Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1528082553', 'doi': None, 'title': 'General Richard Cavazos and the Korean War, 1953: A Study in Combat Leadership', 'display_name': 'General Richard Cavazos and the Korean War, 1953: A Study in Combat Leadership', 'publication_year': 2012, 'publication_date': '2012-07-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1528082553', 'mag': '1528082553'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-299639522/general-richard-cavazos-and-the-korean-war-1953', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764787750', 'display_name': 'Military review', 'issn_l': '0026-4148', 'issn': ['0026-4148'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315718', 'host_organization_name': 'The MIT Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315718'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The MIT Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5086686963', 'display_name': 'Thomas C. Graves', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Thomas C. Graves', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5086686963'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.0, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 0, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.0, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 0, 'max': 64}, 'biblio': {'volume': '92', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '65', 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13337', 'display_name': 'Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies', 'score': 0.8888, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13337', 'display_name': 'Korean Peninsula Historical and Political Studies', 'score': 0.8888, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3312', 'display_name': 'Sociology and Political Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12323', 'display_name': 'Asian American and Pacific Histories', 'score': 0.8416, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3316', 'display_name': 'Cultural Studies'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11198', 'display_name': 'Japanese History and Culture', 'score': 0.785, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3316', 'display_name': 'Cultural Studies'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/33', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/infantry', 'display_name': 'Infantry', 'score': 0.9613272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/offensive', 'display_name': 'Offensive', 'score': 0.6999659}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C198766705', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29171', 'display_name': 'Infantry', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.9613272}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C176856949', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001676', 'display_name': 'Offensive', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6999659}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C81631423', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10859', 'display_name': 'Spanish Civil War', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.53204286}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C191935318', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148', 'display_name': 'China', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.49853516}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137355542', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362', 'display_name': 'World War II', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44536674}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C199539241', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748', 'display_name': 'Law', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.43722856}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95457728', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309', 'display_name': 'History', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.4220947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C195244886', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41493', 'display_name': 'Ancient history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.39347768}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C6303427', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398', 'display_name': 'Economic history', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.3752089}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C17744445', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442', 'display_name': 'Political science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.36664003}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C187736073', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921', 