Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1967286625', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014254', 'title': 'Effects of sulfate coatings on the ice nucleation properties of a biological ice nucleus and several types of minerals', 'display_name': 'Effects of sulfate coatings on the ice nucleation properties of a biological ice nucleus and several types of minerals', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-10-20', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1967286625', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014254', 'mag': '1967286625'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014254', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S207178839', 'display_name': 'Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres', 'issn_l': '0148-0227', 'issn': ['0148-0227', '2156-2202'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315809', 'host_organization_name': 'American Geophysical Union', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315809'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Geophysical Union'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/52383/1.0041865/3', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5008066620', 'display_name': 'D. I. Chernoff', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Donna I. Chernoff', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5080963886', 'display_name': 'Allan K. Bertram', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-2323'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'display_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03rmrcq20', 'country_code': 'CA', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}], 'countries': ['CA'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Allan K. Bertram', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia Canada'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Chemistry University of British Columbia Vancouver, British Columbia Canada', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.054, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 101, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.935614, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 97, 'max': 98}, 'biblio': {'volume': '115', 'issue': 'D20', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10075', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10075', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10347', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric aerosols and clouds', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2306', 'display_name': 'Global and Planetary Change'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11320', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Ozone and Climate', 'score': 0.987, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-nucleus', 'display_name': 'Ice nucleus', 'score': 0.9442687}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/classical-nucleation-theory', 'display_name': 'Classical nucleation theory', 'score': 0.4894401}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/amorphous-ice', 'display_name': 'Amorphous ice', 'score': 0.4808791}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C122409099', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3136993', 'display_name': 'Ice nucleus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9442687}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61048295', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909022', 'display_name': 'Nucleation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.77991796}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779899878', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223197', 'display_name': 'Kaolinite', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71004474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778199549', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118', 'display_name': 'Sulfuric acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5845116}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776432453', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7946', 'display_name': 'Mineral', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.52860117}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780393986', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19892223', 'display_name': 'Classical nucleation theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4894401}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199289684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353', 'display_name': 'Mineralogy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48912746}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126485055', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474160', 'display_name': 'Amorphous ice', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4808791}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.43474367}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.38560918}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42360764', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588', 'display_name': 'Chemical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3483827}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32415974}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56052488', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103382', 'display_name': 'Amorphous solid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.22934031}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8010536', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398', 'display_name': 'Crystallography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.18580055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191897082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467', 'display_name': 'Metallurgy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11027336}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.08347541}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jd014254', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S207178839', 'display_name': 'Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres', 'issn_l': '0148-0227', 'issn': ['0148-0227', '2156-2202'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315809', 'host_organization_name': 'American Geophysical Union', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315809'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Geophysical Union'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33690', 'pdf_url': 'https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/52383/1.0041865/3', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196297', 'display_name': 'cIRcle (University of British Columbia)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'host_organization_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of British Columbia'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33690', 'pdf_url': 'https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/52383/1.0041865/3', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4377196297', 'display_name': 