Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1954066412', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00708.x', 'title': 'Photostabilization of ascorbic acid with citric acid, tartaric acid and boric acid in cream formulations', 'display_name': 'Photostabilization of ascorbic acid with citric acid, tartaric acid and boric acid in cream formulations', 'publication_year': 2012, 'publication_date': '2012-02-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1954066412', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00708.x', 'mag': '1954066412', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22296174'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00708.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137372873', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Cosmetic Science', 'issn_l': '0142-5463', 'issn': ['0142-5463', '1467-2494', '1468-2494'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5071254682', 'display_name': 'Iqbal Ahmad', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8817-3595'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I25974024', 'display_name': 'Baqai Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v2x9m21', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I25974024']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'I. Ahmad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi‐74600, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi‐74600, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I25974024']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5079731673', 'display_name': 'Muhammad Ali Sheraz', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-8178'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I25974024', 'display_name': 'Baqai Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v2x9m21', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I25974024']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'M. Ali Sheraz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi‐74600'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi‐74600', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I25974024']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5017113829', 'display_name': 'Sofia Ahmed', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0731-1237'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I25974024', 'display_name': 'Baqai Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v2x9m21', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I25974024']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'S. Ahmed', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi‐74600'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi‐74600', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I25974024']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5091272798', 'display_name': 'Zufi Shad', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I25974024', 'display_name': 'Baqai Medical University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v2x9m21', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I25974024']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Z. Shad', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi‐74600'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baqai Medical University, Toll Plaza, Super Highway, Gadap Road, Karachi‐74600', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I25974024']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5018566645', 'display_name': 'Faiyaz H.M. Vaid', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I193670377', 'display_name': 'University of Karachi', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bbbc791', 'country_code': 'PK', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I193670377']}], 'countries': ['PK'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F. H. M. Vaid', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi‐75270, Pakistan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi‐75270, Pakistan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I193670377']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 2, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3400, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3400, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.486, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 14, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.518285, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 87, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': '34', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': '240', 'last_page': '245'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10445', 'display_name': 'Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2704', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10445', 'display_name': 'Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress', 'score': 0.997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2704', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10909', 'display_name': 'Edible Oils Quality and Analysis', 'score': 0.9924, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13325', 'display_name': 'Dye analysis and toxicity', 'score': 0.9883, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1602', 'display_name': 'Analytical Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/tartaric-acid', 'display_name': 'Tartaric acid', 'score': 0.93185973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/boric-acid', 'display_name': 'Boric acid', 'score': 0.7720832}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/dehydroascorbic-acid', 'display_name': 'Dehydroascorbic acid', 'score': 0.7521548}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/photodegradation', 'display_name': 'Photodegradation', 'score': 0.42709544}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780048820', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194322', 'display_name': 'Tartaric acid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.93185973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.807781}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776839515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187045', 'display_name': 'Boric acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7720832}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779211342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3116723', 'display_name': 'Dehydroascorbic acid', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7521548}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93391505', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658700', 'display_name': 'Reaction rate constant', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7514589}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2986274086', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199678', 'display_name': 'Ascorbic acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.73058766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779032678', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159683', 