Abstract: folding problem in both two and three dimensions using Ant Colony Optimizations and a distributed programming paradigm.They claim that tests across a small number of processors indicate that the multiple colony distributed ACO (MACO) approach outperforms single colony implementations and that experimental results also demonstrate that the proposed algorithms perform well in terms of network scalability.We are very much grateful to the authors of this volume and to the reviewers for their tremendous service by critically reviewing the chapters.