Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1964285061', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-007-9116-6', 'title': 'Retributive and restorative justice.', 'display_name': 'Retributive and restorative justice.', 'publication_year': 2008, 'publication_date': '2008-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1964285061', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-007-9116-6', 'mag': '1964285061', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17957457'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-007-9116-6', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S117927158', 'display_name': 'Law and Human Behavior', 'issn_l': '0147-7307', 'issn': ['0147-7307', '1573-661X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049255134', 'display_name': 'Michael Wenzel', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3844-8487'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I169541294', 'display_name': 'Flinders University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kpzv902', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I169541294']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Wenzel', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Flinders University.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Flinders University.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I169541294']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5045427733', 'display_name': 'Tyler G. Okimoto', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4506-6826'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I169541294', 'display_name': 'Flinders University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kpzv902', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I169541294']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tyler G. Okimoto', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Flinders University.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Flinders University.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I169541294']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071020961', 'display_name': 'N. T. Feather', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2016-382X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I169541294', 'display_name': 'Flinders University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kpzv902', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I169541294']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Norman T. Feather', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Flinders University.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Flinders University.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I169541294']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036119550', 'display_name': 'Michael J. Platow', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1721-0827'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118347636', 'display_name': 'Australian National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/019wvm592', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118347636']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael J. Platow', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [' Australian National University.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': ' Australian National University.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I118347636']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 49.605, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 385, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999988, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '32', 'issue': '5', 'first_page': '375', 'last_page': '389'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10314', 'display_name': 'Intergroup Relations and Social Identity Theories', 'score': 0.9916, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10314', 'display_name': 'Intergroup Relations and Social Identity Theories', 'score': 0.9916, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10318', 'display_name': 'Impact of Mass Incarceration on Society and Individuals', 'score': 0.9913, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10565', 'display_name': 'Psychopathy and Criminal Behavior', 'score': 0.99, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3203', 'display_name': 'Clinical Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/retributive-justice', 'display_name': 'Retributive justice', 'score': 0.945855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/restorative-justice', 'display_name': 'Restorative justice', 'score': 0.8355567}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/punishment', 'display_name': 'Punishment (psychology)', 'score': 0.51917326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/system-justification', 'display_name': 'System Justification', 'score': 0.445311}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/legal-psychology', 'display_name': 'Legal psychology', 'score': 0.44182917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/value', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'score': 0.43095756}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110928126', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519270', 'display_name': 'Retributive justice', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.945855}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781330901', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165392', 'display_name': 'Restorative justice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8355567}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185052227', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2352967', 'display_name': 'Theory of criminal