Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1605688763', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4271/902125', 'title': 'Planar Laser Light Scattering for the In-Cylinder Study of Soot in a Diesel Engine', 'display_name': 'Planar Laser Light Scattering for the In-Cylinder Study of Soot in a Diesel Engine', 'publication_year': 1990, 'publication_date': '1990-10-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1605688763', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4271/902125', 'mag': '1605688763'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4271/902125', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210202285', 'display_name': 'SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series', 'issn_l': '0148-7191', 'issn': ['0148-7191', '1083-4958', '2688-3627'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'proceedings-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5040875709', 'display_name': 'Wonnam Lee', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Wonnam Lee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['(The Pennsylvania State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '(The Pennsylvania State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088314364', 'display_name': 'Charles Solbrig', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Charles E. Solbrig', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['(The Pennsylvania State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '(The Pennsylvania State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5049229971', 'display_name': 'Thomas Litzinger', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas A. Litzinger', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['(The Pennsylvania State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '(The Pennsylvania State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058142023', 'display_name': 'Robert J. Santoro', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130769515', 'display_name': 'Pennsylvania State University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04p491231', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert J. Santoro', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['(The Pennsylvania State University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': '(The Pennsylvania State University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130769515']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 4.66, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 21, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.674479, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 86, 'max': 87}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10117', 'display_name': 'Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1507', 'display_name': 'Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/15', 'display_name': 'Chemical Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10117', 'display_name': 'Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies', 'score': 0.9979, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1507', 'display_name': 'Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/15', 'display_name': 'Chemical Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10075', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols', 'score': 0.993, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12095', 'display_name': 'Vehicle emissions and performance', 'score': 0.9844, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2203', 'display_name': 'Automotive Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775925408', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13174856', 'display_name': 'Soot', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.7544769}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203311528', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34132', 'display_name': 'Cylinder', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.65373164}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134786449', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3391255', 'display_name': 'Planar', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.64981973}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780804531', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174174', 'display_name': 'Diesel engine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6054965}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120456961', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028', 'display_name': 'Light scattering', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.52195853}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C520434653', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867', 'display_name': 'Laser', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5133366}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C192562407', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736', 'display_name': 'Materials science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4768397}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191486275', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210028', 'display_name': 'Scattering', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4489573}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C120665830', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620', 'display_name': 'Optics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.44626895}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3432839', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336041', 'display_name': 'Diesel exhaust', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4264254}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171146098', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192', 'display_name': 'Automotive engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.38416147}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C49040817', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091', 'display_name': 'Optoelectronics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37890092}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32249624}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C78519656', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333', 'display_name': 'Mechanical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.24154392}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.23463213}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.22059011}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C105923489', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133235', 'display_name': 'Combustion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.15870944}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1529575}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121684516', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677', 'display_name': 'Computer graphics (images)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.10634595}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C178790620', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351', 'display_name': 'Organic chemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4271/902125', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210202285', 'display_name': 'SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series', 'issn_l': '0148-7191', 'issn': ['0148-7191', '1083-4958', '2688-3627'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.8}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 18, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1561223242', 'https://openalex.org/W1566697802', 'https://openalex.org/W1579507646', 'https://openalex.org/W1967267195', 'https://openalex.org/W1989594932', 'https://openalex.org/W2007234255', 'https://openalex.org/W2015397107', 'https://openalex.org/W2052759806', 'https://openalex.org/W2064337916', 'https://openalex.org/W2067781332', 'https://openalex.org/W2072892476', 'https://openalex.org/W2079666074', 'https://openalex.org/W2084497229', 'https://openalex.org/W2132905138', 'https://openalex.org/W2244601615', 'https://openalex.org/W2259052196', 'https://openalex.org/W2266034733', 'https://openalex.org/W4242077925'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W9444408', 'https://openalex.org/W4388834769', 'https://openalex.org/W4388727491', 'https://openalex.org/W4388651398', 'https://openalex.org/W4289704892', 'https://openalex.org/W2472881502', 'https://openalex.org/W2165882650', 'https://openalex.org/W2092410466', 'https://openalex.org/W2034291736', 'https://openalex.org/W2024933280'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'A': [0], 'study': [1, 31], 'has': [2], 'been': [3], 'experimentally': [4], 'conducted': [5], 'in': [6, 97, 110], 'an': [7], 'optically-accessible': [8], 'DI': [9], 'Diesel': [10], 'engine': [11], 'operating': [12], 'on': [13, 170], '50/50': [14], 'mixture': [15], 'of': [16, 32, 57, 75, 163], 'iso-octane': [17], 'and': [18, 40, 72, 90, 126, 131, 152, 157, 173], 'tetradecane': [19], 'to': [20, 47, 63, 134], 'evaluate': [21], 'a': [22], 'planar': [23], 'laser': [24], 'light': [25], 'scattering': [26, 175], 'technique': [27, 165], 'for': [28], 'the': [29, 49, 58, 78, 98, 102, 111, 115, 124, 128, 138, 167, 171, 177, 181], 'in-cylinder': [30], 'soot.': [33], 'Two': [34], 'simultaneous': [35], 'images,': [36], 'taken': [37, 85], 'with': [38, 83, 145], 'vertically': [39], 'horizontally': [41], 'polarized': [42], 'scattered': [43], 'light,': [44], 'were': [45, 81, 143], 'used': [46], 'determine': [48], 'polarization': [50, 59], 'ratio,': [51], 'C{sub': [52], 'HH}/C{sub': [53], 'W}.': [54], 'This': [55], 'magnitude': [56], 'ratio': [60], 'was': [61, 107, 120, 132], 'employed': [62], 'distinguish': [64], 'soot': [65, 76, 106, 119, 168], 'particles': [66], 'from': [67, 149, 176], 'fuel': [68, 178, 182], 'droplets.': [69], 'The': [70, 160], 'spatial': [71, 155], 'temporal': [73, 158], 'variations': [74], 'during': [77, 180], 'combustion': [79, 99, 112, 146], 'cycle': [80], 'investigated': [82], 'images': [84], 'at': [86, 93, 127], 'various': [87], 'crank': [88], 'angles': [89], 'swirl': [91, 104], 'levels': [92], 'three': [94], 'different': [95], 'planes': [96], 'bowl.': [100, 113], 'For': [101, 114], 'high': [103], 'case,': [105, 117], 'uniformly': [108], 'distributed': [109], 'non-swirl': [116], 'however,': [118], 'mainly': [121], 'observed': [122, 133], 'near': [123], 'wall': [125], 'top': [129], 'plane,': [130], 'exist': [135], 'later': [136], 'into': [137], 'expansion': [139], 'stroke.': [140], 'These': [141], 'results': [142, 148], 'consistent': [144], 'photography': [147], 'earlier': [150], 'work': [151], 'provided': [153], 'improved': [154], 'information': [156], 'resolution.': [159], 'major': [161], 'limitations': [162], 'this': [164], 'are': [166], 'deposition': [169], 'window': [172], 'multiple': [174], 'droplets': [179], 'injection': [183], 'period.': [184]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1605688763', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-13T13:42:22.760466', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}