'display_name': 'Citric acid', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71568257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13965031', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545', 'display_name': 'Nuclear chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51515925}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162847780', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1902073', 'display_name': 'Photodegradation', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.42709544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148898269', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108792', 'display_name': 'Kinetics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34241608}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C155647269', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243455', 'display_name': 'Medicinal chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34085384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2941469}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161790260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264', 'display_name': 'Catalysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16298094}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31903555', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030', 'display_name': 'Food science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.072995275}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C65165184', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q218831', 'display_name': 'Photocatalysis', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001205', 'descriptor_name': 'Ascorbic Acid', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001888', 'descriptor_name': 'Boric Acids', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019343', 'descriptor_name': 'Citric Acid', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013644', 'descriptor_name': 'Tartrates', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000737', 'qualifier_name': 'chemistry', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001205', 'descriptor_name': 'Ascorbic Acid', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001888', 'descriptor_name': 'Boric Acids', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D019343', 'descriptor_name': 'Citric Acid', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006863', 'descriptor_name': 'Hydrogen-Ion Concentration', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007700', 'descriptor_name': 'Kinetics', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013056', 'descriptor_name': 'Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D013644', 'descriptor_name': 'Tartrates', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2494.2012.00708.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S137372873', 'display_name': 'International Journal of Cosmetic Science', 'issn_l': '0142-5463', 'issn': ['0142-5463', '1467-2494', '1468-2494'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22296174', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'score': 0.85, 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 25, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W13604522', 'https://openalex.org/W1680560033', 'https://openalex.org/W1757571905', 'https://openalex.org/W1970430912', 'https://openalex.org/W1985935702', 'https://openalex.org/W1986031366', 'https://openalex.org/W1987105695', 'https://openalex.org/W1989012672', 'https://openalex.org/W2015649805', 'https://openalex.org/W2024118902', 'https://openalex.org/W2031787159', 'https://openalex.org/W2038809404', 'https://openalex.org/W2044304466', 'https://openalex.org/W2050903671', 'https://openalex.org/W2060875764', 'https://openalex.org/W2063576134', 'https://openalex.org/W2069572482', 'https://openalex.org/W2078564748', 'https://openalex.org/W2082782993', 'https://openalex.org/W2090805523', 'https://openalex.org/W2091103049', 'https://openalex.org/W2098205015', 'https://openalex.org/W2162416468', 'https://openalex.org/W2900504955', 'https://openalex.org/W2916770640'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3200218327', 'https://openalex.org/W2085260981', 'https://openalex.org/W2077072721', 'https://openalex.org/W2071933018', 'https://openalex.org/W2054389636', 'https://openalex.org/W2020088372', 'https://openalex.org/W1991008630', 'https://openalex.org/W1970663467', 'https://openalex.org/W1450803318', 'https://openalex.org/W139548325'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Synopsis': [0], 'This': [1, 189], 'study': [2], 'involves': [3], 'the': [4, 7, 25, 39, 45, 69, 73, 76, 89, 114, 120, 129, 132, 141, 145, 151, 155, 171, 177, 187, 194, 197, 211, 226], 'evaluation': [5], 'of': [6, 9, 27, 75, 116, 131, 134, 136, 150, 157, 165, 167, 173, 196, 199, 213, 228], 'effect': [8, 149], 'certain': [10], 'stabilizers,': [11], 'that': [12, 185], 'is,': [13], 'citric': [14], 'acid': [15, 18, 22, 29, 230], '(CT),': [16], 'tartaric': [17], '(TA)': [19], 'and': [20, 42, 119, 143, 207, 209, 234], 'boric': [21], '(BA)': [23], 'on': [24, 193], 'degradation': [26, 70, 135, 166, 216], 'ascorbic': [28], '(AH': [30], '2': [31, 118, 138, 169, 201, 215, 223], ')': [32], 'in': [33, 44, 58, 66, 72, 101, 111, 127, 140, 144, 154, 170, 176, 186, 236], 'oil‐in‐water': [34], 'cream': [35, 237], 'formulations': [36], 'exposed': [37], 'to': [38, 87, 225], 'UV': [40], 'light': [41, 142, 178], 'stored': [43], 'dark.': [46, 146, 188], 'The': [47, 147, 163], 'apparent': [48], 'first‐order': [49], 'rate': [50, 82, 91, 133, 164], 'constants': [51, 83, 92], '(0.34–0.95': [52], '×': [53, 61, 94, 104], '10': [54, 62, 95, 105], '−3': [55, 106], 'min': [56, 99], '−1': [57, 65, 98, 100, 108, 110], 'light,': [59, 102], '0.38–1.24': [60], '−2': [63, 96], 'day': [64, 109], 'dark)': [67, 112], 'for': [68, 113], 'reactions': [71], 'presence': [74, 172], 'stabilizers': [77, 124, 152, 175], 'have': [78, 84], 'been': [79, 85], 'determined.': [80], 'These': [81, 123], 'used': [86], 'derive': [88], 'second‐order': [90], '(0.26–1.45': [93], 'M': [97, 107], '3.75–8.50': [103], 'interaction': [115], 'AH': [117, 137, 168, 200, 214, 222], 'individual': [121], 'stabilizers.': [122], 'are': [125], 'effective': [126], 'causing': [128], 'inhibition': [130, 212], 'both': [139], 'inhibitory': [148], 'is': [153, 179], 'order': [156], 'CT': [158, 206], '>': [159, 161], 'TA': [160, 208], 'BA.': [162, 221], 'these': [174], 'about': [180], '120': [181], 'times': [182], 'higher': [183], 'than': [184], 'could': [190], 'be': [191], 'explained': [192], 'basis': [195], 'deactivation': [198], '‐excited': [202], 'triplet': [203], 'state': [204], 'by': [205, 210, 232], 'through': [217], 'complex': [218], 'formation': [219, 227], 'with': [220], 'leads': [224], 'dehydroascorbic': [229], '(A)': [231], 'chemical': [233], 'photooxidation': [235], 'formulations.': [238]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1954066412', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T06:41:57.867460', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}