justice', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6437469}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139621336', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382', 'display_name': 'Economic Justice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5893672}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.58464175}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73484699', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733', 'display_name': 'Criminology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53969616}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779295839', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3544090', 'display_name': 'Punishment (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51917326}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77805123', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272', 'display_name': 'Social psychology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48588055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C143515210', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2479662', 'display_name': 'Legal psychology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44182917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776291640', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517', 'display_name': 'Value (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.43095756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778355321', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427', 'display_name': 'Identity (music)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41175473}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C102587632', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q117488', 'display_name': 'Criminal justice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.37068444}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.21492735}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.20816937}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119857082', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539', 'display_name': 'Machine learning', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C24890656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811', 'display_name': 'Acoustics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D003416', 'descriptor_name': 'Criminal Law', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012935', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Justice', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012941', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Responsibility', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D035881', 'descriptor_name': 'Compensation and Redress', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003415', 'descriptor_name': 'Crime', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019548', 'descriptor_name': 'Crime Victims', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012933', 'descriptor_name': 'Social Identification', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-007-9116-6', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S117927158', 'display_name': 'Law and Human Behavior', 'issn_l': '0147-7307', 'issn': ['0147-7307', '1573-661X'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320262', 'host_organization_name': 'American Psychological Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320262'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Psychological Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17957457', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.82, 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions'}], 'grants': [{'funder': 'https://openalex.org/F4320334704', 'funder_display_name': 'Australian Research Council', 'award_id': 'DP0557634'}], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 143, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1483679835', 'https://openalex.org/W1487279857', 'https://openalex.org/W1488210429', 'https://openalex.org/W1492279571', 'https://openalex.org/W1497647472', 'https://openalex.org/W1521461305', 'https://openalex.org/W1546980218', 'https://openalex.org/W1548654059', 'https://openalex.org/W1557110505', 'https://openalex.org/W1559956607', 'https://openalex.org/W1581566798', 'https://openalex.org/W1725435973', 'https://openalex.org/W1741291794', 'https://openalex.org/W1819000170', 'https://openalex.org/W1821624010', 'https://openalex.org/W1843953755', 'https://openalex.org/W185298493', 'https://openalex.org/W1960516996', 'https://openalex.org/W1964623232', 'https://openalex.org/W1966783490', 'https://openalex.org/W1969205008', 'https://openalex.org/W1969977871', 'https://openalex.org/W1972517958', 'https://openalex.org/W1974892940', 'https://openalex.org/W1978286639', 'https://openalex.org/W1978493498', 'https://openalex.org/W1980589755', 'https://openalex.org/W1981552798', 'https://openalex.org/W1982435035', 'https://openalex.org/W1982805862', 'https://openalex.org/W1986294985', 'https://openalex.org/W1986936900', 'https://openalex.org/W1992932263', 'https://openalex.org/W2002788212', 'https://openalex.org/W2005841892', 'https://openalex.org/W2006554252', 'https://openalex.org/W2009260120', 'https://openalex.org/W2012047668', 'https://openalex.org/W2016521544', 'https://openalex.org/W2016803363', 'https://openalex.org/W2020723161', 'https://openalex.org/W2028168450', 'https://openalex.org/W2028426316', 'https://openalex.org/W203501507', 'https://openalex.org/W2036288113', 'https://openalex.org/W2045371085', 'https://openalex.org/W2045536949', 'https://openalex.org/W2051113463', 'https://openalex.org/W2057959092', 'https://openalex.org/W2058914262', 'https://openalex.org/W2059036015', 'https://openalex.org/W2060018123', 'https://openalex.org/W2065349148', 'https://openalex.org/W2065721727', 'https://openalex.org/W2066258982', 