Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1965528594', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00394-6', 'title': 'Electroacupuncture: mechanisms and clinical application', 'display_name': 'Electroacupuncture: mechanisms and clinical application', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1965528594', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00394-6', 'mag': '1965528594', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9646895'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00394-6', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S205482884', 'display_name': 'Biological Psychiatry', 'issn_l': '0006-3223', 'issn': ['0006-3223', '1873-2402'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5104055417', 'display_name': 'George A. Ulett', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I76835614', 'display_name': 'University of Missouri', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02ymw8z06', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I76835614']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'George A. Ulett', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Medicine, St. Louis 63139, USA.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Missouri-Columbia, School of Medicine, St. Louis 63139, USA.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I76835614']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108825536', 'display_name': 'Song‐Ping Han', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I47838141', 'display_name': 'Saint Louis University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01p7jjy08', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I47838141']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Songping Han', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['St. Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (SH)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'St. Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA (SH)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I47838141']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5100718502', 'display_name': 'Ji‐Sheng Han', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5639-4561'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I183519381', 'display_name': 'Capital Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/013xs5b60', 'country_code': 'CN', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}], 'countries': ['CN'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Ji-sheng Han', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Beijing Medical University, Beijing, China (JH)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Beijing Medical University, Beijing, China (JH)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I183519381']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4990, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4990, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.781, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 649, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.998504, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '44', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '129', 'last_page': '138'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10196', 'display_name': 'Pain Mechanisms and Treatments', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10196', 'display_name': 'Pain Mechanisms and Treatments', 'score': 0.9998, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11327', 'display_name': 'Acupuncture Treatment Research Studies', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2707', 'display_name': 'Complementary and alternative medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11274', 'display_name': 'Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders', 'score': 0.9988, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2728', 'display_name': 'Neurology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/endorphins', 'display_name': 'Endorphins', 'score': 0.8053951}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dynorphin', 'display_name': 'Dynorphin', 'score': 0.6563612}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C56837625', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121713', 'display_name': 'Acupuncture', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.84058535}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778680817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190528', 'display_name': 'Endorphins', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8053951}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776202274', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11784952', 'display_name': 'Electroacupuncture', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.803581}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.70080304}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151077648', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324076', 'display_name': 'Dynorphin', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6563612}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780820201', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235', 'display_name': 'Analgesic', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6034956}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42219234', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130', 'display_name': 'Anesthesia', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.54826987}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778750930', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4540629', 'display_name': '(+)-Naloxone', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5459723}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24998067', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4114622', 'display_name': 'Stimulation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43963176}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776176026', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169960', 'display_name': 'Oxytocin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41671738}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C98274493', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406', 'display_name': 'Pharmacology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33835274}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.27646977}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781063702', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523', 'display_name': 'Opioid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.2153314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C88016717', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417189', 'display_name': 'Opioid peptide', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.16350845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142724271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208', 'display_name': 'Pathology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10940313}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C204787440', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504', 'display_name': 'Alternative medicine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D015667', 'descriptor_name': 'Acupuncture Analgesia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015671', 'descriptor_name': 'Electroacupuncture', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000379', 'qualifier_name': 'methods', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015667', 'descriptor_name': 'Acupuncture Analgesia', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015667', 'descriptor_name': 'Acupuncture Analgesia', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000187', 'qualifier_name': 'drug effects', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001921', 'descriptor_name': 'Brain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004357', 'descriptor_name': 'Drug Synergism', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004558', 'descriptor_name': 'Electric Stimulation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015671', 'descriptor_name': 'Electroacupuncture', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D015671', 'descriptor_name': 'Electroacupuncture', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000706', 'qualifier_name': 'statistics & numerical data', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004723', 'descriptor_name': 'Endorphins', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004723', 'descriptor_name': 'Endorphins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004723', 'descriptor_name': 'Endorphins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000276', 'qualifier_name': 'immunology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004723', 'descriptor_name': 'Endorphins', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000134', 'qualifier_name': 'cerebrospinal fluid', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007106', 'descriptor_name': 'Immune Sera', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007106', 'descriptor_name': 'Immune Sera', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008845', 'descriptor_name': 'Microinjections', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009020', 'descriptor_name': 'Morphine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009020', 'descriptor_name': 'Morphine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009270', 'descriptor_name': 'Naloxone', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009270', 'descriptor_name': 'Naloxone', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000494', 'qualifier_name': 'pharmacology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009270', 'descriptor_name': 'Naloxone', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000008', 'qualifier_name': 'administration & dosage', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009292', 'descriptor_name': 'Narcotic Antagonists', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009619', 'descriptor_name': 'Nociceptors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009619', 'descriptor_name': 'Nociceptors', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010146', 'descriptor_name': 'Pain', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D010146', 'descriptor_name': 'Pain', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D059408', 'descriptor_name': 'Pain Management', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017288', 'descriptor_name': 'Pain Threshold', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017288', 'descriptor_name': 'Pain Threshold', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011817', 'descriptor_name': 'Rabbits', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051381', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019966', 'descriptor_name': 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000517', 'qualifier_name': 'prevention & control', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019966', 'descriptor_name': 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019966', 'descriptor_name': 'Substance-Related Disorders', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00394-6', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S205482884', 'display_name': 'Biological Psychiatry', 'issn_l': '0006-3223', 'issn': ['0006-3223', '1873-2402'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9646895', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.85}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 34, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W11756200', 'https://openalex.org/W1529975044', 'https://openalex.org/W1569794681', 'https://openalex.org/W185429704', 'https://openalex.org/W1984162214', 'https://openalex.org/W1990061647', 'https://openalex.org/W2001864961', 'https://openalex.org/W2004231235', 'https://openalex.org/W2009136833', 'https://openalex.org/W2026055656', 'https://openalex.org/W2035016617', 'https://openalex.org/W2043539478', 'https://openalex.org/W2048990739', 'https://openalex.org/W2049883950', 'https://openalex.org/W2055867654', 'https://openalex.org/W2060548374', 'https://openalex.org/W2061774845', 'https://openalex.org/W2074095964', 'https://openalex.org/W2091523614', 'https://openalex.org/W2095540487', 'https://openalex.org/W2150334233', 'https://openalex.org/W2154205545', 'https://openalex.org/W2159702030', 'https://openalex.org/W2223714222', 'https://openalex.org/W2321246412', 'https://openalex.org/W2380050464', 'https://openalex.org/W2380461682', 'https://openalex.org/W2415520290', 'https://openalex.org/W2416200624', 'https://openalex.org/W2776631412', 'https://openalex.org/W2778627762', 'https://openalex.org/W584691205', 'https://openalex.org/W606782008', 'https://openalex.org/W634417808'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4237363157', 'https://openalex.org/W3102644111', 'https://openalex.org/W2406830361', 'https://openalex.org/W2266566487', 'https://openalex.org/W2181842904', 'https://openalex.org/W2092927277', 'https://openalex.org/W2055272766', 'https://openalex.org/W2000031159', 'https://openalex.org/W1987316018', 'https://openalex.org/W186622919'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1965528594', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 12}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 29}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 32}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-25T22:35:15.913105', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}