Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1787811423', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.234', 'title': 'Calculation of self-luminous neutral scale: how many neutral steps can you see on that display?', 'display_name': 'Calculation of self-luminous neutral scale: how many neutral steps can you see on that display?', 'publication_year': 2014, 'publication_date': '2014-04-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1787811423', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.234', 'mag': '1787811423'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.234', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S184312719', 'display_name': 'Journal of the Society for Information Display', 'issn_l': '1071-0922', 'issn': ['1071-0922', '1938-3657'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069227552', 'display_name': 'Rob Carter', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1586-5619'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210143298', 'display_name': 'New Castle Historical Society', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04zwvmd78', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143298']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert Charles Carter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['21 Castle Drive Pennsville New Jersey 08070-2419 United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '21 Castle Drive Pennsville New Jersey 08070-2419 United States', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210143298']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5078458798', 'display_name': 'Michael H. Brill', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9812-0363'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael H. Brill', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Datacolor, Inc.; Lawrenceville New Jersey United States'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Datacolor, Inc.; Lawrenceville New Jersey United States', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3090, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3090, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 6, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.629751, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 82, 'max': 83}, 'biblio': {'volume': '22', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '177', 'last_page': '186'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11666', 'display_name': 'Color Science and Applications', 'score': 0.9958, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11666', 'display_name': 'Color Science and Applications', 'score': 0.9958, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10427', 'display_name': 'Visual perception and processing mechanisms', 'score': 0.9914, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2805', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Neuroscience'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12496', 'display_name': 'Color perception and design', 'score': 0.9871, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3207', 'display_name': 'Social Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/achromatic-lens', 'display_name': 'Achromatic lens', 'score': 0.82994646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/luminous-efficacy', 'display_name': 'Luminous efficacy', 'score': 0.6707054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/lightness', 'display_name': 'Lightness', 'score': 0.4605763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast-ratio', 'display_name': 'Contrast ratio', 'score': 0.42873833}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C73313986', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355386', 'display_name': 'Luminance', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.92756}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121535716', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340600', 'display_name': 'Achromatic lens', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.82994646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51858381', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1504173', 'display_name': 'Luminous efficacy', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6707054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776502983', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182', 'display_name': 'Contrast (vision)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.60441464}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778755073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537', 'display_name': 'Scale (ratio)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5016179}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C125245961', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221656', 'display_name': 'Brightness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48034084}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47253445}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C193601281', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19426', 'display_name': 'Lightness', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4605763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C132447839', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353268', 'display_name': 'Contrast ratio', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42873833}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39868718}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.39652267}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.35875422}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31972630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240', 'display_name': 'Computer vision', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.34629905}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09738073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779227376', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497', 'display_name': 'Layer (electronics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C62520636', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944', 'display_name': 'Quantum mechanics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159985019', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790', 'display_name': 'Composite material', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/jsid.234', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S184312719', 'display_name': 'Journal of the Society for Information Display', 'issn_l': '1071-0922', 'issn': ['1071-0922', '1938-3657'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Reduced inequalities', 'score': 0.68, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 23, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1643630418', 'https://openalex.org/W1973880431', 'https://openalex.org/W1982366718', 'https://openalex.org/W1990536315', 'https://openalex.org/W1990568134', 'https://openalex.org/W1995989253', 'https://openalex.org/W2003198209', 'https://openalex.org/W2009582103', 'https://openalex.org/W2019725213', 'https://openalex.org/W2034251640', 'https://openalex.org/W2035246625', 'https://openalex.org/W2039420923', 'https://openalex.org/W2051362775', 'https://openalex.org/W2063988449', 'https://openalex.org/W2106091968', 'https://openalex.org/W2119117126', 'https://openalex.org/W2132176181', 'https://openalex.org/W2138203286', 'https://openalex.org/W2146770988', 'https://openalex.org/W2153815857', 'https://openalex.org/W2155938850', 'https://openalex.org/W2402430243', 'https://openalex.org/W2949746132'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4320518049', 'https://openalex.org/W2941812593', 'https://openalex.org/W2508290138', 'https://openalex.org/W2430771287', 'https://openalex.org/W2412259248', 'https://openalex.org/W2045736422', 'https://openalex.org/W2043598794', 'https://openalex.org/W2027911464', 'https://openalex.org/W2009367027', 'https://openalex.org/W1531437169'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'One': [0], 'of': [1, 4, 17, 67, 75, 93, 99, 112, 137, 149], 'the': [2, 14, 65, 76, 81, 91, 94, 109, 113, 125, 134, 141], 'dimensions': [3], 'visual': [5], 'perception': [6], 'usable': [7], 'for': [8, 42], 'information': [9], 'display': [10, 150], 'is': [11, 36, 72, 84, 130], 'neutral': [12, 21, 100, 128], 'scale,': [13], 'achromatic': [15], 'aspect': [16], 'colour.': [18], 'An': [19], 'existing': [20], 'scale': [22, 101, 129], 'calculation,': [23, 54], 'CIE': [24, 57], 'L*,': [25], 'relates': [26], 'reflected': [27], 'luminance': [28], 'to': [29, 55, 96, 107, 132], 'lightness': [30], 'magnitude': [31], 'and': [32, 106, 116, 140], 'discrimination.': [33], 'But': [34], 'there': [35], 'no': [37], 'similar': [38], 'international': [39], 'standard': [40], 'calculation': [41, 95], 'self-luminous': [43, 52, 127], 'displays.': [44], 'In': [45], 'this': [46], 'article,': [47], 'we': [48], 'introduce': [49], 'a': [50, 73], 'candidate': [51], 'neutral-scale': [53], 'complement': [56], 'L*.': [58], 'We': [59, 89], 'particularly': [60], 'examine': [61], 'its': [62], 'low-contrast': [63, 70], 'gain,': [64], 'degree': [66], 'crispening.': [68], 'This': [69], 'gain': [71], 'function': [74], 'background': [77, 104, 144], 'luminance,': [78, 145], 'from': [79], 'which': [80], 'target': [82], 'contrast': [83], 'an': [85], 'increment': [86], 'or': [87], 'decrement.': [88], 'demonstrate': [90], 'use': [92], 'predict': [97], 'matches': [98], 'across': [102], 'different': [103], 'luminances,': [105], 'model': [108], 'successive': [110], 'thresholds': [111], 'Digital': [114], 'Imaging': [115], 'Communications': [117], 'in': [118, 146], 'Medicine': [119], 'Gray': [120], 'Scale': [121], 'Display': [122], 'Function.': [123], 'Finally,': [124], 'proposed': [126], 'calculated': [131], 'show': [133], 'maximum': [135], 'number': [136], 'discriminable': [138], 'differences,': [139], 'associated': [142], 'optimum': [143], 'representative': [147], 'ranges': [148], 'luminance.': [151]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1787811423', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-09T20:17:46.816744', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}