Title: Policy Debate | Financing the SDGs: Global vs Local Public Goods
Abstract: Editor’s Note : These papers are contributions to the ‘Policy Debate’ section of International Development Policy. In this section, academics, policy-makers and practitioners engage in a dialogue on global development challenges. Papers are copy-edited but not peer-reviewed. Instead, the initial thematic contribution is followed by critical comments and reactions from scholars and/or policy-makers. The initial paper takes the form of a structured interview with Inge Kaul, conducted by Graduate Institute Research Fellow Robin Davies, on the topic of Global vs. National Public Goods in the post-2015 international development framework. Kaul argues that for the good of developing countries and the world as whole, support from developed countries for the provision of global public goods (GPGs), such as climate change mitigation and communicable disease surveillance and control, should be conceived as an international extension of their domestic policies. Financing for GPGs constitutes payment for services rendered, not aid. Likewise, primary responsibility for the production of GPGs should rest with issue- and outcome-oriented ‘tsars’ at both the national and global levels, rather than with overstretched treaty- or country-oriented multilateral organisations. It follows from this that the distinction within the SDG framework between global and national goals is not merely one of level, but one of kind. Global goals call for distinctive financing and implementation arrangements. The initial paper is followed two critical comments, (1) by Robert Glasser, Executive-in-Residence, Geneva Centre for Security Policy, and (2) by Michael Gerber, Ambassador and Special Envoy for Global Sustainable Development, Swiss Federal Department of Foreign Affairs with Luca Etter, Policy Advisor at the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC).
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1587824217', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.2068', 'title': 'Policy Debate | Financing the SDGs: Global vs Local Public Goods', 'display_name': 'Policy Debate | Financing the SDGs: Global vs Local Public Goods', 'publication_year': 2015, 'publication_date': '2015-03-30', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1587824217', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.2068', 'mag': '1587824217'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.2068', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737505774', 'display_name': 'International development policy/Revue internationale de politique de développement', 'issn_l': '1663-9375', 'issn': ['1663-9375', '1663-9383', '1663-9391'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310317831', 'host_organization_name': 'Geneva Graduate Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310317831'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Geneva Graduate Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'doaj'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'diamond', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.2068', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5032198288', 'display_name': 'Inge Kaul', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I24830596', 'display_name': 'Hertie School', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0473a4773', 'country_code': 'DE', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I24830596']}], 'countries': ['DE'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Inge Kaul', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ["Inge Kaul is adjunct professor at the Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany. She specializes in global public goods, with a focus on the financing of international cooperation, public-private partnerships, and global governance including UN reform. She was the first director of UNDP's Human Development Report Office from 1989 to 1994 and subsequently director of UNDP's Office of Development Studies from 1995 to 2005. She is the author of numerous publications on international public economics and finance and was lead editor of the books Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century (1999), Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization (2003) and The New Public Finance: Responding to Global Challenges (2006)."], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': "Inge Kaul is adjunct professor at the Hertie School of Governance, Berlin, Germany. She specializes in global public goods, with a focus on the financing of international cooperation, public-private partnerships, and global governance including UN reform. She was the first director of UNDP's Human Development Report Office from 1989 to 1994 and subsequently director of UNDP's Office of Development Studies from 1995 to 2005. She is the author of numerous publications on international public economics and finance and was lead editor of the books Global Public Goods: International Cooperation in the 21st Century (1999), Providing Global Public Goods: Managing Globalization (2003) and The New Public Finance: Responding to Global Challenges (2006).", 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I24830596']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103752489', 'display_name': 'Robin Davies', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I118347636', 'display_name': 'Australian National University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/019wvm592', 'country_code': 'AU', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I118347636']}], 'countries': ['AU'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robin Davies', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Robin Davies is a Research Fellow at the Graduate School of International and Development Studies and concurrently Associate Director of the Development Policy Centre at the Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University. He is co-editor, with J. Warren Evans, of the book Too Global to Fail: The World Bank at the Intersection of National and Global Public Policy in 2025 (2015). He worked at the\xa0Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) for almost 20 years, including postings in Paris and Jakarta. Most recently, he headed a division with responsibility for global development policy and for multilateral programs and partnerships. He has represented Australia on the G20 Development Working Group, the governing bodies of the Climate Investment Funds, and the OECD Development Assistance Committee. He managed Australia’s program of development co-operation with Indonesia from 2003 to 2006.