Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1812330204', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0184.1', 'title': 'Study of the Impact of Ice Formation in Leads upon the Sea Ice Pack Mass Balance Using a New Frazil and Grease Ice Parameterization', 'display_name': 'Study of the Impact of Ice Formation in Leads upon the Sea Ice Pack Mass Balance Using a New Frazil and Grease Ice Parameterization', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-06-03', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1812330204', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0184.1', 'mag': '1812330204'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0184.1', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/phoc/45/8/jpo-d-14-0184.1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S162372621', 'display_name': 'Journal of Physical Oceanography', 'issn_l': '0022-3670', 'issn': ['0022-3670', '1520-0485'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320260', 'host_organization_name': 'American Meteorological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320260'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Meteorological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'bronze', 'oa_url': 'https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/phoc/45/8/jpo-d-14-0184.1.pdf', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031355033', 'display_name': 'Alexander V. Wilchinsky', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I71052956', 'display_name': 'University of Reading', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05v62cm79', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I71052956']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210104958', 'display_name': 'Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01jjvj470', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104958']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alexander V. Wilchinsky', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I71052956', 'https://openalex.org/I4210104958']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5004354530', 'display_name': 'Harry Heorton', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-7028'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210104958', 'display_name': 'Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01jjvj470', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104958']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I71052956', 'display_name': 'University of Reading', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05v62cm79', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I71052956']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Harold D. B. S. Heorton', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104958', 'https://openalex.org/I71052956']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5014266618', 'display_name': 'D. L. Feltham', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2289-014X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210104958', 'display_name': 'Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01jjvj470', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104958']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I71052956', 'display_name': 'University of Reading', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05v62cm79', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I71052956']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Daniel L. Feltham', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling, Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210104958', 'https://openalex.org/I71052956']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087976683', 'display_name': 'Paul R. Holland', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-289X'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1319328641', 'display_name': 'British Antarctic Survey', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01rhff309', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1319328641', 'https://openalex.org/I141816643', 'https://openalex.org/I4210087105']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul R. Holland', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1319328641']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 3, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.708, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 35, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.827199, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 94, 'max': 95}, 'biblio': {'volume': '45', 'issue': '8', 'first_page': '2025', 'last_page': '2047'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11459', 'display_name': 'Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11459', 'display_name': 'Arctic and Antarctic ice dynamics', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10644', 'display_name': 'Cryospheric studies and observations', 'score': 0.9974, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11333', 'display_name': 'Climate change and permafrost', 'score': 0.9966, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pancake-ice', 'display_name': 'Pancake ice', 'score': 0.876036}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/ice-divide', 'display_name': 'Ice divide', 'score': 0.69285834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-ice', 'display_name': 'Fast ice', 'score': 0.6323023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lead', 'display_name': 'Lead (geology)', 'score': 0.6091319}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/clear-ice', 'display_name': 'Clear ice', 'score': 0.51109296}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C53398686', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247655', 'display_name': 'Pancake ice', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.876036}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136894858', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213926', 'display_name': 'Sea ice', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7787081}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161798024', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3651008', 'display_name': 'Arctic ice pack', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7603986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174252726', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q661400', 'display_name': 'Ice divide', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.69285834}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126603772', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440067', 'display_name': 'Sea ice growth processes', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.67633516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C87280874', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576515', 'display_name': 'Fast ice', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.6323023}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149767477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7440066', 'display_name': 'Sea ice thickness', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.63128734}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6272502}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777093003', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6508345', 'display_name': 'Lead (geology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6091319}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C16335420', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18205270', 'display_name': 'Antarctic sea ice', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.6063093}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C196735533', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1378564', 'display_name': 'Drift ice', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.60493714}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C158360780', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631516', 'display_name': 'Clear ice', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.51109296}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111368507', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518', 'display_name': 'Oceanography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3603974}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114793014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109', 'display_name': 'Geomorphology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.2052097}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 3, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0184.1', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/phoc/45/8/jpo-d-14-0184.1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S162372621', 'display_name': 'Journal of Physical Oceanography', 'issn_l': '0022-3670', 'issn': ['0022-3670', '1520-0485'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320260', 'host_organization_name': 'American Meteorological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320260'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Meteorological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/69908/1/Wilchinsky_Heorton_Feltham_Holland_2015.