Title: Chapter 6 Pesticide biotransformation in fish
Abstract: This chapter describes the pesticide biotransformation in fish. Aquatic organisms, such as fish that live in and use the aquatic environment, are frequently exposed to pesticides and their derivatives. Exposures are rare from point source discharges, but are more commonly because of the runoff from agricultural fields, domestic uses or specific applications to aqueous environments. Fish are likely to receive exposure through three specific routes: branchial, dermal, and oral primarily through the diet. The chapter explains the biotransformation of pesticide classes in fish such as insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides, effects of mixtures on biotransformation enzymes, species differences and resistance, and environmental factors that affect pesticide biotransformation. The chapter also explains the biotransformation and methods to assess biotransformation. In general, biotransformation of an organic chemical can lead to bioactivation and detoxification in most organisms including fish. The primary organ of biotransformation is the liver, although significant extrahepatic activities have also been observed in kidney, gut, and gill tissues of fish. Biotransformation plays a significant role in species differences in susceptibility with many resistant species capable of pesticide detoxification, whereas susceptible species tend to bioactivate compounds to more reactive intermediates which may be more toxic.
Publication Year: 2005
Publication Date: 2005-01-01
Language: en
Type: book-chapter
Indexed In: ['crossref']
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Cited By Count: 36
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