Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1614094616', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10007', 'title': 'The usefulness of outcrop analogue air permeameter measurements for analyzing aquifer heterogeneity: quantifying outcrop hydraulic conductivity and its spatial variability', 'display_name': 'The usefulness of outcrop analogue air permeameter measurements for analyzing aquifer heterogeneity: quantifying outcrop hydraulic conductivity and its spatial variability', 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-09-02', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1614094616', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10007', 'mag': '1614094616'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10007', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S75830442', 'display_name': 'Hydrological Processes', 'issn_l': '0885-6087', 'issn': ['0885-6087', '1099-1085'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5039395337', 'display_name': 'Bart Rogiers', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8836-0988'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210114391', 'display_name': 'Belgian Nuclear Research Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/020xs5r81', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114391']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I99464096', 'display_name': 'KU Leuven', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05f950310', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}], 'countries': ['BE'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Bart Rogiers', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200e ‐ bus 2410 BE‐3001 Heverlee Belgium', 'Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN) Boeretang 200 BE‐2400 Mol Belgium'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN) Boeretang 200 BE‐2400 Mol Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114391']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences KU Leuven Celestijnenlaan 200e ‐ bus 2410 BE‐3001 Heverlee Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5056305887', 'display_name': 'Koen Beerten', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4218-2733'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210114391', 'display_name': 'Belgian Nuclear Research Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/020xs5r81', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114391']}], 'countries': ['BE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Koen Beerten', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN) Boeretang 200 BE‐2400 Mol Belgium'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN) Boeretang 200 BE‐2400 Mol Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114391']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5044487955', 'display_name': 'Tuur Smeekens', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I99464096', 'display_name': 'KU Leuven', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05f950310', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}], 'countries': ['BE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Tuur Smeekens', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - bus 2410, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - bus 2410, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5006396436', 'display_name': 'Dirk Mallants', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-1981'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210161554', 'display_name': 'CSIRO Land and Water', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/057xz1h85', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1292875679', 'https://openalex.org/I2801453606', 'https://openalex.org/I4210161554', 'https://openalex.org/I4387156119']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Dirk Mallants', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Groundwater Hydrology Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Road-Gate 4, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Groundwater Hydrology Program, CSIRO Land and Water, Waite Road-Gate 4, Glen Osmond, SA 5064 Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210161554']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5082899587', 'display_name': 'Matej Gedeon', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210114391', 'display_name': 'Belgian Nuclear Research Centre', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/020xs5r81', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'facility', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114391']}], 'countries': ['BE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Matej Gedeon', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN) Boeretang 200 BE‐2400 Mol Belgium'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Institute for Environment, Health and Safety Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN) Boeretang 200 BE‐2400 Mol Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114391']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028368658', 'display_name': 'Marijke Huysmans', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8499-8933'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I99464096', 'display_name': 'KU Leuven', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05f950310', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I13469542', 'display_name': 'Vrije Universiteit Brussel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006e5kg04', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I13469542']}], 'countries': ['BE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Marijke Huysmans', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - bus 2410, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium', 'Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - bus 2410, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I13469542']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5015592037', 'display_name': 'Okke Batelaan', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1443-6385'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I99464096', 'display_name': 'KU Leuven', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05f950310', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I13469542', 'display_name': 'Vrije Universiteit Brussel', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/006e5kg04', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I13469542']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I169541294', 'display_name': 'Flinders University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01kpzv902', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I169541294']}], 'countries': ['AU', 'BE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Okke Batelaan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - bus 2410, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium', 'Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium', 'School of the Environment, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - bus 2410, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, BE-1050 Brussels, Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I13469542']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'School