'display_name': 'Management', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.32598054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C42475967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292', 'display_name': 'Operations research', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22912431}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.21691474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-299639522/general-richard-cavazos-and-the-korean-war-1953', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764787750', 'display_name': 'Military review', 'issn_l': '0026-4148', 'issn': ['0026-4148'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315718', 'host_organization_name': 'The MIT Press', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315718'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['The MIT Press'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16', 'score': 0.44, 'display_name': 'Peace, justice, and strong institutions'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W86895626', 'https://openalex.org/W75118442', 'https://openalex.org/W646651021', 'https://openalex.org/W437042227', 'https://openalex.org/W407328339', 'https://openalex.org/W340794736', 'https://openalex.org/W321933715', 'https://openalex.org/W297767645', 'https://openalex.org/W2967318621', 'https://openalex.org/W291518212', 'https://openalex.org/W2805832873', 'https://openalex.org/W2504687401', 'https://openalex.org/W2242810791', 'https://openalex.org/W221268067', 'https://openalex.org/W197994457', 'https://openalex.org/W1936044839', 'https://openalex.org/W1602095467', 'https://openalex.org/W1525066259', 'https://openalex.org/W1494529801', 'https://openalex.org/W148400738'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'BY': [0], '1952,': [1, 401], 'the': [2, 18, 29, 31, 39, 42, 51, 64, 68, 73, 103, 109, 138, 148, 156, 167, 180, 187, 192, 200, 208, 212, 215, 218, 227, 235, 241, 251, 254, 260, 264, 272, 277, 282, 290, 293, 298, 303, 329, 332, 340, 345, 371, 376, 391, 397, 402, 405, 423, 427, 456, 462, 480, 487, 494, 499, 508, 517, 527, 530, 538, 544, 548, 572, 583, 589, 604, 610, 629, 631, 634, 644, 652], 'war': [3, 294], 'in': [4, 38, 50, 102, 118, 155, 176, 179, 258, 268, 367, 426, 435, 507, 537, 582, 595, 625], 'Korea': [5, 34, 47, 177], 'had': [6, 53, 445], 'settled': [7], 'into': [8, 191, 359], 'something': [9], 'that': [10, 61, 141, 325, 342, 459, 547], 'more': [11, 54], 'closely': [12], 'resembled': [13], 'World': [14, 22], 'War': [15, 23], 'I': [16], 'than': [17], 'fluid': [19], 'movement': [20], 'of': [21, 28, 33, 46, 166, 240, 263, 292, 328, 331, 344, 404, 416, 419, 438, 467, 482, 489, 493, 503, 511, 529, 588, 641], 'II.': [24], 'The': [25, 126, 160, 164, 284, 318, 465, 501, 599, 620], 'front': [26, 60, 463], 'lines': [27], 'opponents,': [30], 'Republic': [32, 45], 'and': [35, 41, 48, 79, 83, 115, 136, 211, 275, 307, 316, 334, 422, 444, 472, 533, 560, 568, 592, 606], 'United': [36, 157, 574], 'States': [37, 158], 'south': [40, 84, 636], 'Democratic': [43], "People's": [44], 'China': [49], 'north,': [52], 'or': [55, 95, 557], 'less': [56, 452], 'stabilized': [57, 398], 'along': [58, 396, 461], 'a': [59, 112, 119, 123, 132, 232, 639], 'wound': [62], 'from': [63, 122, 184, 214, 571, 609], 'East': [65], 'Sea': [66, 70], 'to': [67, 98, 152, 199, 279, 281, 287, 297, 354, 357, 369, 411, 432, 476, 516, 542, 554, 578, 637, 655], 'West': [69], 'at': [71, 89, 250, 321], 'around': [72], '38th': [74, 242], 'parallel.': [75, 243], 'This': [76, 336], 'line': [77], 'ebbed': [78], 'flowed': [80], 'both': [81, 91], 'north': [82, 239], 'as': [85, 147, 224, 302], 'peace': [86], 'talks': [87], 'continued': [88, 286], 'Panmunjon-with': [90], 'sides': [92], 'using': [93], 'offensive': [94], 'defensive': [96], 'actions': [97, 249], 'strengthen': [99], 'their': [100, 450], 'position': [101], 'negotiations.': [104], 'Into': [105], 'this': [106, 504], 'stalemated': [107], 'war,': [108], 'Army': [110, 330, 587, 612, 632, 653], 'sent': [111, 633], 'young': [113], 'lieutenant': [114], 'placed': [116], 'him': [117, 144], 'unit': [120, 319, 377, 549, 621], 'recovering': [121], 'tragic': [124], 'episode.': [125], 'lieutenant,': [127], 'Richard': [128], 'Cavazos,': [129], 'would': [130], 'command': [131], 'company': [133], 'with': [134, 207, 323, 449, 562, 603], 'distinction': [135], 'demonstrate': [137], 'combat': [139, 222], 'leadership': [140, 597], 'eventually': [142], 'earned': [143], 'four': [145], 'stars': [146], 'first': [149], 'Hispanic': [150], 'promoted': [151], 'full': [153], 'general': [154], 'Army.1': [159], '65th': [161, 168], 'Infantry': [162, 169, 202, 237, 300], 'Regiment': [163], 'Borinqueneers': [165], 'Regiment,': [170, 540], 'Puerto': [171, 185, 