Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1966203994', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5627253', 'title': 'An information transmission measure for the analysis of effective connectivity among cortical neurons', 'display_name': 'An information transmission measure for the analysis of effective connectivity among cortical neurons', 'publication_year': 2010, 'publication_date': '2010-08-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1966203994', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5627253', 'mag': '1966203994', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21096617', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4216183'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5627253', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'proceedings-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4216183?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5003562461', 'display_name': 'Andrew Law', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-4223'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5388228', 'display_name': 'University of Rochester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/022kthw22', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Andrew J. Law', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Biomedical Engineering Department at the University of Rochester, NY, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Biomedical Engineering Department at the University of Rochester, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100705959', 'display_name': 'Gaurav Sharma', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9735-9519'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5388228', 'display_name': 'University of Rochester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/022kthw22', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Gaurav Sharma', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Rochester, NY, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at the University of Rochester, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5041768910', 'display_name': 'Marc H. Schieber', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4315-8161'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I5388228', 'display_name': 'University of Rochester', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/022kthw22', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marc H. Schieber', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Departments of Neurology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Brain and Cognitive Sciences at the University of Rochester, NY, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Departments of Neurology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, and Brain and Cognitive Sciences at the University of Rochester, NY, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I5388228']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 64}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10581', 'display_name': 'Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical Networks', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10581', 'display_name': 'Neuronal Oscillations in Cortical Networks', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11513', 'display_name': 'Stochastic Resonance in Nonlinear Systems', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3109', 'display_name': 'Statistical and Nonlinear Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11601', 'display_name': 'Neural Interface Technology', 'score': 0.9921, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2804', 'display_name': 'Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/information-transfer', 'display_name': 'Information transfer', 'score': 0.66287464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/information-transmission', 'display_name': 'Information transmission', 'score': 0.5673154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-synchrony', 'display_name': 'Neural Synchrony', 'score': 0.503656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ground-truth', 'display_name': 'Ground truth', 'score': 0.4919655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/information-theory', 'display_name': 'Information theory', 'score': 0.47028401}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow', 'display_name': 'Information flow', 'score': 0.42182022}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182049051', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17147155', 'display_name': 'Transfer entropy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8498214}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106301342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933', 'display_name': 'Entropy (arrow of time)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6941478}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6755418}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C8854915', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4350200', 'display_name': 'Information transfer', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66287464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780009758', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172', 'display_name': 'Measure (data warehouse)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6576569}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2983568541', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772', 'display_name': 'Information transmission', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5673154}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C146849305', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766', 'display_name': 'Ground truth', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4919655}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778794669', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43054', 'display_name': 'Neuron', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47288007}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52622258', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131222', 'display_name': 'Information theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47028401}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.46451488}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44691688}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C761482', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093', 'display_name': 'Transmission (telecommunications)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42357793}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779136372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10283002', 'display_name': 'Information flow', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42182022}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C557945733', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772', 'display_name': 'Data transmission', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41860616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124101348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491', 'display_name': 'Data mining', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3106482}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C9679016', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1417473', 'display_name': 'Principle of maximum entropy', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2502412}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.20543283}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.16699752}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14989036}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12900722}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31258907', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371', 'display_name': 'Computer network', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000200', 'descriptor_name': 'Action Potentials', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008959', 'descriptor_name': 'Models, Neurological', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009415', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Net', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009435', 'descriptor_name': 'Synaptic Transmission', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000200', 'descriptor_name': 'Action Potentials', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003198', 'descriptor_name': 'Computer Simulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004569', 'descriptor_name': 'Electroencephalography', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004569', 'descriptor_name': 'Electroencephalography', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007257', 'descriptor_name': 'Information Theory', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009415', 'descriptor_name': 'Nerve Net', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009474', 'descriptor_name': 'Neurons', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009435', 'descriptor_name': 'Synaptic Transmission', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 5, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5627253', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4216183', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4216183?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4216183', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.299.3561', 'pdf_url': 'http://www.ece.rochester.edu/~gsharma/papers/LawInfoTxMeasure4Conn_EMBC2010.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400349', 'display_name': 'CiteSeer X (The Pennsylvania State University)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'host_organization_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pennsylvania State University'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21096617', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4216183', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc4216183?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 11, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1593079125', 'https://openalex.org/W1973752972', 'https://openalex.org/W1999653836', 'https://openalex.org/W2041782669', 'https://openalex.org/W2046493546', 'https://openalex.org/W2064549140', 'https://openalex.org/W2074818274', 'https://openalex.org/W2079914348', 'https://openalex.org/W2099111195', 'https://openalex.org/W2117509237', 'https://openalex.org/W2129983824'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4225163189', 'https://openalex.org/W4224256769', 'https://openalex.org/W3201040837', 'https://openalex.org/W3100602177', 'https://openalex.org/W3032013634', 'https://openalex.org/W2583159834', 'https://openalex.org/W2492100837', 'https://openalex.org/W2271321208', 'https://openalex.org/W2050334647', 'https://openalex.org/W1595266364'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'We': [0], 'present': [1], 'a': [2, 70, 87], 'methodology': [3], 'for': [4], 'detecting': [5], 'effective': [6, 66, 90], 'connections': [7], 'between': [8], 'simultaneously': [9], 'recorded': [10, 75], 'neurons': [11], 'using': [12], 'an': [13], 'information': [14, 24, 58], 'transmission': [15, 59], 'measure': [16, 56], 'to': [17, 29, 47], 'identify': [18], 'the': [19, 38, 48, 65, 82], 'presence': [20], 'and': [21, 33, 44], 'direction': [22], 'of': [23, 40, 57, 69], 'flow': [25], 'from': [26], 'one': [27], 'neuron': [28, 71], 'another.': [30], 'Using': [31], 'simulated': [32], 'experimentally-measured': [34], 'data,': [35, 76], 'we': [36], 'evaluate': [37], 'performance': [39], 'our': [41, 55], 'proposed': [42, 83], 'method': [43, 84], 'compare': [45], 'it': [46], 'traditional': [49], 'transfer': [50, 61, 94], 'entropy': [51, 62], 'approach.': [52], 'In': [53], 'simulations,': [54], 'outperforms': [60], 'in': [63], 'identifying': [64], 'connectivity': [67, 91], 'structure': [68, 92], 'ensemble.': [72], 'For': [73], 'experimentally': [74], 'where': [77], 'ground': [78], 'truth': [79], 'is': [80], 'unavailable,': [81], 'also': [85], 'yields': [86], 'more': [88], 'plausible': [89], 'than': [93], 'entropy.': [95]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1966203994', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-09-01T02:14:48.119394', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}