Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1535295935', 'doi': None, 'title': "Risk Reduction of Alzheimer's Disease by Coffee and Caffeine", 'display_name': "Risk Reduction of Alzheimer's Disease by Coffee and Caffeine", 'publication_year': 2013, 'publication_date': '2013-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1535295935', 'mag': '1535295935'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TJP/article/download/32173/27478', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306531941', 'display_name': 'วารสารเภสัชวิทยา (Thai Journal of Pharmacology)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5025830537', 'display_name': 'Saranyapin Potikanond', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8951-8532'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I48076826', 'display_name': 'Chiang Mai University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05m2fqn25', 'country_code': 'TH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I48076826']}], 'countries': ['TH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Saranyapin Potikanond', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I48076826']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5011276115', 'display_name': 'Chaichan Sangdee', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I48076826', 'display_name': 'Chiang Mai University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05m2fqn25', 'country_code': 'TH', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I48076826']}], 'countries': ['TH'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Chaichan Sangdee', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pharmacology,Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I48076826']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 65}, 'biblio': {'volume': '35', 'issue': '1', 'first_page': '21', 'last_page': '40'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11193', 'display_name': 'Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1314', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11193', 'display_name': 'Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling', 'score': 0.9994, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1314', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/13', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11337', 'display_name': 'Tryptophan and brain disorders', 'score': 0.9975, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2803', 'display_name': 'Biological Psychiatry'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10854', 'display_name': 'Bipolar Disorder and Treatment', 'score': 0.9843, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2738', 'display_name': 'Psychiatry and Mental health'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-decline', 'display_name': 'Cognitive Decline', 'score': 0.47132993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/adenosine-receptor-antagonist', 'display_name': 'Adenosine receptor antagonist', 'score': 0.46947038}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/memantine', 'display_name': 'Memantine', 'score': 0.45531332}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779483572', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030', 'display_name': 'Dementia', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.82352555}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778500429', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60235', 'display_name': 'Caffeine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7514699}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779134260', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136', 'display_name': 'Disease', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.71366864}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C502032728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081', 'display_name': "Alzheimer's disease", 'level': 3, 'score': 0.6757311}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.56775427}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776991684', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190012', 'display_name': 'Adenosine', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.480263}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2984863031', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030', 'display_name': 'Cognitive decline', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.47132993}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780634109', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18350222', 'display_name': 'Adenosine receptor antagonist', 'level': 5, 'score': 0.46947038}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779484449', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412189', 'display_name': 'Memantine', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.45531332}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C67907053', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q356147', 