Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1533217169', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/18374', 'title': 'Robust Feature Extraction and Iris Recognition for Biometric Personal Identification', 'display_name': 'Robust Feature Extraction and Iris Recognition for Biometric Personal Identification', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-10-21', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1533217169', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/18374', 'mag': '1533217169'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/18374', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463447', 'display_name': 'InTech eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/18374', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111441600', 'display_name': 'R. Lullus Lambang G Hidayat', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Rahib Hidayat', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5111441601', 'display_name': 'Kemal Ihsan', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Kemal Ihsan', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.432, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 10, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.857839, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 85, 'max': 86}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10828', 'display_name': 'Biometric Identification and Security', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1711', 'display_name': 'Signal Processing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10828', 'display_name': 'Biometric Identification and Security', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1711', 'display_name': 'Signal Processing'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11800', 'display_name': 'User Authentication and Security Systems', 'score': 0.9782, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1710', 'display_name': 'Information Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/17', 'display_name': 'Computer Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13192', 'display_name': 'Forensic Fingerprint Detection Methods', 'score': 0.9689, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3311', 'display_name': 'Safety Research'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/iris-recognition', 'display_name': 'Iris Recognition', 'score': 0.66705656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/identification', 'display_name': 'Identification', 'score': 0.5991684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/iris', 'display_name': 'IRIS (biosensor)', 'score': 0.53706485}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C184297639', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765', 'display_name': 'Biometrics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.8631877}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C112356035', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1672722', 'display_name': 'Iris recognition', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.66705656}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.65903515}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C116834253', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217', 'display_name': 'Identification (biology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5991684}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5646331}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153180895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389', 'display_name': 'Pattern recognition (psychology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5637108}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779503344', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973514', 'display_name': 'IRIS (biosensor)', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.53706485}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C52622490', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626', 'display_name': 'Feature extraction', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46058577}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C31972630', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240', 'display_name': 'Computer vision', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.40046978}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.05150339}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C59822182', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441', 'display_name': 'Botany', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.03157562}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/18374', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463447', 'display_name': 'InTech eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/18374', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463447', 'display_name': 'InTech eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 37, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1516512487', 'https://openalex.org/W1522152527', 'https://openalex.org/W1539013634', 'https://openalex.org/W1574880210', 'https://openalex.org/W1591079792', 'https://openalex.org/W163774565', 'https://openalex.org/W178227285', 'https://openalex.org/W1804893443', 'https://openalex.org/W1836069634', 'https://openalex.org/W1903589580', 'https://openalex.org/W1974821667', 'https://openalex.org/W1981189543', 'https://openalex.org/W1998008708', 'https://openalex.org/W2008000154', 'https://openalex.org/W2008338741', 'https://openalex.org/W2051068139', 'https://openalex.org/W2053875060', 'https://openalex.org/W2074023834', 'https://openalex.org/W2082966690', 'https://openalex.org/W2088769703', 'https://openalex.org/W2094214226', 