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Title: $VISUAL ILLUSION PROBLEMS.
Abstract: Abstract : A literature search was made concerning purely visual illusions which might originate from lighting or marking of aircraft and which might induce pilots to become involved in near-misses or collisions. A number of areas were identified as potentially capable of causing illusions to pilots. These included the geometrical illusion; after-effects with particular reference to figural after-effects; hypnogogic hallucinations; expectancy (or mental set) and unexpected events; interactions between kinesthetic and visual stimuli; personality variables in response to after-effects and illusions. Recommendations are made for a wide variety of researches but specific attention is drawn to making improvements in the way pilots are taught to utilize their visual sense and research on after-images and figural after-effects. These two effects have received little aviation-related research but hold some likelihood of being a serious source of illusory perception to pilots. (Author)