'display_name': 'Adenosine receptor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.3749344}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36379874}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.34326088}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.31214452}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.20327583}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778938600', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934', 'display_name': 'Agonist', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/TJP/article/download/32173/27478', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306531941', 'display_name': 'วารสารเภสัชวิทยา (Thai Journal of Pharmacology)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'score': 0.84, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3', 'display_name': 'Good health and well-being'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 103, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1500350553', 'https://openalex.org/W1508789589', 'https://openalex.org/W1514696983', 'https://openalex.org/W1515492821', 'https://openalex.org/W1570708626', 'https://openalex.org/W1570714205', 'https://openalex.org/W1576503935', 'https://openalex.org/W1581985161', 'https://openalex.org/W1620810572', 'https://openalex.org/W1626302529', 'https://openalex.org/W1670130194', 'https://openalex.org/W1703915293', 'https://openalex.org/W1711248712', 'https://openalex.org/W1784703590', 'https://openalex.org/W1803013685', 'https://openalex.org/W1812507791', 'https://openalex.org/W1833368592', 'https://openalex.org/W1866763656', 'https://openalex.org/W1903396856', 'https://openalex.org/W1947395210', 'https://openalex.org/W1963783263', 'https://openalex.org/W1964454256', 'https://openalex.org/W1967381780', 'https://openalex.org/W1967952437', 'https://openalex.org/W1973480064', 'https://openalex.org/W1974808250', 'https://openalex.org/W1975614861', 'https://openalex.org/W1976270387', 'https://openalex.org/W1977592396', 'https://openalex.org/W1978023263', 'https://openalex.org/W1979697031', 'https://openalex.org/W1987330691', 'https://openalex.org/W1989643757', 'https://openalex.org/W1990113288', 'https://openalex.org/W1991369983', 'https://openalex.org/W1993066818', 'https://openalex.org/W1993464225', 'https://openalex.org/W1999299399', 'https://openalex.org/W1999525197', 'https://openalex.org/W1999555301', 'https://openalex.org/W2001617544', 'https://openalex.org/W2002672592', 'https://openalex.org/W2003888115', 'https://openalex.org/W2003889487', 'https://openalex.org/W2005299560', 'https://openalex.org/W2006322693', 'https://openalex.org/W2009631046', 'https://openalex.org/W2017035445', 'https://openalex.org/W2018160227', 'https://openalex.org/W2018654901', 'https://openalex.org/W2020241104', 'https://openalex.org/W2025221408', 'https://openalex.org/W2036966342', 'https://openalex.org/W2038571859', 'https://openalex.org/W2038741223', 'https://openalex.org/W2042244486', 'https://openalex.org/W2043505681', 'https://openalex.org/W2044693211', 'https://openalex.org/W2045209711', 'https://openalex.org/W2045918539', 'https://openalex.org/W2050716208', 'https://openalex.org/W2051376391', 'https://openalex.org/W2052850418', 'https://openalex.org/W2054388625', 'https://openalex.org/W2055411954', 'https://openalex.org/W2059865238', 'https://openalex.org/W2060183829', 'https://openalex.org/W2060838923', 'https://openalex.org/W2061473590', 'https://openalex.org/W2061747759', 'https://openalex.org/W2062989356', 'https://openalex.org/W2065419663', 'https://openalex.org/W2067633386', 'https://openalex.org/W2069930634', 'https://openalex.org/W2073684281', 'https://openalex.org/W2074123947', 'https://openalex.org/W2076831122', 'https://openalex.org/W2082749956', 'https://openalex.org/W2083293065', 'https://openalex.org/W2086834797', 'https://openalex.org/W2091121281', 'https://openalex.org/W2091344818', 'https://openalex.org/W2098533587', 'https://openalex.org/W2109230018', 'https://openalex.org/W2110164780', 'https://openalex.org/W2111425451', 'https://openalex.org/W2113127684', 'https://openalex.org/W2114808612', 'https://openalex.org/W2118092399', 'https://openalex.org/W2118399240', 'https://openalex.org/W2118521236', 'https://openalex.org/W2125202440', 'https://openalex.org/W2128860352', 'https://openalex.org/W2133910658', 'https://openalex.org/W2136838641', 'https://openalex.org/W2137667039', 'https://openalex.org/W2145356433', 'https://openalex.org/W2146548067', 'https://openalex.org/W2149637082', 'https://openalex.org/W2150576468', 'https://openalex.org/W2151654327', 'https://openalex.org/W2163629140', 'https://openalex.org/W2411375596'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3011588972', 'https://openalex.org/W3005380134', 'https://openalex.org/W2895589115', 'https://openalex.org/W2526327988', 