Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1570527893', 'doi': None, 'title': 'ON SOME VICES OF VIRTUE ETHICS', 'display_name': 'ON SOME VICES OF VIRTUE ETHICS', 'publication_year': 1997, 'publication_date': '1997-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1570527893', 'mag': '1570527893'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://philpapers.org/rec/LOUOSV', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S98143213', 'display_name': 'American Philosophical Quarterly', 'issn_l': '0003-0481', 'issn': ['0003-0481', '2152-1123'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315680', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Illinois Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315680'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Illinois Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5031854506', 'display_name': 'Robert B. Louden', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Robert B. Louden', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5031854506'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 22.347, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 331, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.996855, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': '21', 'issue': '3', 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10297', 'display_name': 'Philosophical Ethics and Theory', 'score': 0.9364, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1211', 'display_name': 'Philosophy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10297', 'display_name': 'Philosophical Ethics and Theory', 'score': 0.9364, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1211', 'display_name': 'Philosophy'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/normative-ethics', 'display_name': 'Normative ethics', 'score': 0.6147143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/deontological-ethics', 'display_name': 'Deontological ethics', 'score': 0.49360573}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/maxim', 'display_name': 'Maxim', 'score': 0.490039}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/reductionism', 'display_name': 'Reductionism', 'score': 0.48167646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/virtue-ethics', 'display_name': 'Virtue Ethics', 'score': 0.471603}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C80038905', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192121', 'display_name': 'Teleology', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8268055}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C111472728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471', 'display_name': 'Epistemology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7081225}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777239683', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157811', 'display_name': 'Virtue', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.63991123}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198626708', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321845', 'display_name': 'Normative ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6147143}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779103253', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q878070', 'display_name': 'Duty', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5636749}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5408952}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C44725695', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288156', 'display_name': 'Normative', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5053485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C553683147', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221373', 'display_name': 'Deontological ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49360573}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2775955634', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1374354', 'display_name': 'Maxim', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.490039}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C173366509', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206829', 'display_name': 'Reductionism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.48167646}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777708924', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086395', 'display_name': 'Virtue ethics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.471603}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C200288055', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2621792', 'display_name': 'Element (criminal law)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4570461}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C197549326', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56003', 'display_name': 