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Robin Davies is a Research Fellow at the Graduate School of International and Development Studies and concurrently Associate Director of the Development Policy Centre at the Crawford School of Public Policy, Australian National University. He is co-editor, with J. Warren Evans, of the book Too Global to Fail: The World Bank at the Intersection of National and Global Public Policy in 2025 (2015). He worked at the\xa0Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID) for almost 20 years, including postings in Paris and Jakarta. Most recently, he headed a division with responsibility for global development policy and for multilateral programs and partnerships. He has represented Australia on the G20 Development Working Group, the governing bodies of the Climate Investment Funds, and the OECD Development Assistance Committee. He managed Australia’s program of development co-operation with Indonesia from 2003 to 2006.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I118347636']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5052602684', 'display_name': 'Robert Glasser', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801582665', 'display_name': 'United States Agency for International Development', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01n6e6j62', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801582665']}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/I205783295', 'display_name': 'Cornell University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05bnh6r87', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I205783295']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert Glasser', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Robert Glasser is an Executive-in-Residence at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy. From 2007 to March 2015 he was Secretary General of CARE International, one of the world’s largest humanitarian relief and development organisations. He was previously Chief Executive of CARE Australia and an Assistant Director General of Australia’s official aid agency, the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID). Earlier in his career he worked on international energy and environmental policy at the US Department of Energy, and on peace and conflict issues at Cornell University and the University of California. Dr Glasser serves on the boards of a number of organisations, including the Global Call for Climate Action (GCCA), a diverse network of more than 450 non-profit organizations in more than 70 countries focused on advocacy to prevent climate change.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Robert Glasser is an Executive-in-Residence at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy. From 2007 to March 2015 he was Secretary General of CARE International, one of the world’s largest humanitarian relief and development organisations. He was previously Chief Executive of CARE Australia and an Assistant Director General of Australia’s official aid agency, the Australian Agency for International Development (AusAID). Earlier in his career he worked on international energy and environmental policy at the US Department of Energy, and on peace and conflict issues at Cornell University and the University of California. Dr Glasser serves on the boards of a number of organisations, including the Global Call for Climate Action (GCCA), a diverse network of more than 450 non-profit organizations in more than 70 countries focused on advocacy to prevent climate change.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801582665', 'https://openalex.org/I205783295']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5088184579', 'display_name': 'Michael M. Gerber', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2072-2863'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I4210140201', 'display_name': 'Institute for Sustainable Development', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/043r5t677', 'country_code': 'ET', 'type': 'nonprofit', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140201']}], 'countries': ['ET'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Gerber', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Ambassador, Swiss Special Envoy for Global Sustainable Development'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Ambassador, Swiss Special Envoy for Global Sustainable Development', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I4210140201']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5081097516', 'display_name': 'Luca Etter', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2801284820', 'display_name': 'Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/04zbn7k04', 'country_code': 'NO', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2801284820']}], 'countries': ['NO'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Luca Etter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Policy Advisor, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Policy Advisor, Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC)', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2801284820']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 5, 'institutions_distinct_count': 6, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 0, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 0, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 26, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.879122, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 92, 'max': 93}, 'biblio': {'volume': '6', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14209', 'display_name': 'Managing Global Public Goods in Globalization Era', 'score': 0.8641, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14209', 'display_name': 'Managing Global Public Goods in Globalization Era', 'score': 0.8641, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3320', 'display_name': 'Political Science and International Relations'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11168', 'display_name': 'Foreign Aid and Development Policies', 'score': 0.8431, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3303', 'display_name': 'Development'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/global-public-goods', 'display_name': 'Global Public Goods', 'score': 0.545949}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/global-governance', 'display_name': 'Global Governance', 'score': 0.530512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/development-policies', 'display_name': 'Development Policies', 'score': 0.529344}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779010840', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131569', 'display_name': 'Treaty', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63066447}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162222271', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q92779871', 'display_name': 'Public good', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5261383}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187452473', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2897903', 