Publication Information

{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1526292570', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Complementarities, Momentum, and the Evolution of Modern Manufacturing', 'display_name': 'Complementarities, Momentum, and the Evolution of Modern Manufacturing', 'publication_year': 2016, 'publication_date': '2016-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1526292570', 'mag': '1526292570'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://econpapers.repec.org/article/aeaaecrev/v_3a81_3ay_3a1991_3ai_3a2_3ap_3a84-88.htm', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S23254222', 'display_name': 'American Economic Review', 'issn_l': '0002-8282', 'issn': ['0002-8282', '1944-7981'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315912', 'host_organization_name': 'American Economic Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315912'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Economic Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'posted-content', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5054280613', 'display_name': 'Paul Milgrom', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1919-4138'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Paul Milgrom', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5101158376', 'display_name': 'Yingyi Qian', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Yingyi Qian', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5102913894', 'display_name': 'John Roberts', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8662-584X'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'John Roberts', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 12.456, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 242, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999982, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '81', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '84', 'last_page': '88'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10393', 'display_name': 'Economic Growth and Productivity', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10393', 'display_name': 'Economic Growth and Productivity', 'score': 0.9976, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12137', 'display_name': 'Economic theories and models', 'score': 0.9931, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10785', 'display_name': 'Economic Theory and Institutions', 'score': 0.9901, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2002', 'display_name': 'Economics and Econometrics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/20', 'display_name': 'Economics, Econometrics and Finance'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/emerging-technologies', 'display_name': 'Emerging Technologies', 'score': 0.47134563}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/finished-good', 'display_name': 'Finished good', 'score': 0.44785127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/manufacturing', 'display_name': 'Manufacturing', 'score': 0.4348358}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C90673727', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718', 'display_name': 'Product (mathematics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5496182}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138331895', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650', 'display_name': 'Electronics', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5399414}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C76155785', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418', 'display_name': 'Telecommunications', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.53611106}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C207267971', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208', 'display_name': 'Emerging technologies', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47134563}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C40700', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783', 'display_name': 'Industrial organization', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.45087194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C161741011', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408229', 'display_name': 'Finished good', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.44785127}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C137996800', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q762702', 'display_name': 'Technological change', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4366244}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C175700187', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187939', 'display_name': 'Manufacturing', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4348358}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.42021292}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C182306322', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371', 'display_name': 'Order (exchange)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41376236}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144133560', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453', 'display_name': 'Business', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40283597}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C117671659', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11049265', 'display_name': 'Manufacturing engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37931484}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162853370', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809', 'display_name': 'Marketing', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.36150277}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778348673', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302', 'display_name': 'Production (economics)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3385054}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C54750564', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643', 'display_name': 'Commerce', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33492035}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C162324750', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134', 'display_name': 'Economics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.32881078}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.25268072}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C119599485', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035', 'display_name': 'Electrical engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.22174096}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C154945302', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660', 'display_name': 'Artificial intelligence', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.14258748}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2524010', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087', 'display_name': 'Geometry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C10138342', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015', 'display_name': 'Finance', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C139719470', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680', 'display_name': 'Macroeconomics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://econpapers.repec.org/article/aeaaecrev/v_3a81_3ay_3a1991_3ai_3a2_3ap_3a84-88.htm', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S23254222', 'display_name': 'American Economic Review', 'issn_l': '0002-8282', 'issn': ['0002-8282', '1944-7981'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310315912', 'host_organization_name': 'American Economic Association', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310315912'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['American Economic Association'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Industry, innovation and infrastructure', 'score': 0.56, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 7, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1496218112', 'https://openalex.org/W1562620462', 'https://openalex.org/W1979968159', 'https://openalex.org/W2005184313', 'https://openalex.org/W2129432581', 'https://openalex.org/W2161413792', 'https://openalex.org/W2168605160'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W3123275472', 'https://openalex.org/W2566856888', 'https://openalex.org/W2179492332', 'https://openalex.org/W2162394870', 'https://openalex.org/W2161413792', 'https://openalex.org/W2160117959', 'https://openalex.org/W2140956556', 'https://openalex.org/W2137358449', 'https://openalex.org/W2130752181', 'https://openalex.org/W2129261459', 'https://openalex.org/W2101946146', 'https://openalex.org/W2061977616', 'https://openalex.org/W2060827592', 'https://openalex.org/W2060514481', 'https://openalex.org/W2045665199', 'https://openalex.org/W1986904066', 'https://openalex.org/W1562620462', 'https://openalex.org/W1533007440', 'https://openalex.org/W1530407286', 'https://openalex.org/W1004584821'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 156, 295, 339], 'the': [1, 4, 10, 31, 43, 91, 95, 103, 112, 129, 232, 246, 283, 308, 316, 335, 342, 359, 382, 414, 436, 447, 474, 518, 526], 'nineteenth': [2], 'century,': [3], 'railroad': [5], 'and': [6, 20, 33, 49, 68, 70, 87, 137, 145, 173, 177, 210, 219, 236, 241, 270, 277, 300, 319, 325, 351, 387, 390, 463, 479, 490, 492, 523, 525, 528], 'telegraph': [7], 'were': [8], 'at': [9], 'center': [11], 'of': [12, 15, 123, 169, 174, 189, 217, 231, 248, 253, 267, 285, 310, 345, 367, 376, 384, 413, 416, 449, 476, 487, 495], 'a': [13, 36, 85, 120, 228, 275, 290, 296, 304, 365, 374, 410, 441, 457, 470], 'set': [14, 375], 'technological': [16, 92], 'advances,': [17], 'physical': [18], 'investments,': [19], 'managerial': [21], 'innovations': [22, 445], 'that': [23, 315, 340, 401, 418, 466, 481], 'transformed': [24], 'American': [25], 'industry': [26], '(Alfred': [27], 'Chandler,': [28], '1977).': [29], 'Later,': [30], 'automobile': [32], 'telephone': [34], 'played': [35], 'similar': [37], 'role': [38], 'in': [39, 102, 128, 133, 140, 143, 206, 274, 282, 358, 373, 396, 446, 454], 'another': [40], 'transformation.': [41], 'Today,': [42], 'high-tech': [44], 'industries': [45], 'include': [46], 'computers,': [47], 'telecommunications,': [48], 'electronics.': [50], 'Working': [51], 'on': [52, 72, 204, 224, 511], 'our': [53, 73], 'remarkably': [54], 'powerful': [55], 'computers': [56], '(even': [57], 'as': [58, 147, 379, 405], 'they': [59], 'rapidly': [60], 'become': [61], 'obsolete),': [62], 'co-authoring': [63], 'papers': [64], 'by': [65, 80, 439], 'electronic': [66], 'mail': [67], 'fax,': [69], 'conversing': [71], 'portable': [74], 'cellular': [75], 'telephones,': [76], 'we': [77, 419, 434], 'are': [78, 116, 322, 425], 'struck': [79], 'what': [81], 'appears': [82], 'to': [83, 90, 106, 154, 158, 226, 244, 292, 306, 328, 356, 371, 431, 