'cIRcle (University of British Columbia)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I141945490', 'host_organization_name': 'University of British Columbia', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I141945490'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of British Columbia'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc-nd', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 87, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1522296012', 'https://openalex.org/W1566341553', 'https://openalex.org/W1587101236', 'https://openalex.org/W1594199380', 'https://openalex.org/W1644074212', 'https://openalex.org/W1748428292', 'https://openalex.org/W1890793174', 'https://openalex.org/W1919976327', 'https://openalex.org/W1966786704', 'https://openalex.org/W1966932620', 'https://openalex.org/W1971401416', 'https://openalex.org/W1982161829', 'https://openalex.org/W1982413789', 'https://openalex.org/W1982808948', 'https://openalex.org/W1984484393', 'https://openalex.org/W1985327807', 'https://openalex.org/W1986687589', 'https://openalex.org/W1989272610', 'https://openalex.org/W1989377335', 'https://openalex.org/W1997792701', 'https://openalex.org/W1999548826', 'https://openalex.org/W2002778748', 'https://openalex.org/W2004036312', 'https://openalex.org/W2004058717', 'https://openalex.org/W2005056392', 'https://openalex.org/W2006945633', 'https://openalex.org/W2012056302', 'https://openalex.org/W2013409451', 'https://openalex.org/W2013722443', 'https://openalex.org/W2014029844', 'https://openalex.org/W2016403234', 'https://openalex.org/W2016809654', 'https://openalex.org/W2016961897', 'https://openalex.org/W2018637199', 'https://openalex.org/W2019723114', 'https://openalex.org/W2022164742', 'https://openalex.org/W2028848204', 'https://openalex.org/W2029166000', 'https://openalex.org/W2030102203', 'https://openalex.org/W2032659759', 'https://openalex.org/W2032701007', 'https://openalex.org/W2033745265', 'https://openalex.org/W2035552899', 'https://openalex.org/W2044239008', 'https://openalex.org/W2044753020', 'https://openalex.org/W2045465826', 'https://openalex.org/W2050649035', 'https://openalex.org/W2051487741', 'https://openalex.org/W2058098574', 'https://openalex.org/W2062762388', 'https://openalex.org/W2063705419', 'https://openalex.org/W2067264333', 'https://openalex.org/W2067524488', 'https://openalex.org/W2070499868', 'https://openalex.org/W2085869614', 'https://openalex.org/W2093911413', 'https://openalex.org/W2095988320', 'https://openalex.org/W2097528821', 'https://openalex.org/W2100230928', 'https://openalex.org/W2101940369', 'https://openalex.org/W2105781483', 'https://openalex.org/W2106877731', 'https://openalex.org/W211335984', 'https://openalex.org/W2118697213', 'https://openalex.org/W2125788934', 'https://openalex.org/W2127193466', 'https://openalex.org/W2131742713', 'https://openalex.org/W2136351893', 'https://openalex.org/W2138881777', 'https://openalex.org/W2138997250', 'https://openalex.org/W2140632860', 'https://openalex.org/W2147558948', 'https://openalex.org/W2149684343', 'https://openalex.org/W2160667311', 'https://openalex.org/W2162923152', 'https://openalex.org/W2166978691', 'https://openalex.org/W2167248737', 'https://openalex.org/W2167602740', 'https://openalex.org/W2174346177', 'https://openalex.org/W2178107946', 'https://openalex.org/W2231362170', 'https://openalex.org/W2332240969', 'https://openalex.org/W247142540', 'https://openalex.org/W2598147445', 'https://openalex.org/W3100189980', 'https://openalex.org/W3109070402', 'https://openalex.org/W80967055'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4236125103', 'https://openalex.org/W3195484241', 'https://openalex.org/W3114184205', 'https://openalex.org/W2952307527', 'https://openalex.org/W2768953041', 'https://openalex.org/W2554075686', 'https://openalex.org/W2234373411', 'https://openalex.org/W2114915934', 'https://openalex.org/W1883963059', 'https://openalex.org/W1513414021'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'An': [0], 'optical': [1], 'microscope': [2], 'coupled': [3], 'to': [4, 10, 42, 157, 164, 223, 227], 'a': [5, 147], 'flow': [6], 'cell': [7], 'was': [8, 64], 'used': [9], 'study': [11], 'the': [12, 47, 51, 59, 76, 82, 89, 93, 113, 117, 132, 165, 174, 185, 198, 216, 229, 245, 260], 'ice': [13, 28, 61, 77, 96, 102, 133, 150, 175, 220, 243], 'nucleation': [14, 62, 78, 103, 134, 225], 'properties': [15, 79, 135, 200], 'of': [16, 33, 80, 136, 178, 190, 201], 'uncoated': [17, 242], 'and': [18, 22, 55, 87, 111, 193, 219], 'coated': [19, 256], 'mineral': [20, 166, 202, 254], 'dust': [21, 203], 'SNOMAX': [23, 145, 179], '(a': [24], 'proxy': [25], 'for': [26, 101, 109, 232, 241, 253], 'biological': [27], 'nucleators': [29], 'made': [30], 'from': [31, 40], 'cells': [32], 'Pseudomonas': [34], 'syringae': [35], ')': [36, 99], 'at': [37, 57], 'temperatures': [38], 'ranging': [39], '234': [41], '247': [43], 'K.': [44], 'We': [45], 'define': [46], 'onset': [48, 153], 'conditions': [49], 'as': [50], 'relative': [52], 'humidity': [53], '(RH)': [54], 'temperature': [56], 'which': [58], 'first': [60], 'event': [63], 'observed.': [65], 'The': [66, 237], 'results': [67, 142, 183], 'show': [68, 239], 'that': [69, 144, 187, 240], 'H': [70], '2': [71, 192], 'SO': [72, 191], '4': [73, 126, 128], 'coatings': [74, 91, 115, 129, 170], 'modified': [75], 'all': [81], 'minerals': [83], 'studied.': [84], 'For': [85], 'kaolinite': [86, 137], 'illite,': [88], 'acid': [90, 114, 169], 'increased': [92, 116], 'RH': [94, 106, 118, 122, 159], 'over': [95], '(RH': [97], 'i': [98, 107, 119, 123, 160], 'required': [100], 'by': [104, 120], '∼30%': [105], ';': [108], 'montmorillonite': [110], 'quartz,': [112], '∼20%': [121], '.': [124, 161], 'NH': [125, 194], 'HSO': [127], 'also': [130, 210], 'influenced': [131], 'particles.': [138, 180, 204], 'In': [139, 162], 'addition,': [140], 'our': [141, 182, 206], 'indicate': [143], 'is': [146], 'reasonably': [148], 'good': [149], 'nucleus,': [151], 'having': [152], 'values': [154], 'between': [155, 215], '110': [156], '120%': [158], 'contrast': [163], 'studies,': [167], 'sulfuric': [168, 258], 'did': [171], 'not': [172], 'hinder': [173], 'nucleating': [176], 'ability': [177], 'Combined,': [181], 'support': [184], 'idea': [186], 'anthropogenic': [188], 'emissions': [189], '3': [195], 'may': [196], 'influence': [197], 'ice‐nucleating': [199], 'From': [205], 'laboratory': [207, 230], 'data,': [208], 'we': [209], 'determined': [211], 'contact': [212, 246, 261], 'angles': [213, 247, 262], '(θ)': [214], 'heterogeneous': [217], 'nuclei': [218, 244], 'embryos': [221], 'according': [222], 'classical': [224], 'theory': [226], 'parameterize': [228], 'data': [231, 238], 'inclusion': [233], 'in': [234], 'atmospheric': [235], 'models.': [236], 'are': [248, 263], 'small': [249], '(below': [250], '∼20°),': [251], 'but': [252], 'particles': [255], 'with': [257], 'acid,': [259], 'larger': [264], '(above': [265], '∼60°).': [266]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1967286625', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T19:49:49.136061', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}