'display_name': 'Goods and services', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48798913}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3116431', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31728', 'display_name': 'Public administration', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48169717}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.46852702}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C552854447', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131201', 'display_name': 'Sustainable development', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44208884}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.33241177}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.28979844}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.19206163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136264566', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810', 'display_name': 'Economy', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.15423536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175444787', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072', 'display_name': 'Microeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.2068', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737505774', 'display_name': 'International development policy/Revue internationale de politique de développement', 'issn_l': '1663-9375', 'issn': ['1663-9375', '1663-9383', '1663-9391'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310317831', 'host_organization_name': 'Geneva Graduate Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310317831'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Geneva Graduate Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doaj.org/article/0abce928830b45f5bc7c570bc1e5455c', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401280', 'display_name': 'DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4000/poldev.2068', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2737505774', 'display_name': 'International development policy/Revue internationale de politique de développement', 'issn_l': '1663-9375', 'issn': ['1663-9375', '1663-9383', '1663-9391'], 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': True, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310317831', 'host_organization_name': 'Geneva Graduate Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310317831'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Geneva Graduate Institute'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': 'cc-by-nc', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17', 'display_name': 'Partnerships for the goals', 'score': 0.47}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4386073083', 'https://openalex.org/W4298047745', 'https://openalex.org/W4255659630', 'https://openalex.org/W4251203402', 'https://openalex.org/W3171757984', 'https://openalex.org/W2479849746', 'https://openalex.org/W2386714880', 'https://openalex.org/W2372414868', 'https://openalex.org/W2357728691', 'https://openalex.org/W2197334434'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Editor’s': [0], 'Note': [1], ':': [2], 'These': [3], 'papers': [4], 'are': [5, 32], 'contributions': [6], 'to': [7], 'the': [8, 38, 57, 75, 84, 93, 99, 108, 151, 164, 183, 186, 256], '‘Policy': [9], 'Debate’': [10], 'section': [11], 'of': [12, 59, 77, 95, 110, 133, 153, 198, 202, 247], 'International': [13], 'Development': [14, 260], 'Policy.': [15], 'In': [16], 'this': [17, 181], 'section,': [18], 'academics,': [19], 'policy-makers': [20], 'and': [21, 47, 98, 120, 124, 159, 166, 191, 210, 231, 237, 261], 'practitioners': [22], 'engage': [23], 'in': [24, 83], 'a': [25, 60], 'dialogue': [26], 'on': [27, 74], 'global': [28, 111, 167, 190], 'development': [29, 87], 'challenges.': [30], 'Papers': [31], 'copy-edited': [33], 'but': [34, 200], 'not': [35, 145, 195], 'peer-reviewed.': [36], 'Instead,': [37], 'initial': [39, 54, 214], 'thematic': [40], 'contribution': [41], 'is': [42, 194, 216], 'followed': [43, 217], 'by': [44, 67, 222, 233], 'critical': [45, 219], 'comments': [46], 'reactions': [48], 'from': [49, 104, 180], 'scholars': [50], 'and/or': [51], 'policy-makers.': [52], 'The': [53, 213], 'paper': [55, 215], 'takes': [56], 'form': [58], 'structured': [61], 'interview': [62], 'with': [63, 157, 171, 250], 'Inge': [64], 'Kaul,': [65], 'conducted': [66], 'Graduate': [68], 'Institute': [69], 'Research': [70], 'Fellow': [71], 'Robin': [72], 'Davies,': [73], 'topic': [76], 'Global': [78, 204, 241], 'vs.': [79], 'National': [80], 'Public': [81], 'Goods': [82], 'post-2015': [85], 'international': [86, 131], 'framework.': [88], 'Kaul': [89], 'argues': [90], 'that': [91, 182], 'for': [92, 107, 138, 142, 150, 207, 228, 240, 259], 'good': [94], 'developing': [96], 'countries': [97, 106], 'world': [100], 'as': [101, 116, 129], 'whole,': [102], 'support': [103], 'developed': [105], 'provision': [109], 'public': [112], 'goods': [113], '(GPGs),': [114], 'such': [115], 'climate': [117], 'change': [118], 'mitigation': [119], 'communicable': [121], 'disease': [122], 'surveillance': [123], 'control,': [125], 'should': [126, 155], 'be': [127], 'conceived': [128], 'an': [130], 'extension': [132], 'their': [134], 'domestic': [135], 'policies.': [136], 'Financing': [137], 'GPGs': [139, 154], 'constitutes': [140], 'payment': [141], 'services': [143], 'rendered,': [144], 'aid.': [146], 'Likewise,': [147], 'primary': [148], 'responsibility': [149], 'production': [152], 'rest': [156], 'issue-': [158], 'outcome-oriented': [160], '‘tsars’': [161], 'at': [162, 255], 'both': [163], 'national': [165, 192], 'levels,': [168], 'rather': [169], 'than': [170], 'overstretched': [172], 'treaty-': [173], 'or': [174], 'country-oriented': [175], 'multilateral': [176], 'organisations.': [177], 'It': [178], 'follows': [179], 'distinction': [184], 'within': [185], 'SDG': [187], 'framework': [188], 'between': [189], 'goals': [193, 205], 'merely': [196], 'one': [197, 201], 'level,': [199], 'kind.': [203], 'call': [206], 'distinctive': [208], 'financing': [209], 'implementation': [211], 'arrangements.': [212], 'two': [218], 'comments,': [220], '(1)': [221], 'Robert': [223], 'Glasser,': [224], 'Executive-in-Residence,': [225], 'Geneva': [226], 'Centre': [227], 'Security': [229], 'Policy,': [230], '(2)': [232], 'Michael': [234], 'Gerber,': [235], 'Ambassador': [236], 'Special': [238], 'Envoy': [239], 'Sustainable': [242], 'Development,': [243], 'Swiss': [244, 257], 'Federal': [245], 'Department': [246], 'Foreign': [248], 'Affairs': [249], 'Luca': [251], 'Etter,': [252], 'Policy': [253], 'Advisor': [254], 'Agency': [258], 'Cooperation': [262], '(SDC).': [263]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1587824217', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-19T03:51:21.209774', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}