'Meta-ethics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4460189}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42551246}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C93474598', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662553', 'display_name': 'Information ethics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.24097514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.23166841}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C27206212', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178', 'display_name': 'Theology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.11743763}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.110724926}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://philpapers.org/rec/LOUOSV', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S98143213', 'display_name': 'American Philosophical Quarterly', 'issn_l': '0003-0481', 'issn': ['0003-0481', '2152-1123'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315680', 'host_organization_name': 'University of Illinois Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315680'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['University of Illinois Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.79, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 5, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1964992311', 'https://openalex.org/W1974186691', 'https://openalex.org/W2062508188', 'https://openalex.org/W2091906096', 'https://openalex.org/W3141006271'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W90646117', 'https://openalex.org/W2612675639', 'https://openalex.org/W2322461150', 'https://openalex.org/W2169097523', 'https://openalex.org/W2157770220', 'https://openalex.org/W2091906096', 'https://openalex.org/W2068341291', 'https://openalex.org/W2061073034', 'https://openalex.org/W2055163968', 'https://openalex.org/W2043212901', 'https://openalex.org/W2035421265', 'https://openalex.org/W2024405378', 'https://openalex.org/W2000505772', 'https://openalex.org/W1990773926', 'https://openalex.org/W1989745301', 'https://openalex.org/W1983800547', 'https://openalex.org/W1981953346', 'https://openalex.org/W1874027904', 'https://openalex.org/W1555723522', 'https://openalex.org/W1479671597'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Tt': [0], 'is': [1, 67, 131, 150, 214, 250, 290, 296, 312, 346, 375, 383, 401, 419, 444, 486, 517, 530, 547, 560, 577, 582, 593], 'common': [2, 102], 'knowledge': [3], 'by': [4, 145, 638], 'now': [5], 'that': [6, 115, 305, 388, 414, 487, 548, 565, 578, 619], 'recent': [7], 'phil': [8], '-^': [9], 'osophical': [10], 'and': [11, 64, 90, 135, 147, 163, 268, 351, 524, 537, 631, 643], 'theological': [12], 'writing': [13], 'about': [14, 457], 'ethics': [15, 76, 482], 'reveals': [16], 'a': [17, 33, 40, 54, 101, 159, 193, 288, 315, 319, 403, 509, 553, 569], 'marked': [18], 'revival': [19], 'of': [20, 32, 49, 75, 83, 94, 110, 118, 137, 155, 176, 187, 195, 203, 211, 224, 254, 257, 266, 276, 282, 326, 344, 359, 369, 398, 409, 438, 464, 494, 501, 617, 624], 'interest': [21], 'in': [22, 174, 222, 247, 252, 280, 328, 367, 407, 436, 483, 496, 505, 596], 'the': [23, 29, 68, 81, 88, 132, 180, 196, 212, 216, 231, 239, 243, 255, 285, 298, 303, 323, 335, 338, 341, 347, 370, 378, 386, 396, 399, 410, 430, 462, 479, 497, 502, 521, 549, 566, 612], 'virtues.': [24], 'But': [25, 455], 'what': [26, 456, 539, 573], 'exactly': [27], 'are': [28, 120, 172, 189, 220, 270, 391, 416, 461, 620], 'distinctive': [30], 'features': [31], 'so-called': [34], 'virtue': [35, 267, 311, 458, 481, 570, 590], 'ethics?': [36, 459, 469], 'Does': [37], 'it': [38, 295, 306, 449, 495, 529, 576, 592], 'have': [39, 100, 647], 'special': [41], 'con?': [42, 342], 'tribution': [43], 'to': [44, 46, 56, 79, 108, 122, 128, 166, 179, 201, 230, 237, 261, 302, 317, 322, 354, 364, 372, 385, 417, 433, 467, 477, 519, 527, 534, 599, 628], 'make': [45], 'our': [47, 453], 'understanding': [48], 'moral': [50], 'experience?': [51], 'Is': [52], 'there': [53], 'price': [55, 69], 'be': [57, 308, 373, 434], 'paid': [58], 'for': [59, 242, 422, 426, 563], 'its': [60, 330, 423, 540, 605], 'dif?': [61], 'ferent': [62], 'perspective,': [63], 'if': [65], 'so,': [66], 'worth': [70], 'paying?': [71], 'Contemporary': [72], 'textbook': [73], 'typologies': [74], 'still': [77], 'tend': [78, 432], 'divide': [80], 'terrain': [82], 'normative': [84, 468], 'ethical': [85, 218], 'theory': [86, 119, 156], 'into': [87], 'teleological': [89, 146], 'deontological.': [91], 'Both': [92, 153], 'types': [93, 117, 154], 'theory,': [95], 'despite': [96], 'their': [97, 177], 'well-defined': [98], 'differences,': [99], 'focus': [103], 'on': [104, 337, 611, 633], 'acts': [105, 390], 'as': [106, 273, 294, 314], 'opposed': [107, 531], 'qualities': [109], 'agents.': [111], 'The': [112, 264, 380, 412], 'fundamental': [113], 'question': [114], 'both': [116], 'designed': [121], 'answer': [123], 'is:': [124], 'What': [125, 130, 460], 'ought': [126, 235, 259], 'I': [127, 626], 'do?': [129], 'correct': [133], 'analysis': [134], 'resolution': [136], 'morally': [138], 