443, 456], 'be': [84, 329], 'self-supporting': [86], '-reinforcing': [88], 'dynamic': [89, 442], 'improvements': [93], 'across': [94, 111], 'electronics': [96, 130], 'industries.': [97], 'An': [98], 'advance': [99], 'almost': [100], 'anywhere': [101], 'sector': [104], 'seems': [105], 'call': [107], 'forth': [108], 'more': [109, 135, 187, 198, 202, 337], 'advances': [110, 115], 'sector.': [113], 'These': [114, 251], 'occurring': [117], 'contemporaneously': [118], 'with': [119, 332], 'broad': [121], 'pattern': [122, 279, 415], 'other': [124, 271], 'changes,': [125], 'not': [126, 138, 408], 'only': [127], 'industries,': [131], 'but': [132, 142], 'manufacturing': [134, 160, 178, 255], 'generally,': [136], 'just': [139], 'hardware,': [141], 'methods': [144], 'organization': [146], 'well.': [148, 380], 'A': [149], 'new': [150, 249, 312], 'paradigm': [151], 'has': [152], 'begun': [153], 'emerge.': [155], 'contrast': [157], 'traditional': [159], 'firms,': [161], 'modern': [162, 254], 'firms': [163, 256], 'frequently': [164], '1)': [165], 'make': [166], 'greater': [167, 229], 'use': [168], 'flexible,': [170, 352], 'programmable': [171], 'equipment': [172, 354], 'computeraided': [175], 'design': [176], 'technologies,': [179], '2)': [180], 'have': [181, 393], 'fewer': [182], 'job': [183], 'classifications,': [184], '3)': [185], 'offer': [186], 'varieties': [188], 'their': [190, 195], 'major': [191], 'products': [192], 'and/or': [193], 'update': [194], 'product': [196], 'lines': [197, 266], 'frequently,': [199], '4)': [200], 'put': [201], 'emphasis': [203], 'speed': [205, 245], 'order': [207], 'processing,': [208, 350], 'production,': [209], 'delivery,': [211], '5)': [212], 'hold': [213], 'much': [214], 'lower': [215], 'inventories': [216], 'intermediate': [218], 'finished': [220], 'goods,': [221], '6)': [222], 'rely': [223], 'subcontractors': [225], 'supply': [227], 'proportion': [230], 'total': [233], 'value': [234], 'added,': [235], '7)': [237], 'overlap': [238], 'design,': [239], 'product,': [240], 'process': [242], 'engineering': [243], 'introduction': [247], 'products.': [250], 'features': [252], 'encompass': [257], 'technology': [258], 'choices,': [259], 'marketing': [260], 'strategies,': [261], 'personnel': [262], 'policies,': [263], 'supplier': [264], 'relations,': [265], 'internal': [268], 'communications,': [269], 'operational': [272], 'policies': [273], 'far-reaching': [276], 'coherent': [278], 'whose': [280], 'existence,': [281], 'words': [284], 'Michael': [286], 'Piore': [287], '(1986),': [288], 'poses': [289], 'challenge': [291], 'economic': [293], 'theory.': [294], 'recent': [297, 397], 'paper,': [298], 'Milgrom': [299], 'Roberts': [301], '(1990),': [302], 'proposed': [303], 'theory': [305], 'explain': [307], 'emergence': [309], 'this': [311], 'paradigm,': [313], 'arguing': [314], 'various': [317], 'characteristics': [318], 'activities': [320, 378], 'described': [321], 'mutually': [323], 'complementary': [324], 'so': [326], 'tend': [327], 'adopted': [330], 'together,': [331], 'each': [333], 'making': [334], 'others': [336], 'attractive.': [338], 'theory,': [341], 'falling': [343, 429], 'costs': [344, 383, 428], 'high-speed': [346], 'data': [347, 349, 388], 'communication,': [348], 'multitask': [353], 'lead': [355, 370], 'increases': [357, 372], 'directly': [360], 'affected': [361], 'activities,': [362], 'which': [363], 'through': [364], 'web': [366], 'complementarities': [368], 'then': [369], 'related': [377], 'Although': [381], 'flexible': [385], 'machinery': [386], 'communication': [389], 'processing': [391], 'surely': [392], 'fallen': [394], 'substantially': [395], 'decades,': [398], 'an': [399, 512], 'analysis': [400, 438], 'takes': [402], 'these': [403, 426], 'changes': [404], 'exogenous': [406], 'does': [407], 'constitute': [409], 'full': [411], 'explanation': [412], 'change': [417], 'observe.': [420], 'One': [421], 'must': [422], 'ask:': [423], 'Why': [424], 'particular': [427], 'relative': [430], 'others?': [432], 'Here': [433], 'enrich': [435], 'Milgrom-Roberts': [437], 'adding': [440], 'it:': [444], 'manufacture': [448], 'basic': [450], 'inputs': [451, 462], 'both': [452], 'arise': [453], 'response': [455], 'growing': [458], 'market': [459], 'for': [460, 507], 'those': [461], 'simultaneously': [464], 'encourage': [465], 'growth.': [467], 'This': [468], 'reflects': [469], 'fundamental': [471], 'complementarity': [472], 'between': [473], 'level': [475], 'any': [477], 'activity': [478], 'investments': [480], 'reduce': [482], 'its': [483], 'marginal': [484], '*': [485], 'Department': [486], 'Economics': [488], '(Milgrom': [489, 522], 'Qian)': [491], 'Graduate': [493], 'School': [494], 'Business': [496], '(Roberts),': [497], 'Stanford': [498], 'University,': [499], 'Stanford,': [500], 'CA': [501], '94305.': [502], 'We': [503], 'thank': [504], 'Avner': [505], 'Greif': [506], 'his': [508], 'helpful': [509], 'comments': [510], 'earlier': [513], 'draft.': [514], 'Financial': [515], 'support': [516], 'from': [517], 'National': [519], 'Science': [520], 'Foundation': [521], 'Roberts)': [524], 'Robert': [527], 'Anne': [529], 'Bass': [530], 'Faculty': [531], 'Fellowship': [532], '(Roberts)': [533], 'is': [534], 'gratefully': [535], 'acknowledged.': [536]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1526292570', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 9}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 10}], 'updated_date': '2025-01-06T20:00:12.911427', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}