Title: Vergleichende Untersuchungen der Aminosäuren-Komposition von Vogeleischalen
Abstract: SUMMARY Comparative studies of the amino acid composition of avian egg shells. – Biochemical and taxonomic relations between Galliformes, Gruiformes and Anseriformes 1. The amino acid composition of morphological shell fractions (membrana testacea, biocrystalite layer - acid soluble and acid insoluble matrix - as well as cuticule) of eggs from Galliformes, Gruiformes and Anseriformes were determined and compared. 2. The membrana fraction of egg shells from Galliformes and Anseriformes differ significantly in some amino acid proportions. Otherwise the differences are so small that their amino acid compositions are very similar. 3. The acid soluble matrices of various biological units are characterized by specific amino acid compositions. a. Galliformes: The hokkos have a uniform amino acid composition which differs significantly from that of Phasianidae. Among the Phasianidae the principle amino acid profiles are similar, however, significant differences between genera or group of genera with respect to certain amino acids were observed. Hints to the existence of species specific amino acid profiles in the acid soluble matrices were not found. b. Gruiformes: The amino acid compositions of acid-insoluble matrices of birds of the families of Rallidae, Eurypygidae, Gruidae and Otidae are significantly different. c. Anseriformes: The amino acid profiles of acid-insoluble matrices differ among in one resp. two amino acids. 4. The amino acid compositions of acid-insoluble matrices (without dialysis) are very similar among Galliformes, however, there are remarkable differences in the amino acid compositions of Galliformes and Anseriformes. 5. After the comparison of the amino acid profiles of the cuticle-fraction of Galliformes and Anseriformes it is assumed that for each taxonomic unit specific amino acid patterns exist, as in the acid-insoluble fraction. 6. Typically membranes have a higher cystine content than other shell components. The non-dialyzed acid-soluble matrices of Phasianinae eggshells have a higher content of basic amino acids and a lower content of acidic amino acids than the insoluble matrices. The differences are probably due the dialyzable material. The amino acid composition of the cuticle- and the acid-insoluble matrix fractions differs in single cases very much, however, no general signs of differentiation could be observed. 7. Possible relations between the various amino acid compositions of the organic matrices and the formation of the mineral phase are discussed. Résumé Etudes compareées des compositions des acides amines ‘ oeufs ’ oiseaux. – Relations biochimiques et taxonomiques entre pontes, grues et oies 1. Nous avons analysé et compareé les contenus des acides amines des coquille-fractions morpho-logiques (Membrana testacea - Matrix acide soluble et insoluble de la coquille - et Cuticula) des oeufs des Galliformes, Gruiformes et Anseriformes. 2. Les membranes-fractions des oeufs des «galliformes» et «anseriformes» se distinguent significativement de quelques contenus ' acides amines. Les différences měmes sout tellement petites que les compositions des acides amines peuvent ětre jugées très analogues. 3. Les compositions ' acides amines des Matrices acide-insoluble se présentent comme cidessons: a. Galliformes: La composition d'acides amines de la race de poule «Hocco» se distingue significativement de celle de la race de poule faisane. Les éléments ' acides amines de «Hocco» sont pareilsceux des races de poule faisane se distinguent très peu entre ses families. b. Gruiformes: Les dessins des compositions ' acides amines des Matrices des races de Rallidae, Euripygidae, Gruidae et Otitidae sont presque pareils. c. Anseriformes: Selon des petites differences entre un ou deux contenus d'acides amines on peu juger pareils les compositions' acides amines des races variées. 4. Il y a de grandes différences entre les compositions ' acides amines des Matrices de Galliformes et Anseriformes. 5. Les composition ' acides amines des Cuticula-fractions des poules et des oies ont des dessins ' acides amines specifiques en concernant des unitaires taxonomiques. 6. En regardant ' analyse des membranes on constate un maximum des cystin. Les matrices aci-des-solubles et non dialysés des coquilles des faisan ont plus ' acides amines basiques que les matrices insolubles. 7. On discute les relations entre les compositions ' acides amines de la matrix organique et la formation de la phase minérale.