'problematic': [139], 'situations?': [140], 'A': [141, 544], 'second': [142, 545], 'feature': [143], 'shared': [144], 'deontological': [148], 'theories': [149], 'conceptual': [151, 606], 'reductionism.': [152], 'start': [157], 'with': [158, 192, 199], 'primary': [160, 515], 'irreducible': [161, 348], 'element': [162, 256], 'then': [164], 'proceed': [165], 'introduce': [167], 'secondary': [168, 277], 'derivative': [169, 274, 404], 'concepts': [170, 265], 'which': [171, 528], 'defined': [173, 198, 221, 251, 435], 'terms': [175, 223, 253, 281, 368, 408, 437], 'relations': [178], 'beginning': [181], 'element.': [182], 'Modern': [183], 'ideologists': [184], '(the': [185], 'majority': [186], 'whom': [188], 'utilitarians)': [190], 'begin': [191], 'concept': [194], 'good?here': [197], 'reference': [200], 'states': [202], 'affairs': [204], 'rather': [205, 511, 532], 'than': [206, 512, 533], 'persons.': [207], 'After': [208], 'this': [209, 225, 356, 465, 506], 'criterion': [210], 'good': [213, 241, 371, 400, 413], 'established,': [215], 'remaining': [217], 'categories': [219, 275], 'starting': [226, 349], 'point.': [227], 'Thus,': [228], 'according': [229], 'classic': [232, 286], 'maxim,': [233], 'one': [234], 'always': [236, 260, 584], 'promote': [238, 418], 'greatest': [240, 244], 'number.': [245], 'Duty,': [246], 'other': [248, 339], 'words,': [249], 'ends?one': [258], 'maximize': [262], 'utility.': [263, 283], 'rights': [269], 'also': [271], 'treated': [272], 'importance,': [278], 'definable': [279, 406], 'For': [284, 334, 622], 'utilitarian,': [287], 'right': [289, 420], 'upheld': [291], 'so': [292], 'long': [293], 'upon': [297], 'whole': [299], 'advan?': [300], 'tageous': [301], 'society': [304], 'should': [307], 'maintained,': [309], 'while': [310], 'construed': [313], 'tendency': [316], 'give': [318], 'net': [320], 'increase': [321], 'aggregate': [324], 'quantity': [325], 'happiness': [327], 'all': [329], 'shapes': [331], 'taken': [332], 'together.1': [333], 'deontologist,': [336], 'hand,': [340], 'cept': [343], 'duty': [345], 'point,': [350], 'any': [352, 484], 'attempt': [353], 'define': [355], 'root': [357], 'notion': [358, 387, 397], 'being': [360], 'mor?': [361], 'ally': [362], 'bound': [363], 'do': [365, 452, 600], 'something': [366], 'achieved': [374], 'rejected': [376], 'from': [377], 'start.': [379], 'deon?': [381], 'tologist': [382], 'committed': [384], 'certain': [389], 'simply': [392], 'inherently': [393], 'right.': [394, 411], 'Here': [395], 'only': [402, 447], 'category,': [405], 'we': [415, 488], 'action': [421], 'own': [424, 541], 'sake?duty': [425], "duty's": [427], 'sake.': [428], 'Similarly,': [429], 'virtues': [431], 'pro-attitudes': [439], 'towards': [440], "one's": [441], 'duties.': [442], 'Virtue': [443], 'important,': [445], 'but': [446], 'because': [448], 'helps': [450], 'us': [451], 'duty.': [454], 'hallmarks': [463], 'approach': [466], 'One': [470], 'problem': [471], 'confronting': [472], 'anyone': [473], 'who': [474], 'sets': [475], 'out': [476], 'analyze': [478], 'new': [480], 'detail': [485], 'presently': [489], 'lack': [490], 'fully': [491], 'developed': [492], 'examples': [493], 'contemporary': [498, 589, 640], 'literature.': [499], 'Most': [500], 'work': [503, 603], 'done': [504], 'genre': [507], 'has': [508, 552], 'negative': [510], 'positive': [513], 'thrust?its': [514], 'aim': [516], 'more': [518], 'criticize': [520], 'trad?': [522], 'itions': [523], 'research': [525], 'programs': [526], 'state': [535], 'positively': [536], 'precisely': [538], 'alternative': [542], 'is.': [543], 'hindrance': [546], 'literature': [550], 'often': [551], 'somewhat': [554], 'misty': [555], 'antiqua?': [556], 'rian': [557], 'air.': [558], 'It': [559], 'frequently': [561], 'said,': [562], 'instance,': [564], 'Greeks': [567], 'advocated': [568], 'ethics,': [571, 591], 'though': [572], 'pre?': [574], 'cisely': [575], 'they': [579], 'were': [580], 'advocating': [581], 'not': [583], 'spelled': [585], 'out.': [586], 'In': [587], 'describing': [588], 'therefore': [594], 'necessary,': [595], 'my': [597], 'opinion,': [598], 'some': [601, 634], 'detective': [602], 'concerning': [604], 'shape,': [607], 'making': [608], 'inferences': [609], 'based': [610], 'unfortu?': [613], 'nately': [614], 'small': [615], 'number': [616], 'remarks': [618, 636], 'available.': [621], 'purposes': [623], 'illustration,': [625], 'propose': [627], 'briefly': [629], 'examine': [630], 'expand': [632], 'key': [635], 'made': [637], 'two': [639], 'philosophers?Elizabeth': [641], 'Anscombe': [642], 'Philippa': [644], 'Foot?whose': [645], 'names': [646]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1570527893', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 66}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 8}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 30}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 6}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-11T09:44:02.276844', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}