Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1968423387', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038510', 'title': 'Insufficient effort responding: Examining an insidious confound in survey data.', 'display_name': 'Insufficient effort responding: Examining an insidious confound in survey data.', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-12-15', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1968423387', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038510', 'mag': '1968423387', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25495093'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038510', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S166002381', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Psychology', 'issn_l': '0021-9010', 'issn': ['0021-9010', '1939-1854'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003161812', 'display_name': 'Jason L. Huang', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9548-0542'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185443292', 'display_name': 'Wayne State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01070mq45', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185443292']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jason L. Huang', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Wayne State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Wayne State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185443292']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000287326', 'display_name': 'Mengqiao Liu', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5983-6741'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I185443292', 'display_name': 'Wayne State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01070mq45', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I185443292']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Mengqiao Liu', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Wayne State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Wayne State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I185443292']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5012406209', 'display_name': 'Nathan A. Bowling', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3768-4939'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I19648265', 'display_name': 'Wright State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04qk6pt94', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I19648265']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Nathan A. Bowling', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Psychology, Wright State University.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Psychology, Wright State University.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I19648265']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 25.924, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 356, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.952695, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '100', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '828', 'last_page': '845'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10006', 'display_name': 'Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior', 'score': 0.9954, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1407', 'display_name': 'Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10006', 'display_name': 'Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior', 'score': 0.9954, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1407', 'display_name': 'Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10154', 'display_name': 'Customer Service Quality and Loyalty', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1407', 'display_name': 'Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/14', 'display_name': 'Business, Management and Accounting'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10646', 'display_name': 'Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies', 'score': 0.9795, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3311', 'display_name': 'Safety Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7367374}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C64341305', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225', 'display_name': 'Bivariate analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6942804}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77350462', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472', 'display_name': 'Confounding', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6672999}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105776082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q617473', 'display_name': 'Likert scale', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6492933}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778755073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537', 'display_name': 'Scale (ratio)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53572494}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5062696}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33903134}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138496976', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002', 'display_name': 'Developmental psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23649403}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.12183902}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D011594', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychometrics', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011795', 'descriptor_name': 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004651', 'descriptor_name': 'Employment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004651', 'descriptor_name': 'Employment', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000523', 