'https://openalex.org/W2292922873', 'https://openalex.org/W2286310264', 'https://openalex.org/W2184096763', 'https://openalex.org/W2178165530', 'https://openalex.org/W2164272451', 'https://openalex.org/W2136949300', 'https://openalex.org/W2118004491', 'https://openalex.org/W2079327113', 'https://openalex.org/W2069053836', 'https://openalex.org/W2057613314', 'https://openalex.org/W2043629385', 'https://openalex.org/W2000468913', 'https://openalex.org/W1984039768', 'https://openalex.org/W1974194082', 'https://openalex.org/W1968434465', 'https://openalex.org/W1563121928'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Alzheimer’s': [0, 28, 84, 114, 137, 157, 177, 206, 280, 301, 376], 'disease,': [1, 4, 207], 'a': [2], 'neurodegenerative': [3], 'usually': [5], 'attack': [6], 'susceptible': [7], 'elderly': [8], 'individuals': [9], 'and': [10, 51, 68, 77, 79, 88, 91, 94, 103, 113, 132, 156, 161, 191, 210, 218, 232, 261, 269, 279, 300, 320, 333, 375], 'it': [11], 'accounts': [12], 'for': [13, 24, 42, 371], 'the': [14, 25, 55, 59, 74, 81, 96, 109, 134, 198, 201, 213, 273, 285, 340, 348, 357, 372], 'majority': [15], 'of': [16, 27, 83, 98, 111, 136, 167, 170, 176, 203, 227, 239, 257, 275, 277, 288, 324, 337, 343, 353, 362], 'people': [17], 'with': [18, 205], 'dementia.': [19], 'At': [20], 'present,': [21], 'although': [22], 'drugs': [23, 46], 'treatment': [26, 50, 373], 'disease': [29, 56, 115, 138, 158], 'are': [30, 34], 'available,': [31], 'but': [32], 'they': [33], 'low': [35], 'in': [36, 116, 139, 142, 147, 172, 197, 241, 244, 254, 272, 339], 'efficacy,': [37], 'their': [38], 'usefulness': [39], 'lasts': [40], 'only': [41, 48], '3-5': [43], 'years.': [44], 'These': [45], 'offer': [47], 'symptomatic': [49], 'cannot': [52], 'even': [53], 'slow': [54, 72], 'progression.': [57], 'For': [58], 'last': [60], '2': [61], 'decades,': [62], 'epidemiological': [63], 'studies': [64, 90, 100, 166], 'indicate': [65], 'that': [66, 101, 183, 252, 264], 'coffee': [67, 102, 148], 'caffeine': [69, 104, 119, 160, 171, 184, 311, 354], 'consumption': [70, 120], 'can': [71, 105], 'down': [73], 'cognitive': [75, 130], 'decline': [76, 131], 'dementia': [78, 112, 155, 278, 299, 374], 'reduce': [80, 108, 129], 'risk': [82, 110, 135], 'disease.': [85, 178, 281, 302, 377], 'Recently,': [86], 'case-control': [87], 'cohort': [89], 'meta-analysis': [92], 'support': [93], 'extend': [95], 'results': [97, 253], 'earlier': [99], 'prevent': [106], 'or': [107], 'humans.': [117], 'Surprisingly,': [118], 'has': [121, 312], 'been': [122, 313], 'found': [123, 314], 'to': [124, 128, 149, 212, 224, 305, 315, 321, 334, 356], 'be': [125], 'more': [126], 'efficacious': [127], 'lower': [133], 'women': [140], 'than': [141], 'men.': [143], 'The': [144], 'active': [145], 'substance': [146], 'exert': [150], 'protective': [151, 296], 'effects': [152, 297, 352], 'on': [153], 'cognition,': [154], 'is': [159, 180, 270], 'supportive': [162], 'evidence': [163], 'derives': [164], 'from': [165], 'direct': [168], 'effect': [169], 'several': [173], 'animal': [174], 'models': [175], 'It': [179], 'well': [181], 'accepted': [182], 'acts': [185], 'as': [186], 'adenosine': [187, 234, 240], 'A': [188, 192, 228, 248, 289, 306, 366], '1': [189], '2A': [193, 229, 249, 290, 307, 367], 'receptors': [195, 231, 251, 309], 'antagonist': [196, 370], 'brain.': [199], 'In': [200, 303], 'brain': [202, 214, 267, 325, 344], 'patients': [204], 'certain': [208], 'elderly,': [209], 'insults': [211], 'including': [215], 'ischemia,': [216], 'neuro-inflammation,': [217], 'amyloid': [219, 262, 326], 'β': [220, 263, 327], 'deposition,': [221], 'all': [222], 'lead': [223, 355], 'over': [225, 286], 'expression': [226, 287, 336], 'increased': [233, 255], 'levels.': [235], 'Abnormally': [236], 'high': [237], 'levels': [238, 256], 'these': [242], 'settings': [243], 'turn': [245], 'overly': [246], 'activates': [247], 'glutamate,': [258], 'pro-inflammatory': [259], 'factors,': [260], 'finally': [265], 'cause': [266], 'damage': [268], 'implicated': [271], 'basis': [274], 'pathogenesis': [276], 'Caffeine,': [282], 'by': [283, 328], 'blocking': [284], 'receptors,': [292], 'therefore': [293], 'renders': [294], 'its': [295], 'against': [298, 317], 'addition': [304], 'antagonism,': [310], 'protect': [316], 'blood-barrier': [318], 'disruption': [319], 'increase': [322, 335], 'excretion': [323], 'increasing': [329], 'cerebrospinal': [330], 'fluid': [331], 'synthesis': [332], 'P-glycoprotein': [338], 'endothelial': [341], 'membrane': [342], 'blood': [345], 'vessels.': [346], 'From': [347], 'above': [349], 'mentioned': [350], 'beneficial': [351], 'phase': [358], '2-3': [359], 'clinical': [360], 'trial': [361], 'newly': [363], 'developed': [364], 'selective': [365], 'receptor': [369]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1535295935', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-05T22:37:17.825575', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}