Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1572456528', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610586', 'title': 'The determination of glucosamine and galactosamine', 'display_name': 'The determination of glucosamine and galactosamine', 'publication_year': 1955, 'publication_date': '1955-12-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1572456528', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610586', 'mag': '1572456528', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13276341', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1215838'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610586', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210234214', 'display_name': 'Biochemical Journal', 'issn_l': '0306-3283', 'issn': ['0306-3283'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311608', 'host_organization_name': 'Portland Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311715', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311608'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Biochemical Society', 'Portland Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1215838?pdf=render', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5058574684', 'display_name': 'C. J. M. Rondle', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I87208433', 'display_name': 'Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03356n642', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I87208433']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'C. J. M. Rondle', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, S.W. 1.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, S.W. 1.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I87208433']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5109740556', 'display_name': 'W. T. J. Morgan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I87208433', 'display_name': 'Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/03356n642', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I124357947', 'https://openalex.org/I87208433']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'W. T. J. Morgan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, S.W. 1.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'The Lister Institute of Preventive Medicine, London, S.W. 1.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I87208433']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 7.902, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 941, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.998997, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '61', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '586', 'last_page': '589'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14285', 'display_name': 'Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications', 'score': 0.8717, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T14285', 'display_name': 'Biopolymer Synthesis and Applications', 'score': 0.8717, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10602', 'display_name': 'Glycosylation and Glycoproteins Research', 'score': 0.8665, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1312', 'display_name': 'Molecular Biology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10835', 'display_name': 'Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis', 'score': 0.8548, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1605', 'display_name': 'Organic Chemistry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/16', 'display_name': 'Chemistry'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/icon', 'display_name': 'Icon', 'score': 0.75385404}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778805511', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1713', 'display_name': 'Citation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75462955}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778447006', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156474', 'display_name': 'Icon', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.75385404}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C23123220', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826', 'display_name': 'Information retrieval', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.47667006}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.45717552}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161191863', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655', 'display_name': 'Library science', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.397218}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C136764020', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466', 'display_name': 'World Wide Web', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36206517}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D005688', 'descriptor_name': 'Galactosamine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005944', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosamine', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000032', 'qualifier_name': 'analysis', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005690', 'descriptor_name': 'Galactose', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005690', 'descriptor_name': 'Galactose', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000031', 'qualifier_name': 'analogs & derivatives', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005944', 'descriptor_name': 'Glucosamine', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610586', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210234214', 'display_name': 'Biochemical Journal', 'issn_l': '0306-3283', 'issn': ['0306-3283'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310311608', 'host_organization_name': 'Portland Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310311715', 'https://openalex.org/P4310311608'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Biochemical Society', 'Portland Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1215838', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1215838?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1215838', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/13276341', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1215838', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc1215838?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2', 'score': 0.67, 'display_name': 'Zero hunger'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 16, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W148281954', 'https://openalex.org/W1759894762', 'https://openalex.org/W1774817685', 'https://openalex.org/W1877991061', 'https://openalex.org/W1952283126', 'https://openalex.org/W1979137950', 'https://openalex.org/W2073557016', 'https://openalex.org/W2228096232', 'https://openalex.org/W2321183197', 'https://openalex.org/W2344546825', 'https://openalex.org/W2409054305', 'https://openalex.org/W2412687653', 'https://openalex.org/W2434591374', 'https://openalex.org/W25767101', 'https://openalex.org/W4240067741', 'https://openalex.org/W73830974'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4360922125', 'https://openalex.org/W4207071872', 'https://openalex.org/W3175319091', 'https://openalex.org/W2981902742', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W220677501', 'https://openalex.org/W2175435306', 'https://openalex.org/W2076882245', 'https://openalex.org/W2056060060', 'https://openalex.org/W1504514227'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Research': [0], 'Article|': [1], 'December': [2, 135], '01': [3], '1955': [4, 80, 188], 'The': [5, 126], 'determination': [6, 127], 'of': [7, 22, 52, 128], 'glucosamine': [8, 129], 'and': [9, 72, 130], 'galactosamine': [10], 'C.': [11, 15, 118], 'J.': [12, 16, 43, 47, 119, 124], 'M.': [13, 17, 120], 'Rondle;': [14], 'Rondle': [18], '1The': [19, 49], 'Lister': [20, 50], 'Institute': [21, 51], 'Preventive': [23, 53], 'Medicine,': [24, 54], 'London,': [25, 55], 'S.W.': [26, 56], '1': [27, 57, 134], 'Search': [28, 58, 158, 165, 176, 178], 'for': [29, 59], 'other': [30, 60], 'works': [31, 61], 'by': [32, 62], 'this': [33, 63, 206], 'author': [34, 64], 'on:': [35, 65], 'This': [36, 66, 179], 'Site': [37, 67], 'PubMed': [38, 68], 'Google': [39, 69], 'Scholar': [40, 70], 'W.': [41, 45, 122], 'T.': [42, 46, 123], 'Morgan': [44, 48], 'Author': [71], 'article': [73], 'information': [74], 'Publisher:': [75], 'Portland': [76], 'Press': [77], 'Ltd': [78], '©': [79, 187], 'CAMBRIDGE': [81, 189], 'UNIVERSITY': [82, 190], 'PRESS1955': [83, 191], 'Biochem': [84, 132], 'J': [85, 133], '(1955)': [86], '61': [87, 137], '(4):': [88, 138], '586–589.': [89, 139], 'https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0610586': [90, 141], 'Views': [91, 93], 'Icon': [92, 106, 113], 'Article': [94, 192], 'contents': [95], 'Figures': [96], '&': [97], 'tables': [98], 'Video': [99], 'Audio': [100], 'Supplementary': [101], 'Data': [102], 'Peer': [103], 'Review': [104], 'Share': [105, 107], 'Facebook': [108], 'Twitter': [109], 'LinkedIn': [110], 'Email': [111], 'Cite': [112, 114], 'Get': [115], 'Permissions': [116], 'Citation': [117], 'Rondle,': [121], 'Morgan;': [125], 'galactosamine.': [131], '1955;': [136], 'doi:': [140], 'Download': [142], 'citation': [143], 'file:': [144], 'Ris': [145], '(Zotero)': [146], 'Reference': [147], 'Manager': [148], 'EasyBib': [149], 'Bookends': [150], 'Mendeley': [151], 'Papers': [152], 'EndNote': [153], 'RefWorks': [154], 'BibTex': [155], 'toolbar': [156, 161], 'search': [157, 162, 163, 171], 'Dropdown': [159], 'Menu': [160], 'input': [164, 166], 'auto': [167], 'suggest': [168], 'filter': [169], 'your': [170], 'All': [172], 'ContentAll': [173], 'JournalsBiochemical': [174], 'Journal': [175], 'Advanced': [177], 'content': [180], 'is': [181], 'only': [182], 'available': [183], 'as': [184], 'a': [185], 'PDF.': [186], 'PDF': [193], 'first': [194], 'page': [195], 'preview': [196], 'Close': [197], 'Modal': [198], 'You': [199], 'do': [200], 'not': [201], 'currently': [202], 'have': [203], 'access': [204], 'to': [205], 'content.': [207]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1572456528', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 3}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T10:43:20.469335', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}