Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1558181637', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/3527602828.ch7', 'title': 'Grand Unified Theories', 'display_name': 'Grand Unified Theories', 'publication_year': 1989, 'publication_date': '1989-07-19', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1558181637', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/3527602828.ch7', 'mag': '1558181637'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/3527602828.ch7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'other', 'type_crossref': 'other', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5077323159', 'display_name': 'Peter Collins', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3377-3160'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I190082696', 'display_name': 'Durham University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v29qb04', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I190082696']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. D. B. Collins', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Durham , Durham, England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Durham , Durham, England', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I190082696']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5021385547', 'display_name': 'A.D. Martin', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8757-7448'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I190082696', 'display_name': 'Durham University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v29qb04', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I190082696']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'A. D. Martin', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Durham , Durham, England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Durham , Durham, England', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I190082696']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5110009818', 'display_name': 'Euan J. Squires', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I190082696', 'display_name': 'Durham University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/01v29qb04', 'country_code': 'GB', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I190082696']}], 'countries': ['GB'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'E. J. Squires', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Durham , Durham, England'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Durham , Durham, England', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I190082696']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': None, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 5, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.638298, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 71, 'max': 73}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': '158', 'last_page': '186'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10622', 'display_name': 'Quantum Mechanics and Applications', 'score': 0.9843, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10622', 'display_name': 'Quantum Mechanics and Applications', 'score': 0.9843, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3107', 'display_name': 'Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10048', 'display_name': 'Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies', 'score': 0.9785, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10921', 'display_name': 'Neutrino Physics Research', 'score': 0.9523, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3106', 'display_name': 'Nuclear and High Energy Physics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/31', 'display_name': 'Physics and Astronomy'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/so', 'display_name': 'SO(10)', 'score': 0.63407964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/proton-decay', 'display_name': 'Proton decay', 'score': 0.6227881}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unification', 'display_name': 'Unification', 'score': 0.5999288}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/unified-field-theory', 'display_name': 'Unified field theory', 'score': 0.5037121}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C150522085', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382037', 'display_name': 'Grand Unified Theory', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9372803}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C186453547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126', 'display_name': 'Neutrino', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7758845}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C121332964', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413', 'display_name': 'Physics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.7013389}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777340813', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7391961', 'display_name': 'SO(10)', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.63407964}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137305063', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1065997', 'display_name': 'Proton decay', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6227881}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C96146094', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q609057', 'display_name': 'Unification', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5999288}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C109214941', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334', 'display_name': 'Particle physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5958929}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C46451288', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080745', 'display_name': 'Unified field theory', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5037121}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33332235', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362', 'display_name': 'Theoretical physics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.4542551}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52233224', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44363', 'display_name': 'Fermion', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4089679}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.1505731}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199360897', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143', 'display_name': 'Programming language', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1002/3527602828.ch7', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': None, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15', 'display_name': 'Life on land', 'score': 0.71}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4390214231', 'https://openalex.org/W2951760466', 'https://openalex.org/W2951606596', 'https://openalex.org/W2886871992', 'https://openalex.org/W2106174474', 'https://openalex.org/W2078192976', 'https://openalex.org/W2036566554', 'https://openalex.org/W2016832438', 'https://openalex.org/W1798479497', 'https://openalex.org/W1543693977'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'This': [0], 'chapter': [1], 'contains': [2], 'sections': [3], 'titled:': [4], 'General': [5, 33], 'Consequences': [6], 'of': [7, 12, 62], 'Grand': [8, 14, 18, 47, 63], 'Unification': [9, 64], 'Possible': [10], 'Choices': [11], 'the': [13], 'Unified': [15, 19, 48], 'Group': [16], 'G': [17], 'SU(5)': [20, 25, 43], 'Spontaneous': [21], 'Symmetry': [22], 'Breaking': [23], 'in': [24, 42, 46, 57], 'Fermion': [26], 'Masses': [27, 45], 'The': [28], 'Hierarchy': [29], 'Problem': [30], 'Proton': [31], 'Decay': [32], 'Operators': [34], 'for': [35], 'B-violating': [36], 'Processes': [37], 'B': [38, 50], '–': [39, 51], 'L': [40, 52], 'Conservation': [41], 'Neutrino': [44], 'Theories': [49], 'Violation': [53], 'and': [54, 60], 'Massive': [55], 'Neutrinos': [56], 'SO(10)': [58], 'Successes': [59], 'Problems': [61]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1558181637', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-07T10:33:32.860011', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}