'https://openalex.org/W2066442157', 'https://openalex.org/W2069871021', 'https://openalex.org/W2074229424', 'https://openalex.org/W2076978897', 'https://openalex.org/W2078455576', 'https://openalex.org/W2078966866', 'https://openalex.org/W2082662525', 'https://openalex.org/W2083642669', 'https://openalex.org/W2083769892', 'https://openalex.org/W2084758600', 'https://openalex.org/W2088617046', 'https://openalex.org/W2091511068', 'https://openalex.org/W2091761882', 'https://openalex.org/W2091928938', 'https://openalex.org/W2093479632', 'https://openalex.org/W2095618051', 'https://openalex.org/W2095962524', 'https://openalex.org/W2100368531', 'https://openalex.org/W2103195467', 'https://openalex.org/W2112119676', 'https://openalex.org/W2112637454', 'https://openalex.org/W2114710355', 'https://openalex.org/W2125459839', 'https://openalex.org/W2128833583', 'https://openalex.org/W2130490228', 'https://openalex.org/W2131522803', 'https://openalex.org/W2141553078', 'https://openalex.org/W2148561717', 'https://openalex.org/W2150232152', 'https://openalex.org/W2153749324', 'https://openalex.org/W2160945919', 'https://openalex.org/W2160971034', 'https://openalex.org/W2162301569', 'https://openalex.org/W2164228087', 'https://openalex.org/W2165516546', 'https://openalex.org/W2189405970', 'https://openalex.org/W2212996694', 'https://openalex.org/W2221997444', 'https://openalex.org/W2229116069', 'https://openalex.org/W2233275848', 'https://openalex.org/W2268926634', 'https://openalex.org/W2305893545', 'https://openalex.org/W2315563922', 'https://openalex.org/W2318854291', 'https://openalex.org/W2327531698', 'https://openalex.org/W2475406716', 'https://openalex.org/W2476503556', 'https://openalex.org/W2478424306', 'https://openalex.org/W2493124292', 'https://openalex.org/W2500281702', 'https://openalex.org/W2731404648', 'https://openalex.org/W2784395976', 'https://openalex.org/W2796893166', 'https://openalex.org/W2800626716', 'https://openalex.org/W2895552032', 'https://openalex.org/W3003484589', 'https://openalex.org/W3021080613', 'https://openalex.org/W3121497648', 'https://openalex.org/W3124728362', 'https://openalex.org/W3202912068', 'https://openalex.org/W3215185365', 'https://openalex.org/W383130425', 'https://openalex.org/W386410919', 'https://openalex.org/W4206149478', 'https://openalex.org/W4206417788', 'https://openalex.org/W421219210', 'https://openalex.org/W4214907476', 'https://openalex.org/W4235238852', 'https://openalex.org/W4237939084', 'https://openalex.org/W4238223983', 'https://openalex.org/W4240504604', 'https://openalex.org/W4241065240', 'https://openalex.org/W4242158502', 'https://openalex.org/W4246585420', 'https://openalex.org/W4254652417', 'https://openalex.org/W4298185589', 'https://openalex.org/W4298237134', 'https://openalex.org/W430254451', 'https://openalex.org/W4388128179', 'https://openalex.org/W575097697', 'https://openalex.org/W590803940', 'https://openalex.org/W594954804', 'https://openalex.org/W605247158', 'https://openalex.org/W618483692', 'https://openalex.org/W634424671', 'https://openalex.org/W638131199', 'https://openalex.org/W644383406', 'https://openalex.org/W826955625'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W572415805', 'https://openalex.org/W4360778241', 'https://openalex.org/W3201246798', 'https://openalex.org/W3122611238', 'https://openalex.org/W2761084502', 'https://openalex.org/W2359187108', 'https://openalex.org/W220340811', 'https://openalex.org/W1498965010', 'https://openalex.org/W139798401', 'https://openalex.org/W1043999741'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 127], 'emergence': [1], 'of': [2, 21, 30, 47, 52, 60, 75, 102, 110, 130, 145], 'restorative': [3, 36, 55, 97], 'justice': [4, 13, 31, 41, 48, 56, 61, 87, 146], 'as': [5, 135], 'an': [6, 122], 'alternative': [7], 'model': [8], 'to': [9, 34, 44, 85, 96, 120], 'Western,': [10], 'court-based': [11], 'criminal': [12], 'may': [14], 'have': [15], 'important': [16], 'implications': [17, 74, 137], 'for': [18, 138], 'the': [19, 45, 58, 72, 100, 107, 125], 'psychology': [20], 'justice.': [22, 39, 98], 'It': [23], 'is': [24, 133], 'proposed': [25], 'that': [26], 'two': [27], 'different': [28], 'notions': [29], 'affect': [32], 'responses': [33], 'rule-breaking:': [35], 'and': [37, 80, 88], 'retributive': [38, 86], 'Retributive': [40], 'essentially': [42], 'refers': [43], 'repair': [46, 59], 'through': [49, 62], 'unilateral': [50], 'imposition': [51], 'punishment,': [53], 'whereas': [54], 'means': [57], 'reaffirming': [63], 'a': [64, 68, 143], 'shared': [65, 91], 'value-consensus': [66], 'in': [67], 'bilateral': [69], 'process.': [70], 'Among': [71], 'symbolic': [73], 'transgressions,': [76], 'concerns': [77, 89], 'about': [78, 90], 'status': [79], 'power': [81], 'are': [82, 93, 136], 'primarily': [83, 94], 'related': [84, 95], 'values': [92], 'At': [99], 'core': [101], 'these': [103], 'processes,': [104], 'however,': [105], 'lies': [106], "parties'": [108], 'construal': [109], 'their': [111], 'identity': [112, 123], 'relation,': [113], 'specifically': [114], 'whether': [115], 'or': [116], 'not': [117], 'respondents': [118], 'perceive': [119], 'share': [121], 'with': [124], 'offender.': [126], 'specific': [128], 'case': [129], 'intergroup': [131], 'transgressions': [132], 'discussed,': [134], 'future': [139], 'research': [140], 'on': [141], 'restoring': [142], 'sense': [144], 'after': [147], 'rule-breaking.': [148]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1964285061', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 31}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 38}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 26}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 23}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-12T04:07:01.894204', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}