of the Environment, Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001 Australia', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I169541294']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5061734411', 'display_name': 'Alain Dassargues', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2247-8390'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I99464096', 'display_name': 'KU Leuven', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05f950310', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I157674565', 'display_name': 'University of Liège', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/00afp2z80', 'country_code': 'BE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I157674565']}], 'countries': ['BE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Alain Dassargues', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - bus 2410, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium', 'Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Department of Architecture, Geology Environment and Civil Engineering (ArGEnCo) and Aquapole Université de Liège B.52/3 Sart‐Tilman BE‐4000 Liège Belgium'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200e - bus 2410, BE-3001 Heverlee, Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I99464096']}, {'raw_affiliation_string': 'Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Department of Architecture, Geology Environment and Civil Engineering (ArGEnCo) and Aquapole Université de Liège B.52/3 Sart‐Tilman BE‐4000 Liège Belgium', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I157674565']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 2, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5039395337'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210114391', 'https://openalex.org/I99464096'], 'apc_list': {'value': 4740, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4740, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.698, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 12, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.701149, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 87, 'max': 88}, 'biblio': {'volume': '28', 'issue': '20', 'first_page': '5176', 'last_page': '5188'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10894', 'display_name': 'Groundwater Flow and Transport Modeling', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10894', 'display_name': 'Groundwater Flow and Transport Modeling', 'score': 0.9999, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2305', 'display_name': 'Environmental Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10572', 'display_name': 'Geophysical Exploration and Monitoring Techniques', 'score': 0.9995, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1908', 'display_name': 'Geophysics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10716', 'display_name': 'Mechanics and Transport in Unsaturated Soils', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2205', 'display_name': 'Civil and Structural Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/permeameter', 'display_name': 'Permeameter', 'score': 0.9848193}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/outcrop', 'display_name': 'Outcrop', 'score': 0.904978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/aquifer-properties', 'display_name': 'Aquifer properties', 'score': 0.67618716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-hydraulic-properties', 'display_name': 'Soil Hydraulic Properties', 'score': 0.552127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hydraulic-conductivity', 'display_name': 'Hydraulic Conductivity', 'score': 0.544309}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogeophysical-characterization', 'display_name': 'Hydrogeophysical Characterization', 'score': 0.540272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unsaturated-soil-mechanics', 'display_name': 'Unsaturated Soil Mechanics', 'score': 0.534095}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-water-characteristic', 'display_name': 'Soil Water Characteristic', 'score': 0.51618}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781349789', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169314', 'display_name': 'Permeameter', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.9848193}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169212394', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531953', 'display_name': 'Outcrop', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.904978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C75622301', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208791', 'display_name': 'Aquifer', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.8187593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C63184880', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2783041', 'display_name': 'Hydraulic conductivity', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.81300366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127313418', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069', 'display_name': 'Geology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.688638}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780103101', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23579048', 'display_name': 'Aquifer properties', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.67618716}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159390177', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9161265', 'display_name': 'Soil science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.55285424}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C94747663', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086', 'display_name': 'Spatial variability', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.51534337}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76177295', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598', 'display_name': 'Groundwater', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4645858}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76886044', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300', 'display_name': 'Hydrology (agriculture)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4519302}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120882062', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28352', 'display_name': 'Permeability (electromagnetism)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4200517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114793014', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52109', 'display_name': 'Geomorphology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31151277}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187320778', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130', 'display_name': 'Geotechnical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.17795399}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C159750122', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023', 'display_name': 'Soil water', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.16004753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C174091901', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2670986', 'display_name': 'Groundwater recharge', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.14640936}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105795698', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483', 'display_name': 'Statistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54355233', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162', 'display_name': 'Genetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41625074', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088', 'display_name': 'Membrane', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.10007', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S75830442', 'display_name': 'Hydrological Processes', 'issn_l': '0885-6087', 'issn': ['0885-6087', '1099-1085'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.53, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6', 'display_name': 'Clean water and sanitation'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 62, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1495193674', 'https://openalex.org/W1499512010', 'https://openalex.org/W1505539306', 'https://openalex.org/W1510304372', 'https://openalex.org/W1511246716', 'https://openalex.org/W1531958500', 'https://openalex.org/W1545117950', 'https://openalex.org/W1587614297', 'https://openalex.org/W1657608520', 'https://openalex.org/W1861725096', 'https://openalex.org/W1932499509', 'https://openalex.org/W1966700145', 'https://openalex.org/W1974210778', 'https://openalex.org/W1984731103', 'https://openalex.org/W1992125333', 'https://openalex.org/W1992639788', 'https://openalex.org/W1994897398', 'https://openalex.org/W2007873570', 'https://openalex.org/W2012589201', 'https://openalex.org/W2018535663', 'https://openalex.org/W2018872567', 'https://openalex.org/W2020334088', 'https://openalex.org/W2020783104', 'https://openalex.org/W2028073292', 'https://openalex.org/W2029151303', 'https://openalex.org/W2029428130', 'https://openalex.org/W2036923746', 'https://openalex.org/W2037481926', 'https://openalex.org/W2039232853', 'https://openalex.org/W2041867673', 'https://openalex.org/W2046716278', 'https://openalex.org/W2050269410', 'https://openalex.org/W2055569359', 'https://openalex.org/W2057311580', 'https://openalex.org/W2058264348', 'https://openalex.org/W2061739146', 'https://openalex.org/W2067138579', 'https://openalex.org/W2070480272', 'https://openalex.org/W2079669709', 'https://openalex.org/W2083583624', 'https://openalex.org/W2085615343', 'https://openalex.org/W2108258626', 'https://openalex.org/W2111954044', 'https://openalex.org/W2118606184', 'https://openalex.org/W2125452378', 'https://openalex.org/W2126346556', 'https://openalex.org/W2129699998', 'https://openalex.org/W2132138354', 'https://openalex.org/W2133550891', 'https://openalex.org/W2133944044', 'https://openalex.org/W2135286226', 'https://openalex.org/W2160680742', 'https://openalex.org/W2164985595', 'https://openalex.org/W2171700994', 'https://openalex.org/W2314716062', 'https://openalex.org/W2524498256', 'https://openalex.org/W292399695', 'https://openalex.org/W4206625796', 'https://openalex.org/W4210690156', 'https://openalex.org/W4233345969', 'https://openalex.org/W93431088', 'https://openalex.org/W999392158'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W590271361', 'https://openalex.org/W4307715298', 'https://openalex.org/W4240186803', 'https://openalex.org/W2920026580', 'https://openalex.org/W2915557678', 'https://openalex.org/W2255873064', 'https://openalex.org/W2151829785', 'https://openalex.org/W2090243890', 'https://openalex.org/W2024667716', 'https://openalex.org/W1964962169'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Abstract': [0], 'Saturated': [1], 'hydraulic': [2], 'conductivity': [3], '(': [4], 'K': [5, 35, 68, 99, 131, 156, 169, 177, 201, 233], ')': [6], 'is': [7, 73, 117], 'one': [8], 'of': [9, 40, 53, 76, 88, 94, 108, 146, 165, 182, 215, 226], 'the': [10, 50, 74, 86, 128, 147, 166, 185, 236], 'most': [11], 'important': [12], 'parameters': [13], 'determining': [14, 34], 'groundwater': [15], 'flow': [16], 'and': [17, 23, 46, 100, 195, 209, 229], 'contaminant': [18], 'transport': [19], 'in': [20, 37, 114, 130], 'both': [21], 'unsaturated': [22], 'saturated': [24, 200], 'porous': [25], 'media.': [26], 'Although': [27], 'several': [28], 'well‐established': [29], 'laboratory': [30, 174], 'methods': [31], 'exist': [32], 'for': [33, 56, 80, 123], ',': [36, 132, 202], 'situ': [38], 'measurements': [39, 91, 137, 178], 'this': [41, 124], 'parameter': [42], 'remain': [43], 'very': [44, 193], 'complex': [45], 'scale': [47], 'dependent.': [48], 'Often,': [49], 'limited': [51], 'accessibility': [52], 'subsurface': [54, 67, 81], 'sediments': [55, 96, 142], 'sampling': [57], 'means': [58], 'an': [59], 'additional': [60], 'impediment': [61], 'to': [62, 65, 97, 198, 238], 'our': [63], 'ability': [64], 'quantify': [66, 98], 'heterogeneity.': [69], 'One': [70], 'potential': [71], 'solution': [72], 'use': [75, 87], 'outcrops': [77, 93, 220], 'as': [78, 119, 203, 205], 'analogues': [79], 'sediments.': [82, 217], 'This': [83], 'paper': [84], 'investigates': [85], 'air': [89, 135, 167, 190], 'permeameter': [90], 'on': [92, 104, 140, 211], 'unconsolidated': [95, 216], 'its': [101, 206], 'spatial': [102], 'heterogeneity': [103], 'a': [105, 120, 180, 212, 223], 'broad': [106, 213], 'range': [107, 214], 'sediment': [109], 'types.': [110], 'The': [111, 218], 'Neogene': [112], 'aquifer': [113, 227], 'northern': [115], 'Belgium': [116], 'used': [118], 'case': [121], 'study': [122], 'purpose.': [125], 'To': [126], 'characterize': [127, 199], 'variability': [129, 208, 234], '511': [133], 'small‐scale': [134, 207], 'permeability': [136], 'were': [138, 158], 'performed': [139], 'outcrop': [141], 'representative': [143], 'over': [144], 'five': [145], "aquifer's": [148], 'lithostratigraphic': [149], 'units.': [150], 'From': [151], 'these': [152], 'measurements,': [153], 'outcrop‐scale': [154], 'equivalent': [155], 'tensors': [157], 'calculated': [159], 'using': [160], 'numerical': [161], 'upscaling': [162], 'techniques.': [163], 'Validation': [164], 'permeameter‐based': [168], 'values': [170], 'by': [171], 'comparison': [172], 'with': [173], 'constant': [175], 'head': [176], 'reveals': [179], 'correlation': [181], '0.93.': [183], 'Overall,': [184], 'results': [186], 'indicate': [187], 'that': [188], 'hand‐held': [189], 'permeameters': [191], 'are': [192], 'efficient': [194], 'accurate': [196], 'tools': [197], 'well': [204], 'anisotropy': [210], 'studied': [219], 'further': [221], 'provided': [222], 'qualitative': [224], 'understanding': [225], 'hydrostratigraphy': [228], 'quantitative': [230], 'estimates': [231], 'about': [232], 'at': [235], 'centimetre‐scale': [237], 'metre‐scale.': [239], 'Copyright': [240], '©': [241], '2013': [242], 'John': [243], 'Wiley': [244], '&': [245], 'Sons,': [246], 'Ltd.': [247]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1614094616', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-08-31T13:35:26.224001', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}