Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1574297438', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(88)90047-5', 'title': 'Reference dose (RfD): Description and use in health risk assessments', 'display_name': 'Reference dose (RfD): Description and use in health risk assessments', 'publication_year': 1988, 'publication_date': '1988-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1574297438', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(88)90047-5', 'mag': '1574297438', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3222488'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(88)90047-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S87719511', 'display_name': 'Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology', 'issn_l': '0273-2300', 'issn': ['0273-2300', '1096-0295'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087976351', 'display_name': 'Donald Grove Barnes', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1302368450', 'display_name': 'Environmental Protection Agency', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03tns0030', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Donald G. Barnes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, DC 20460.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, DC 20460.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010402204', 'display_name': 'Michael L. Dourson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-9089'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1302368450', 'display_name': 'Environmental Protection Agency', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03tns0030', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Dourson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5010402204', 'display_name': 'Michael L. Dourson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-9089'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1302368450', 'display_name': 'Environmental Protection Agency', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03tns0030', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Michael Dourson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Office of Research and Development, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), 401 M St. SW, Washington, DC 20460, USA', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5047771879', 'display_name': 'Peter Preuß', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0953-3711'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Peter Preuss', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5087976351', 'display_name': 'Donald Grove Barnes', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I1302368450', 'display_name': 'Environmental Protection Agency', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03tns0030', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'government', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Donald G. Barnes', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, DC 20460.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Office of Pesticides and Toxic Substances, United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Washington, DC 20460.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I1302368450']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023378514', 'display_name': 'Judith S. Bellin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Judith Bellin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103449008', 'display_name': 'Christopher T. DeRosa', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Christopher Derosa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112819080', 'display_name': 'Reto Engler', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Reto Engler', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109882029', 'display_name': 'Linda S. Erdreich', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Linda Erdreich', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086503500', 'display_name': 'Theodore M. Färber', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Theodore Farber', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058680926', 'display_name': 'Penny Fenner-Crisp', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Penny Fenner-Crisp', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5103145773', 'display_name': 'Elaine Francis', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6233-9931'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Elaine Francis', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086929354', 'display_name': 'George Ghali', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'George Ghali', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5033901494', 'display_name': 'Richard Hill', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Richard Hill', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5055651396', 'display_name': 'Stephanie Irene', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Stephanie Irene', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058122950', 'display_name': 'William L. Marcus', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'William Marcus', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5063142800', 'display_name': 'David R. Patrick', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David Patrick', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5028477048', 'display_name': 'Susan Perlin', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Susan Perlin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5022554495', 'display_name': 'Aggie Revesz', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Aggie Revesz', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072174831', 'display_name': 'Reva Rubenstein', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Reva Rubenstein', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5112119115', 'display_name': 'Jerry F. Stara', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jerry Stara', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5036074918', 'display_name': 'Jeanette Wiltse', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Jeanette Wiltse', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023302486', 'display_name': 'Larry Zaragosa', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Larry Zaragosa', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 3800, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3800, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 6.238, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 757, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.992748, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '8', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '471', 'last_page': '486'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10686', 'display_name': 'Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals', 'score': 0.9647, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10686', 'display_name': 'Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals', 'score': 0.9647, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10433', 'display_name': 'Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment', 'score': 0.9632, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1306', 'display_name': 'Cancer Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13840', 'display_name': 'Chemical Safety and Risk Management', 'score': 0.963, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1504', 'display_name': 'Chemical Health and Safety'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/15', 'display_name': 'Chemical Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/reference-dose', 'display_name': 'Reference dose', 'score': 0.74842846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/scrutiny', 'display_name': 'Scrutiny', 'score': 0.71738327}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C51671895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17153670', 'display_name': 'Reference dose', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.74842846}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776050585', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439360', 'display_name': 'Scrutiny', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71738327}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C12174686', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438', 'display_name': 'Risk assessment', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.667986}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112930515', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547', 'display_name': 'Risk analysis (engineering)', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53957367}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776436953', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215', 'display_name': 'Consistency (knowledge bases)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5374594}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C99454951', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068', 'display_name': 'Environmental health', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40524668}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.37460053}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34520227}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.092784554}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C38652104', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521', 'display_name': 'Computer security', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D004785', 'descriptor_name': 'Environmental Pollutants', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000633', 'qualifier_name': 'toxicity', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012015', 'descriptor_name': 'Reference Standards', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004305', 'descriptor_name': 'Dose-Response Relationship, Drug', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004785', 'descriptor_name': 'Environmental Pollutants', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014481', 'descriptor_name': 'United States', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D014484', 'descriptor_name': 'United States Environmental Protection Agency', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-2300(88)90047-5', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S87719511', 'display_name': 'Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology', 'issn_l': '0273-2300', 'issn': ['0273-2300', '1096-0295'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320990', 'host_organization_name': 'Elsevier BV', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320990'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Elsevier BV'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3222488', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.75}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 2, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2049875817', 'https://openalex.org/W4285719527'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4210784828', 'https://openalex.org/W3193040745', 'https://openalex.org/W3138050359', 'https://openalex.org/W2967550622', 'https://openalex.org/W2946634840', 'https://openalex.org/W2417158417', 'https://openalex.org/W2162350346', 'https://openalex.org/W2085558045', 'https://openalex.org/W2013166250', 'https://openalex.org/W2000498638'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1574297438', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 22}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 13}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 27}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 28}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 20}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 16}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-22T12:42:13.242268', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}