Title: Do Mediterranean-type ecosystems have a common history?-Insights from the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae)
Abstract: EvolutionVolume 69, Issue 3 p. 756-771 ORIGINAL ARTICLE Do Mediterranean-type ecosystems have a common history?—Insights from the Buckthorn family (Rhamnaceae) Renske E. Onstein, Renske E. Onstein [email protected] Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorRichard J. Carter, Richard J. Carter Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland Cottage Science, Carterton, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorYaowu Xing, Yaowu Xing Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605Search for more papers by this authorJames E. Richardson, James E. Richardson Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR United Kingdom Universidad de Los Andes, Apartado Aéreo, 4976 Bogotá, ColombiaSearch for more papers by this authorH. Peter Linder, H. Peter Linder Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this author Renske E. Onstein, Renske E. Onstein [email protected] Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorRichard J. Carter, Richard J. Carter Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland Cottage Science, Carterton, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorYaowu Xing, Yaowu Xing Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois, 60605Search for more papers by this authorJames E. Richardson, James E. Richardson Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20a Inverleith Row, Edinburgh, EH3 5LR United Kingdom Universidad de Los Andes, Apartado Aéreo, 4976 Bogotá, ColombiaSearch for more papers by this authorH. Peter Linder, H. Peter Linder Institute of Systematic Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, 8008 Zurich, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this author First published: 22 January 2015 https://doi.org/10.1111/evo.12605Citations: 35Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Mediterranean-type ecosystems (MTEs) are remarkable in their species richness and endemism, but the processes that have led to this diversity remain enigmatic. Here, we hypothesize that continent-dependent speciation and extinction rates have led to disparity in diversity between the five MTEs of the world: the Cape, California, Mediterranean Basin, Chile, and Western Australia. To test this hypothesis, we built a phylogenetic tree for 280 Rhamnaceae species, estimated divergence times using eight fossil calibrations, and used Bayesian methods and simulations to test for differences in diversification rates. Rhamnaceae lineages in MTEs generally show higher diversification rates than elsewhere, but speciation and extinction dynamics show a pattern of continent-dependence. We detected high speciation and extinction rates in California and significantly lower extinction rates in the Cape and Western Australia. The independent colonization of four of five MTEs may have occurred conterminously in the Oligocene/Early Miocene, but colonization of the Mediterranean Basin happened later, in the Late Miocene. This suggests that the in situ radiations of these clades were initiated before the onset of winter rainfall in these regions. These results indicate independent evolutionary histories of Rhamnaceae in MTEs, possibly related to the intensity of climate oscillations and the geological history of the regions. Citing Literature Supporting Information Disclaimer: Supplementary materials have been peer-reviewed but not copyedited. Filename Description evo12605-sup-0001-SupMatt.docx47.4 KB Supporting Information 1. Procedures for DNA isolation, amplification and primers. evo12605-sup-0002-SupMatt.docx26.9 KB Supporting Information 2. Fossil selection and BEAST settings. evo12605-sup-0003-SupMatt.docx25.7 KB Supporting Information 3. Model testing GeoSSE. evo12605-sup-0004-SupMatt.docx17 KB Supporting Information 4. Rhamnaceae phylogenetic reconstruction. evo12605-sup-0001-FigureS1.pdf8.3 KB Figure S1. Rhamnaceae median node ages and the minimum and maximum bound of the 95% highest posterior density of the estimated age of the combined dataset (ITS + chloroplast) against the chloroplast only dataset. evo12605-sup-0002-FigureS2.pdf335.4 KB Figure S2. Sampling proportions of Rhamnaceae tribes and MTEs in the full dataset (phylogeny with 280 species) and the reduced dataset (phylogeny with 214 species) compared to the total (1055 species). evo12605-sup-0003-FigureS3.pdf19.1 KB Figure S3. Rhamnaceae MCC tree resulting from the BEAST analysis including all taxa; posterior probabilities (p.p.) are shown on the nodes. evo12605-sup-0004-FigureS4.pdf354.7 KB Figure S4. Posterior distributions of the GeoSSE analysis estimating speciation and extinction rates for Rhamnaceae MTE-lineages (all MTEs combined) against non-MTE lineages over 100 trees, and for the reduced datasets (I, extinction rate constrained; II, speciation rate constrained). evo12605-sup-0009-FigureS5.zip831.1 KB Figure S5. Posterior distributions of the GeoSSE analysis estimating net diversification, speciation, extinction, and dispersal rates for MTEs of California, the Mediterranean Basin, the Cape, Western Australia, and Chile against the remaining Rhamnaceae over 100 trees, and for the reduced datasets (following model selection, see Supporting Information 3). evo12605-sup-0008-FigureS6.pdf306.6 KB Figure S6. Posterior distributions of the net diversification rate resulting from 100 simulated trees with known speciation and extinction rates (unequal between states in A (left), equal in B (right)), after pruning the tree with states proportionally to obtain our observed proportion of MTE and non-MTE lineages. evo12605-sup-0009-FigureS7.pdf281.6 KB Figure S7. GeoSSE ancestral area reconstruction (states: MTE/non-MTE/both) on the Rhamnaceae MCC tree resulting from the BEAST analysis. evo12605-sup-0001-TableS1.docx20.4 KB Table S1. Rhamnaceae species numbers, habitats and climate zones. evo12605-sup-0002-TableS1.xlsx211.5 KB Table S1. References. evo12605-sup-0003-TableS2.docx68.2 KB Table S2. GenBank accession numbers. evo12605-sup-0004-TableS3.docx18.2 KB Table S3. Comparison of median node ages for Rhamnaceae clades under different scenarios of missing data in the alignment, resulting from BEAST (all same settings, see main text). Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Volume69, Issue3March 2015Pages 756-771 RelatedInformation
Publication Year: 2015
Publication Date: 2015-01-22
Language: en
Type: article
Indexed In: ['crossref', 'pubmed']
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Cited By Count: 51
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