [966, 1007], 'bottom': [968, 1010], 'scale': [971], 'Rs.': [973, 981, 1002, 1005], '3200': [974], 'basic': [975], 'pay,': [976], 'plus': [977, 985, 990], 'increments': [979], '85': [982], '1998–99,': [984], '30%': [986], 'house': [987], 'rent': [988], 'allowance,': [989, 996], 'city': [991], 'compensatory': [992], 'allowance': [993], 'traveling': [995], 'total': [998], 'emoluments': [999], 'come': [1000], '4,781,': [1003], '57,372,': [1006], 'very': [1009], 'entry': [1012], 'level': [1013], 'scale.': [1016], 'This': [1017], 'means': [1018], 'overwhelming': [1021], 'majority': [1022], 'employees,': [1027], 'especially': [1028], 'if': [1029], 'there': [1030, 1226, 1264], 'more': [1032, 1179], 'one': [1034, 1049], 'earner': [1035], 'joint': [1039], 'families': [1040], 'being': [1041], 'norm': [1043], 'even': [1044], 'urban': [1046], 'goes': [1050], 'down': [1051], 'ladder,': [1054], 'MISH-derived': [1060], 'definition': [1061], 'broadest': [1063], 'middle': [1064, 1347], 'class.': [1065], 'Deflating': [1066], 'roughly': [1068], 'estimated': [1069], '9.5': [1070], 'non-group': [1072], 'quarter': [1079], 'eliminate': [1081], 'female-headed': [1082], 'some': [1084], 'additional': [1085], '7.13': [1089], 'employee-headed': [1093], 'households,': [1094], '40': [1097], 'employees.': [1101], 'Fifth': [1111], 'India),': [1122], '459–461': [1124], '727.': [1127], '28': [1128], 'Profile,': [1133], '29': [1138], 'Tables': [1140], '1–4': [1141], '“Caste': [1145, 1186], 'Inequalities': [1146], 'Today,”': [1149], '112–13.': [1153], '30': [1154], '“Secularisation': [1158], 'Caste': [1160], 'Making': [1162], 'August': [1171], '21–September': [1172], '1999,': [1174, 1290], '2502–10.': [1176], 'account': [1181], 'Class:': [1188], 'Reality': [1190], 'Representations,”': [1193], 'V.': [1195], 'A.': [1196], 'Pai': [1197], 'Panandiker': [1198], 'Ashis': [1200], 'Nandy,': [1201], 'Tata': [1207], 'McGraw': [1208], 'Hill,': [1209], '337–63.': [1212], '31': [1213], 'Scheduled': [1214, 1218], 'Castes': [1215], '(ex-untouchables)': [1216], 'Tribes': [1219], '(aboriginal': [1220], 'peoples)': [1221], 'whom': [1225, 1263], 'been': [1228], 'quotas': [1229, 1266], 'legislative': [1234], 'representation': [1235], 'proportion': [1237], 'their': [1239], 'population': [1240], 'since': [1241, 1270], 'constitution': [1244], 'was': [1245], 'adopted': [1246], '1950.': [1248], 'Other': [1249], 'Backward': [1250], 'caste-defined': [1253], 'consisting': [1255], 'small': [1257], 'farmer': [1258], 'artisan': [1260], 'castes': [1261], 'early': [1272], '1990s.': [1273], '32': [1274], 'Yogendra': [1275, 1379], 'Yadav,': [1276, 1380], 'Sanjay': [1277, 1321], 'Kumar,': [1278, 1322], 'Oliver': [1280], 'Heath,': [1281], "BJP's": [1283], 'Bloc,”': [1286], 'Frontline,': [1287], 'November': [1288], '19,': [1289], '32.': [1292], '33': [1293], 'Radhika': [1294], 'Desai,': [1295, 1315], "“Hindutva's": [1296, 1316], 'Gujarat:': [1297], 'Image': [1299], 'Future,”': [1302], 'Slouching': [1303], 'Ayodhya': [1305], 'Three': [1308], 'Essays': [1309], '137–63.': [1313], '34': [1314], 'Gujarat,”': [1317], '146.': [1319], '35': [1320], '“Impact': [1323], 'Electorate,”': [1329], 'April': [1334], '2004,': [1336, 1412], '1621–30,': [1338], '5.': [1343], 'instances': [1345], 'class': [1348], 'ambivalence': [1349], 'toward': [1350], 'liberalization': [1351], 'Baldev': [1353], 'Raj': [1354], 'Nayar,': [1355], 'Globalization': [1356], 'Nationalism:': [1358], 'Changing': [1360], 'Balance': [1361], 'Policy': [1365], '1950–2000': [1366], 'Sage': [1369], 'Publications,': [1370], '2001),': [1371], '124,': [1373], '151,': [1374], '175,': [1375], '185,': [1376], '197.': [1377], '36': [1378], '“Urban': [1381], 'More': [1383], 'Polarised”': [1384], 'Mirror': [1390], 'Opinion,”': [1393], 'Hindu,': [1395], 'June': [1396], '13,': [1397], '2004.': [1398], '37': [1399], 'opinion': [1403], 'poll,': [1404], '“NDA': [1405], 'Shining:': [1406], '290': [1407], 'Watts”,': [1408], 'Outlook,': [1409], '15,': [1411], '24–25.': [1414], '38': [1415], 'David': [1417], 'Denoon,': [1418], '“Cycles': [1419], 'Liberalization,': [1423], '1966–1996,”': [1424], '(October': [1431], '1998),': [1432], '43–60.': [1434]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968867571', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-11T01:38:51.528535', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}