'qualifier_name': 'psychology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005260', 'descriptor_name': 'Female', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008297', 'descriptor_name': 'Male', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008875', 'descriptor_name': 'Middle Aged', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010552', 'descriptor_name': 'Personality Assessment', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010552', 'descriptor_name': 'Personality Assessment', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011594', 'descriptor_name': 'Psychometrics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D057566', 'descriptor_name': 'Self Report', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D057566', 'descriptor_name': 'Self Report', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011795', 'descriptor_name': 'Surveys and Questionnaires', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D055815', 'descriptor_name': 'Young Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038510', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S166002381', 'display_name': 'Journal of Applied Psychology', 'issn_l': '0021-9010', 'issn': ['0021-9010', '1939-1854'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25495093', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 14, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1578121168', 'https://openalex.org/W1931745950', 'https://openalex.org/W1973047402', 'https://openalex.org/W1994978302', 'https://openalex.org/W2009283611', 'https://openalex.org/W2052725733', 'https://openalex.org/W2077240377', 'https://openalex.org/W2082032767', 'https://openalex.org/W2086676398', 'https://openalex.org/W2106096361', 'https://openalex.org/W2116323796', 'https://openalex.org/W2134299926', 'https://openalex.org/W2165944832', 'https://openalex.org/W4253727008'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4385403451', 'https://openalex.org/W4313317154', 'https://openalex.org/W3162248051', 'https://openalex.org/W2994176440', 'https://openalex.org/W2901858382', 'https://openalex.org/W2513280345', 'https://openalex.org/W2481749367', 'https://openalex.org/W2064305470', 'https://openalex.org/W1965818325', 'https://openalex.org/W1721599012'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Insufficient': [0], 'effort': [1], 'responding': [2], '(IER;': [3], 'Huang,': [4], 'Curran,': [5], 'Keeney,': [6], 'Poposki,': [7], '&': [8], 'DeShon,': [9], '2012)': [10], 'to': [11, 17, 91, 214, 233], 'surveys': [12], 'has': [13], 'largely': [14], 'been': [15], 'assumed': [16], 'be': [18, 88, 201], 'a': [19, 45, 60, 68, 84, 103, 119, 125, 202, 226], 'source': [20], 'of': [21, 41, 67, 80, 135, 164], 'random': [22], 'measurement': [23], 'error': [24, 181], 'that': [25, 48, 56, 73, 158, 188], 'attenuates': [26, 190], 'associations': [27], 'between': [28, 52, 100, 151], 'substantive': [29, 53, 85, 96, 105, 152], 'measures.': [30, 54, 153], 'The': [31, 221], 'current': [32, 222], 'article,': [33], 'however,': [34], 'illustrates': [35], 'how': [36, 145], 'and': [37, 102, 124, 212, 216, 231], 'when': [38, 167], 'the': [39, 65, 77, 131, 162, 172, 185, 207], 'presence': [40], 'IER': [42, 101, 146, 159, 189, 199, 218, 237], 'can': [43, 147, 160], 'produce': [44], 'systematic': [46], 'bias': [47], 'inflates': [49], 'observed': [50, 165, 191], 'correlations': [51, 99], 'Noting': [55], 'inattentive': [57], 'responses': [58], 'as': [59, 76, 114, 225], 'whole': [61], 'generally': [62], 'congregate': [63], 'around': [64], 'midpoint': [66], 'Likert': [69], 'scale,': [70], 'we': [71, 143], 'propose': [72], 'Mattentive,': [74], 'defined': [75], 'mean': [78], 'score': [79], 'attentive': [81], 'respondents': [82], 'on': [83, 95], 'measure,': [86], 'will': [87, 107], 'negatively': [89], 'related': [90], "IER's": [92], 'confounding': [93, 133], 'effect': [94], 'measures': [97], '(i.e.,': [98], 'given': [104], 'measure': [106], 'become': [108], 'less': [109], 'positive': [110], '[or': [111], 'more': [112, 234], 'negative]': [113], 'Mattentive': [115], 'increases).': [116], 'Results': [117], 'from': [118, 171], 'personality': [120], 'questionnaire': [121], '(Study': [122, 127, 141], '1)': [123], 'simulation': [126], '2)': [128], 'consistently': [129], 'support': [130], 'hypothesized': [132], 'influence': [134], 'IER.': [136], 'Using': [137], 'an': [138, 177], 'employee': [139], 'sample': [140], '3),': [142], 'demonstrated': [144], 'confound': [148], 'bivariate': [149, 192], 'relationships': [150, 166], 'Together,': [154], 'these': [155], 'studies': [156], 'indicate': [157], 'inflate': [161], 'strength': [163], 'scale': [168, 173], 'means': [169], 'depart': [170], 'midpoints,': [174], 'resulting': [175], 'in': [176, 219, 238], 'inflated': [178], 'Type': [179], 'I': [180], 'rate.': [182], 'This': [183], 'challenges': [184], 'traditional': [186], 'view': [187], 'correlations.': [193], 'These': [194], 'findings': [195], 'highlight': [196], 'situations': [197], 'where': [198], 'may': [200], 'methodological': [203], 'nuisance,': [204], 'while': [205], 'underscoring': [206], 'need': [208], 'for': [209, 229], 'survey': [210], 'administrators': [211], 'researchers': [213, 230], 'deter': [215], 'detect': [217], 'surveys.': [220], 'article': [223], 'serves': [224], 'wake-up': [227], 'call': [228], 'practitioners': [232], 'closely': [235], 'examine': [236], 'their': [239], 'data.': [240]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1968423387', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 53}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 40}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 41}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 32}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 12}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-06T02:04:55.828190', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}