412, 555], 'Rican': [172], 'National': [173], 'Guard,': [174], 'arrived': [175], 'early': [178, 593], 'war.': [181], 'Sent': [182], 'straight': [183], 'Rico,': [186], 'regiment': [306], 'quickly': [189], 'pushed': [190], 'Naktong': [193, 216], 'Bulge': [194], 'where': [195], 'it': [196, 225, 385], 'was': [197, 256, 326, 337, 622], 'attached': [198], '2nd': [201, 228], 'Division.': [203], 'Arriving': [204], 'almost': [205], 'simultaneously': [206], 'Inchon': [209], 'landing': [210], 'breakout': [213], 'Bulge,': [217], 'gained': [220], 'valuable': [221], 'experience': [223, 310], 'accompanied': [226], 'Division': [229, 301], '(and': [230], 'for': [231, 247, 289, 566], 'short': [233], 'time': [234, 368], '25th': [236], 'Division)': [238], 'Eventually': [244], 'earning': [245], 'accolades': [246], 'its': [248, 312, 649], 'Hamhung': [252], 'Peninsula,': [253], 'critical': [257], 'supporting': [259], 'seaborne': [261], 'evacuation': [262], 'U.S.': [265, 586], 'X': [266], 'Corps': [267], 'December': [269], '1950': [270], 'after': [271, 414], 'Chinese': [273], 'intervened': [274], 'forced': [276], 'corps': [278, 315, 408], 'redeploy': [280], 'south.2': [283], 'fight': [288, 395], 'remainder': [291], 'primarily': [295], 'assigned': [296, 515], '3rd': [299], "division's": [304], 'fourth': [305], 'gradually': [308], 'gaining': [309], 'among': [311], 'noncommissioned': [313, 569], 'officer': [314, 536], 'soldiers.3': [317], 'struggled': [320], 'times': [322], 'discrimination': [324], 'typical': [327], '1940s': [333, 591], '1950s.': [335], 'compounded': [338], 'by': [339], 'fact': [341], 'many': [343], 'soldiers': [346, 434, 496, 514], 'could': [347], 'not': [348, 365, 430, 441], 'speak': [349, 442], 'English,': [350], 'which': [351, 576], 'required': [352], 'orders': [353], 'be': [355, 550, 558], 'translated': [356, 577], 'Spanish': [358, 443], 'make': [360], 'them': [361, 439, 454], 'clear-a': [362], 'process': [363], 'often': [364], 'accomplished': [366], 'execute': [370], 'operation.': [372], 'Despite': [373], 'these': [374], 'difficulties,': [375], 'performed': [378], 'well': [379], 'up': [380], 'until': [381], 'October': [382, 484], '1952': [383, 485], 'when': [384], 'came': [386], 'under': [387, 455], 'tremendous': [388, 446], 'scrutiny': [389], 'during': [390, 486], 'Outpost': [392], '(OP)': [393], 'Jackson': [394], 'front.4': [399], 'Throughout': [400], 'bulk': [403], "regiment's": [406], 'NCO': [407], 'rotated': [409], 'back': [410], 'Rico': [413, 556], 'completion': [415], 'normal': [417], 'tour': [418], 'duty': [420], 'requirements,': [421], 'new': [424, 468, 470], 'leaders': [425], 'were': [429], 'prepared': [431], 'lead': [433], 'battle.': [436], 'Many': [437, 492], 'did': [440], 'difficulty': [447], 'communicating': [448], 'subordinates-much': [451], 'inspiring': [453], 'violent': [457], 'conditions': [458], 'existed': [460], 'lines.': [464], 'combination': [466], 'leadership,': [469], 'soldiers,': [471], 'poor': [473], 'communications': [474], 'led': [475], 'wholesale': [477], 'panic': [478], 'on': [479, 646], 'night': [481], '26': [483], 'battle': [488], 'OP': [490], 'Jackson.': [491], "unit's": [495], 'simply': [497], 'fled': [498], 'battlefield.': [500], 'aftermath': [502], 'episode': [505], 'resulted': [506], 'court': [509], 'martial': [510], 'over': [512], '90': [513], 'regiment.5': [518], 'In': [519, 628], 'his': [520], 'subsequent': [521], 'inquiry,': [522], 'Major': [523], 'John': [524], 'S.D.': [525], 'Eisenhower,': [526], 'son': [528], 'soon-to-be': [531], 'president': [532], 'an': [534], 'operations': [535], '15th': [539], 'detailed': [541], 'conduct': [543], 'investigation,': [545], 'recommended': [546], 'either': [551], 'returned': [552], 'immediately': [553], 'disbanded': [559], 'reconstituted': [561, 624], 'continentals': [563], '(a': [564], 'euphemism': [565], 'officers': [567, 570, 581], 'continental': [573], 'States,': [575], 'mean': [579], 'caucasian': [580], 'still': [584], 'white-centric': [585], 'late': [590], '1950s)': [594], 'key': [596], 'positions.': [598], 'division': [600], 'commander': [601], 'concurred': [602], 'report': [605], 'requested': [607], 'reconstitution': [608, 647], 'Eighth': [611], 'commanding': [613], 'general,': [614], 'Lieutenant': [615], 'General': [616], 'James': [617], 'Van': [618], 'Fleet.': [619], 'officially': [623], 'March': [626], '1953.6': [627], 'interim,': [630], 'begin': [638], 'period': [640], 'retraining': [642], 'while': [643], 'decision': [645], 'made': [648], 'way': [650], 'through': [651], 'bureaucracy': [654], 'Washington.': [656], '…': [657]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1528082553', 'counts_by_year': [], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T12:52:22.588146', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}