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://centaur.reading.ac.uk/69908/1/Wilchinsky_Heorton_Feltham_Holland_2015.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306402273', 'display_name': 'CentAUR (University of Reading)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I71052956', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Reading', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I71052956'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Reading'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/511054/1/JPO-D-14-0184.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/511054/1/JPO-D-14-0184.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401451', 'display_name': 'North American Electric Reliability Corporation Open Archive (North American Electric Reliability Corporation)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I26320469', 'host_organization_name': 'North American Electric Reliability Corporation', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I26320469'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['North American Electric Reliability Corporation'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'acceptedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-14-0184.1', 'pdf_url': 'https://journals.ametsoc.org/downloadpdf/journals/phoc/45/8/jpo-d-14-0184.1.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S162372621', 'display_name': 'Journal of Physical Oceanography', 'issn_l': '0022-3670', 'issn': ['0022-3670', '1520-0485'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320260', 'host_organization_name': 'American Meteorological Society', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320260'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Meteorological Society'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.87, 'display_name': 'Life below water', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 56, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1521315053', 'https://openalex.org/W1567728930', 'https://openalex.org/W1607993511', 'https://openalex.org/W1613849817', 'https://openalex.org/W1632643612', 'https://openalex.org/W1633494613', 'https://openalex.org/W1964227804', 'https://openalex.org/W1969495807', 'https://openalex.org/W1973357849', 'https://openalex.org/W1981344066', 'https://openalex.org/W1992266707', 'https://openalex.org/W1992468894', 'https://openalex.org/W1992838219', 'https://openalex.org/W1999157223', 'https://openalex.org/W1999190077', 'https://openalex.org/W2004796707', 'https://openalex.org/W2006062143', 'https://openalex.org/W2012776435', 'https://openalex.org/W2015834247', 'https://openalex.org/W2016332247', 'https://openalex.org/W2019314030', 'https://openalex.org/W2019698178', 'https://openalex.org/W2023942041', 'https://openalex.org/W2025497646', 'https://openalex.org/W2027366906', 'https://openalex.org/W2041179246', 'https://openalex.org/W2044802177', 'https://openalex.org/W2049044781', 'https://openalex.org/W2051220568', 'https://openalex.org/W2051320594', 'https://openalex.org/W2054072339', 'https://openalex.org/W2061264244', 'https://openalex.org/W2062229179', 'https://openalex.org/W2062506063', 'https://openalex.org/W2064487953', 'https://openalex.org/W2064639601', 'https://openalex.org/W2066545130', 'https://openalex.org/W2069078282', 'https://openalex.org/W2080304488', 'https://openalex.org/W2081385586', 'https://openalex.org/W2086757072', 'https://openalex.org/W2094537555', 'https://openalex.org/W2114276384', 'https://openalex.org/W2134353843', 'https://openalex.org/W2136122779', 'https://openalex.org/W2137838341', 'https://openalex.org/W2146220215', 'https://openalex.org/W2148291074', 'https://openalex.org/W2154067776', 'https://openalex.org/W2155792353', 'https://openalex.org/W2173251738', 'https://openalex.org/W4235710270', 'https://openalex.org/W4237325667', 'https://openalex.org/W4237709807', 'https://openalex.org/W4251217686', 'https://openalex.org/W79015229'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4366606084', 'https://openalex.org/W4283825580', 'https://openalex.org/W3165944342', 'https://openalex.org/W3151917547', 'https://openalex.org/W3130785231', 'https://openalex.org/W2612217149', 'https://openalex.org/W2392655677', 'https://openalex.org/W2123454363', 'https://openalex.org/W1988341989', 'https://openalex.org/W1812330204'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Leads': [1], 'are': [2, 146], 'cracks': [3], 'in': [4, 25, 48, 141, 167, 178, 209, 227, 236], 'sea': [5, 56, 70, 133, 138, 190, 234], 'ice': [6, 32, 46, 57, 71, 76, 95, 108, 139, 165, 184, 191, 206, 213, 223, 235], 'that': [7, 97, 122, 153], 'often': [8], 'form': [9], 'because': [10], 'of': [11, 30, 44, 54, 62, 82, 89, 113, 136, 164, 175, 182, 188, 211, 233], 'deformation.': [12], 'During': [13], 'winter': [14], 'months,': [15], 'leads': [16, 49, 83, 155], 'expose': [17], 'the': [18, 21, 28, 35, 39, 42, 51, 55, 60, 67, 100, 114, 123, 137, 142, 156, 159, 168, 173, 228, 237, 247], 'ocean': [19, 101], 'to': [20, 99, 150, 195, 199], 'cold': [22], 'atmosphere,': [23], 'resulting': [24, 177], 'supercooling': [26], 'and': [27, 119, 144, 148, 215], 'formation': [29, 47, 88, 166, 207], 'frazil': [31, 45, 75, 94, 183], 'crystals': [33, 96], 'within': [34, 221, 246], 'mixed': [36], 'layer.': [37], 'Here': [38], 'authors': [40, 124], 'investigate': [41], 'role': [43], 'on': [50], 'mass': [52], 'balance': [53], 'pack': [58], 'through': [59, 126], 'incorporation': [61], 'a': [63, 86, 127, 151, 179, 218], 'new': [64, 132, 169, 202], 'module': [65, 77, 170, 203], 'into': [66], 'Los': [68], 'Alamos': [69], 'model': [72, 152], '(CICE).': [73], 'The': [74, 106, 162, 186, 201, 231], 'considers': [78], 'an': [79], 'initial': [80], 'cooling': [81], 'followed': [84], 'by': [85, 117, 241], 'steady-state': [87], 'uniformly': [90], 'distributed': [91], 'single': [92], 'size': [93], 'precipitate': [98], 'surface': [102], 'as': [103, 158], 'grease': [104, 107], 'ice.': [105, 134], 'is': [109], 'pushed': [110], 'against': [111], 'one': [112], 'lead': [115], 'edges': [116], 'wind': [118], 'water': [120], 'drag': [121], 'represent': [125], 'variable': [128], 'collection': [129], 'thickness': [130, 232], 'for': [131], 'Simulations': [135], 'cover': [140], 'Arctic': [143, 239], 'Antarctic': [145, 248], 'performed': [147], 'compared': [149], 'treats': [154], 'same': [157], 'open': [160], 'ocean.': [161], 'processes': [163], 'slow': [171], 'down': [172], 'refreezing': [174], 'leads,': [176], 'longer': [180], 'period': [181], 'production.': [185], 'fraction': [187], 'frazil-derived': [189], 'increases': [192, 240], 'from': [193], '10%': [194], '50%,': [196], 'corresponding': [197], 'better': [198], 'observations.': [200], 'has': [204, 217], 'higher': [205], 'rates': [208], 'areas': [210], 'high': [212], 'concentration': [214], 'thus': [216], 'greater': [219], 'impact': [220], 'multiyear': [222], 'than': [224], 'it': [225, 249], 'does': [226], 'marginal': [229], 'seas.': [230], 'central': [238], 'over': [242], '0.5': [243], 'm,': [244], 'whereas': [245], 'remains': [250], 'unchanged.': [251]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1812330204', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T18:21:09.538176', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}