Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W19137616', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8451-7_10', 'title': 'On the Generation of Topology by External Equivalence-Relations', 'display_name': 'On the Generation of Topology by External Equivalence-Relations', 'publication_year': 1995, 'publication_date': '1995-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W19137616', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8451-7_10', 'mag': '19137616'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8451-7_10', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463937', 'display_name': 'Springer eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020159321', 'display_name': 'Bernd Wietschorke', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I167360494', 'display_name': 'University of Wuppertal', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00613ak93', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I167360494']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Bernd Wietschorke', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Fachbereich 7 — Mathematik, Berg. Univ. Wuppertal, Gau str. 20, D-42119, Wuppertal, Germany'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Fachbereich 7 — Mathematik, Berg. Univ. Wuppertal, Gau str. 20, D-42119, Wuppertal, Germany', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I167360494']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5020159321'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I167360494'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.569385, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 53, 'max': 61}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '122', 'last_page': '131'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11151', 'display_name': 'Advanced Topology and Set Theory', 'score': 0.9714, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2608', 'display_name': 'Geometry and Topology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11151', 'display_name': 'Advanced Topology and Set Theory', 'score': 0.9714, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2608', 'display_name': 'Geometry and Topology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13400', 'display_name': 'Mathematical and Theoretical Analysis', 'score': 0.9644, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2610', 'display_name': 'Mathematical Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/26', 'display_name': 'Mathematics'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/monad', 'display_name': 'Monad (category theory)', 'score': 0.975691}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence-relation', 'display_name': 'Equivalence relation', 'score': 0.75190705}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33959348', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630568', 'display_name': 'Monad (category theory)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.975691}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C156103551', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130998', 'display_name': 'Equivalence relation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75190705}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6786332}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780069185', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945', 'display_name': 'Equivalence (formal languages)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.61147755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184720557', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049', 'display_name': 'Topology (electrical circuits)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.58184755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C91229774', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193885', 'display_name': 'Infinitesimal', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55810237}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C25343380', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521', 'display_name': 'Relation (database)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5326882}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777212361', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848', 'display_name': 'Class (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48940292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C177264268', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741', 'display_name': 'Set (abstract data type)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4868166}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C129089157', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621550', 'display_name': 'General topology', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4781143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112680207', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q714886', 'display_name': 'Regular polygon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4576908}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202444582', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863', 'display_name': 'Pure mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44326267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C164953516', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320357', 'display_name': 'Closed set', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42940438}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C118615104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416', 'display_name': 'Discrete mathematics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3586634}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136119220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000660', 'display_name': 'Algebra over a field', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.34397373}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81332173', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179899', 'display_name': 'Topological space', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3375585}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.25604135}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C156772000', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864475', 'display_name': 'Functor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.1963107}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114614502', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592', 'display_name': 'Combinatorics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.12413108}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134306372', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754', 'display_name': 'Mathematical analysis', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11071721}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.060214967}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C77088390', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513', 'display_name': 'Database', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8451-7_10', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463937', 'display_name': 'Springer eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310319965', 'host_organization_name': 'Springer Nature', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310319965'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Springer Nature'], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10', 'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.45}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 4, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1599667012', 'https://openalex.org/W1998138495', 'https://openalex.org/W2069787050', 'https://openalex.org/W2770156412'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4297492286', 'https://openalex.org/W4242534916', 'https://openalex.org/W4230886426', 'https://openalex.org/W2950345696', 'https://openalex.org/W2557241837', 'https://openalex.org/W2370101300', 'https://openalex.org/W2066084853', 'https://openalex.org/W1978202330', 'https://openalex.org/W19137616', 'https://openalex.org/W1565991732'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W19137616', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2025-01-19T01:47:34.278652', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}