Title: ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND MAJOR DEPRESSION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF DEPENDENCE
Abstract: Depression and AnxietyVolume 29, Issue 12 p. 1058-1064 Research Article ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND MAJOR DEPRESSION IN THE GENERAL POPULATION: THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE OF DEPENDENCE Andrew Bulloch Ph.D., Corresponding Author Andrew Bulloch Ph.D. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Mathison Mental Health Center for Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaCorrespondence to: Andrew Bulloch, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, TRW Building 4D67, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDina Lavorato M.Sc., Dina Lavorato M.Sc. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorJeanne Williams M.Sc., Jeanne Williams M.Sc. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorScott Patten M.D., Ph.D., Scott Patten M.D., Ph.D. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Mathison Mental Health Center for Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author Andrew Bulloch Ph.D., Corresponding Author Andrew Bulloch Ph.D. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Mathison Mental Health Center for Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaCorrespondence to: Andrew Bulloch, Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, TRW Building 4D67, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4Z6. E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorDina Lavorato M.Sc., Dina Lavorato M.Sc. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorJeanne Williams M.Sc., Jeanne Williams M.Sc. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaSearch for more papers by this authorScott Patten M.D., Ph.D., Scott Patten M.D., Ph.D. Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada Mathison Mental Health Center for Research and Education, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, CanadaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 14 September 2012 https://doi.org/10.1002/da.22001Citations: 48Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Background Substance use disorders and major depressive episodes (MDEs) often co-occur. Alcohol consumption may contribute to the aetiology of depressive episodes and/or vice versa. In Canada, the National Population Health Survey (NPHS) evaluated several aspects of alcohol use and MDE in a large population cohort over 12 years of follow-up. We evaluated the incidence of MDE in relation to different patterns of alcohol use, and examined the incidence of alcohol misuse in respondents with and without MDE. Methods The NPHS is a longitudinal study that began data collection in 1994 and whose cohort has been followed with biannual interviews. These interviews assess MDE using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form for Major Depression (CIDI-SFMD). Another CIDI-SF module assessed alcohol dependence during two interviews. Any alcohol consumption, exceeding moderate drinking guidelines and binge drinking were also assessed. We used logistic regression and proportional hazards models to assess longitudinal relationships between these variables Results Respondents with alcohol dependence were at higher risk of MDE, but any alcohol consumption, exceeding guidelines for moderate drinking and binge drinking were not. Respondents with MDE showed no increase of alcohol consumption, but the risk of alcohol dependence was elevated in depressed men. Conclusion Of direct clinical significance is the bidirectional relationship between alcohol dependence and MDE. Associations between alcohol consumption and MDE were not observed except when dependence was indicated. Alcohol dependence increased the risk of MDE, and MDE increased the risk of alcohol dependence, but only in men. REFERENCES 1Sullivan LE, Fiellin DA, O'Connor PG. The prevalence and impact of alcohol problems in major depression: a systematic review. Am J Med 2005; 118: 330– 341. 2Kessler RC, Crum RM, Warner LA, et al. 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