'https://openalex.org/W2096194148', 'https://openalex.org/W2096832794', 'https://openalex.org/W2098155230', 'https://openalex.org/W2104311988', 'https://openalex.org/W2105542305', 'https://openalex.org/W2114212719', 'https://openalex.org/W2118637432', 'https://openalex.org/W2133003941', 'https://openalex.org/W2133059825', 'https://openalex.org/W2143651794', 'https://openalex.org/W2159347931', 'https://openalex.org/W2164017354', 'https://openalex.org/W2167075312', 'https://openalex.org/W2171759622', 'https://openalex.org/W26264755', 'https://openalex.org/W3141942163'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2952386695', 'https://openalex.org/W2759939383', 'https://openalex.org/W2573408845', 'https://openalex.org/W2557390811', 'https://openalex.org/W2355560018', 'https://openalex.org/W2294693339', 'https://openalex.org/W2162640687', 'https://openalex.org/W2151970936', 'https://openalex.org/W2147209541', 'https://openalex.org/W2018223046'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Humans': [0], 'have': [1, 120], 'distinctive': [2], 'and': [3, 113, 142, 192, 200, 214, 226, 256, 296, 314, 326, 333, 339, 355, 366, 377], 'unique': [4, 279], 'traits': [5, 25], 'which': [6], 'can': [7, 33, 144, 286], 'be': [8, 34, 145, 287], 'used': [9, 35, 146], 'to': [10, 59], 'distinguish': [11], 'them': [12, 133], 'from': [13], 'other': [14], 'humans,': [15], 'acting': [16], 'as': [17, 147, 268], 'a': [18, 121, 138, 152, 155], 'form': [19], 'of': [20, 24, 31, 65, 74, 82, 108, 124, 159, 173, 179, 190, 198, 222, 236, 298, 303, 322, 330, 336, 342], 'identification.': [21, 38], 'A': [22], 'number': [23], 'characterising': [26], 'physiological': [27, 40], 'or': [28, 151], 'behavioral': [29, 60], 'characteristics': [30, 41, 67, 84, 266, 277], 'human': [32, 79, 164, 202], 'for': [36, 68, 85, 280], 'biometric': [37], 'Basic': [39], 'are': [42, 57, 71, 182, 278, 345], 'face,': [43], 'facial': [44], 'thermograms,': [45], 'fingerprint,': [46], 'iris,': [47], 'retina,': [48], 'hand': [49], 'geometry,': [50], 'odour/scent.': [51], 'Voice,': [52], 'signature,': [53], 'typing': [54], 'rhythm,': [55], 'gait': [56], 'related': [58], 'characteristics.': [61], 'The': [62, 106, 135, 238, 260, 347], 'critical': [63], 'attributes': [64], 'these': [66, 83, 104, 290, 304], 'reliably': [69], 'recognition': [70, 195, 219, 240, 284, 297], 'the': [72, 78, 98, 163, 177, 180, 223, 251, 254, 257, 299, 320, 323, 331, 334, 337, 343, 353, 358, 364], 'variations': [73], 'selected': [75], 'characteristic': [76, 100], 'across': [77], 'population,': [80], 'uniqueness': [81, 191], 'each': [86, 281], 'individual,': [87], 'their': [88, 127], 'immutability': [89], 'over': [90, 168], 'time': [91], '(Jain': [92, 185], 'et': [93, 186], 'al.,1998).': [94], 'Human': [95], 'iris': [96, 109, 136, 165, 181, 194, 239, 261, 293, 300, 311, 317, 332, 354, 367], 'is': [97, 110, 130, 137, 166, 196, 220, 250, 350, 361], 'best': [99], 'when': [101], 'we': [102], 'consider': [103], 'attributes.': [105], 'texture': [107, 262], 'complex,': [111], 'unique,': [112], 'very': [114, 156], 'stable': [115], 'throughout': [116], 'life.': [117], 'Iris': [118, 218, 249, 283], 'patterns': [119, 178], 'high': [122, 157], 'degree': [123, 158], 'randomness': [125], 'in': [126, 211, 234, 374], 'structure.': [128], 'This': [129], 'what': [131], 'makes': [132], 'unique.': [134], 'protected': [139], 'internal': [140], 'organ': [141], 'it': [143], 'an': [148, 231], 'identity': [149, 160], 'document': [150], 'password': [153], 'offering': [154], 'assurance.': [161], 'Also': [162], 'immutable': [167], 'time.': [169], 'From': [170], 'one': [171, 197, 221], 'year': [172], 'age': [174], 'until': [175], 'death,': [176], 'relatively': [183], 'constant': [184], 'al.,1998,': [187], 'Adler,1965).': [188], 'Because': [189], 'immutability,': [193], 'accurate': [199, 227, 243], 'reliable': [201, 225], 'identification': [203, 235], 'technique.': [204], 'Nowadays': [205], 'biometrics': [206, 228], 'technology': [207], 'plays': [208, 230], 'important': [209, 232], 'role': [210, 233], 'public': [212], 'security': [213, 216], 'information': [215], 'domains.': [217], 'most': [224], 'that': [229], 'individuals.': [237], 'method': [241], 'deliver': [242], 'results': [244], 'under': [245], 'varied': [246], 'environmental': [247], 'circumstances.': [248], 'part': [252], 'between': [253], 'pupil': [255, 356], 'white': [258], 'sclera.': [259], 'provides': [263], 'many': [264], 'minute': [265], 'such': [267], 'freckles,': [269], 'coronas,': [270], 'stripes,': [271], 'furrows,': [272], 'crypts': [273], '(Adler,1965).': [274], 'These': [275], 'visible': [276], 'subject.': [282], 'process': [285], 'separated': [288], 'into': [289], 'basic': [291], 'stages:': [292], 'capturing,': [294], 'preprocessing': [295], 'region.': [301], 'Each': [302], 'steps': [305], 'uses': [306], 'different': [307, 372], 'algorithms.': [308], 'Pre-processing': [309], 'includes': [310], 'localization,': [312], 'normalization,': [313], 'enhancement.': [315], 'In': [316], 'localization': [318], 'step,': [319], 'detection': [321, 335], 'inner': [324, 348], '(pupillary)': [325], 'outer': [327, 359], '(limbic)': [328], 'circles': [329], 'upper': [338], 'lower': [340], 'bound': [341], 'eyelids': [344], 'performed.': [346], 'circle': [349, 360], 'located': [351, 362], 'on': [352, 363], 'boundary,': [357], 'sclera': [365], 'boundary.': [368], 'Today': [369], 'researchers': [370], 'follow': [371], 'methods': [373], 'finding': [375], 'pupillary': [376], 'limbic': [378]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1533217169', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T05:43:11.002852', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}