Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W193185472', 'doi': None, 'title': '[Quality, accreditation and certification in free-market economy. Part I. Quality and quality assurance systems according to international standards].', 'display_name': '[Quality, accreditation and certification in free-market economy. Part I. Quality and quality assurance systems according to international standards].', 'publication_year': 1992, 'publication_date': '1992-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W193185472', 'mag': '193185472', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1465551'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1465551', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5019271478', 'display_name': 'K Ćwiek-Ludwicka', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K Cwiek-Ludwicka', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Zakładu Badania Zywności i Przedmiotów Uzytku Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, Warszawie.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Zakładu Badania Zywności i Przedmiotów Uzytku Państwowego Zakładu Higieny, Warszawie.', 'institution_ids': []}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5064849187', 'display_name': 'Jacek Postupolski', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7961-9188'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'J Postupolski', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058630196', 'display_name': 'Paweł Struciński', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6023-283X'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P Struciński', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 150, 'currency': 'EUR', 'value_usd': 161, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 53}, 'biblio': {'volume': '43', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '3', 'last_page': '9'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11957', 'display_name': 'Food Safety and Hygiene', 'score': 0.2415, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11957', 'display_name': 'Food Safety and Hygiene', 'score': 0.2415, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1106', 'display_name': 'Food Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/11', 'display_name': 'Agricultural and Biological Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/scope', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'score': 0.66133106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-audit', 'display_name': 'Quality audit', 'score': 0.5264814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/product-certification', 'display_name': 'Product certification', 'score': 0.49103522}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/international-standard', 'display_name': 'International standard', 'score': 0.4744766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-control', 'display_name': 'Quality Control', 'score': 0.46411353}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C106436119', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836575', 'display_name': 'Quality assurance', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8994577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C201289532', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608513', 'display_name': 'Quality management system', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.8334124}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46304622', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814', 'display_name': 'Certification', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7718289}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C61521584', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899', 'display_name': 'Accreditation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7439734}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46717995', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268785', 'display_name': 'Quality of analytical results', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.74383384}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778012447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415', 'display_name': 'Scope (computer science)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.66133106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C157934477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9061582', 'display_name': 'Quality policy', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.5971216}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779530757', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505', 'display_name': 'Quality (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5385408}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C140181557', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2288714', 'display_name': 'Quality audit', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5264814}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C514067365', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16155280', 'display_name': 'Product certification', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.49103522}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48886555}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71405471', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012', 'display_name': 'Quality management', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4884864}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776588390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334738', 'display_name': 'International standard', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4744766}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51704429', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827792', 'display_name': 'Quality control', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.46411353}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C110354214', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146', 'display_name': 'Engineering management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39293632}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121955636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214', 'display_name': 'Accounting', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35973704}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112930515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547', 'display_name': 'Risk analysis (engineering)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33650503}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775924081', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371', 'display_name': 'Control (management)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.31304866}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3125614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C21547014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657', 'display_name': 'Operations management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31141376}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28041965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198783460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629173', 'display_name': 'Management system', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2593344}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199521495', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181487', 'display_name': 'Audit', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.24967515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187736073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921', 'display_name': 'Management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11574319}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.10852036}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778618615', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008393', 'display_name': 'External quality assessment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.102335095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C50522688', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833', 'display_name': 'Economic growth', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D000068', 'descriptor_name': 'Accreditation', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002568', 'descriptor_name': 'Certification', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007753', 'descriptor_name': 'Laboratories', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000592', 'qualifier_name': 'standards', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000068', 'descriptor_name': 'Accreditation', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002568', 'descriptor_name': 'Certification', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005062', 'descriptor_name': 'European Union', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D007753', 'descriptor_name': 'Laboratories', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D011786', 'descriptor_name': 'Quality Control', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1465551', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4243017857', 'https://openalex.org/W3177260786', 'https://openalex.org/W2741074195', 'https://openalex.org/W2415121822', 'https://openalex.org/W2334924554', 'https://openalex.org/W2230335000', 'https://openalex.org/W2190533304', 'https://openalex.org/W2067821989', 'https://openalex.org/W2020184475', 'https://openalex.org/W193185472'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'The': [0, 21, 34, 55], 'problems': [1], 'concerning': [2], 'the': [3, 12, 15, 25, 41, 58, 70, 82, 98, 109], 'quality': [4, 6, 44, 85, 88], 'and': [5, 24, 52, 87], 'assurance': [7, 45, 89], 'systems': [8, 90], 'were': [9, 32], 'discussed': [10], 'on': [11], 'base': [13], 'of': [14, 27, 29, 43, 57, 84, 100], 'International': [16, 59], 'Standards': [17, 31, 60], 'series': [18, 61], 'ISO': [19, 48, 50, 53, 62, 93], '9000.': [20], 'structure,': [22], 'scope': [23], 'field': [26], 'application': [28, 83], 'these': [30], 'described.': [33], 'special': [35], 'attention': [36], 'has': [37], 'been': [38], 'drawn': [39], 'to': [40, 68, 92], 'models': [42], 'specified': [46], 'in': [47, 73, 108], '9001,': [49], '9002': [51], '9003.': [54], 'role': [56], '9000,': [63], 'as': [64], 'a': [65], 'useful': [66], 'tool': [67], 'harmonize': [69], 'international': [71], 'trade': [72], 'free-market': [74], 'economy': [75], 'was': [76, 79], 'stressed.': [77], 'It': [78], 'emphasized': [80], 'that': [81], 'management': [86], 'according': [91], '9000': [94], 'is': [95], 'compatible': [96], 'with': [97], 'implementation': [99], 'Hazard': [101], 'Analysis': [102], 'Critical': [103], 'Control': [104], 'Point': [105], '(HACCP)': [106], 'system': [107], 'food': [110], 'industry.': [111]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W193185472', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-07T14:54:39.946581', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}