Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1522495458', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00663.x', 'title': 'The Effectiveness of Second Language Strategy Instruction: A Meta‐analysis', 'display_name': 'The Effectiveness of Second Language Strategy Instruction: A Meta‐analysis', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-08-29', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1522495458', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00663.x', 'mag': '1522495458'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00663.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S82334308', 'display_name': 'Language Learning', 'issn_l': '0023-8333', 'issn': ['0023-8333', '1467-9922'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5007587699', 'display_name': 'Luke Plonsky', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5791-1839'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I203172682', 'display_name': 'Northern Arizona University', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/0272j5188', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I203172682']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Luke Plonsky', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Northern Arizona University ,'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Northern Arizona University ,', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I203172682']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5007587699'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I203172682'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3450, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 3450, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 66.264, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 342, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.99995, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 99, 'max': 100}, 'biblio': {'volume': '61', 'issue': '4', 'first_page': '993', 'last_page': '1038'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10021', 'display_name': 'EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1203', 'display_name': 'Language and Linguistics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10021', 'display_name': 'EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1203', 'display_name': 'Language and Linguistics'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12542', 'display_name': 'Second Language Learning and Teaching', 'score': 0.9985, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1208', 'display_name': 'Literature and Literary Theory'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T11587', 'display_name': 'Second Language Acquisition and Learning', 'score': 0.9972, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/3204', 'display_name': 'Developmental and Educational Psychology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/32', 'display_name': 'Psychology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C15744967', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418', 'display_name': 'Psychology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.766755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C95190672', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382', 'display_name': 'Meta-analysis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6716163}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779343474', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175', 'display_name': 'Context (archaeology)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.55053514}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C114010052', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150352', 'display_name': 'Foreign language', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5408772}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C148220186', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912', 'display_name': 'Outcome (game theory)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.47782114}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2908647359', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603', 'display_name': 'Population', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.44138917}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C89267518', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488', 'display_name': 'Psycholinguistics', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.42230314}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C527412718', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395', 'display_name': 'Interpretation (philosophy)', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.42205536}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C145420912', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077', 'display_name': 'Mathematics education', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.30504474}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41895202', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162', 'display_name': 'Linguistics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.28871363}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169900460', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417', 'display_name': 'Cognition', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.13334408}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C33923547', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395', 'display_name': 'Mathematics', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.09034136}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C151730666', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205', 'display_name': 'Paleontology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C149923435', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732', 'display_name': 'Demography', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144237770', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534', 'display_name': 'Mathematical economics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C169760540', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138885662', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891', 'display_name': 'Philosophy', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.0}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00663.x', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S82334308', 'display_name': 'Language Learning', 'issn_l': '0023-8333', 'issn': ['0023-8333', '1467-9922'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Quality education', 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4', 'score': 0.71}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 239, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W10676823', 'https://openalex.org/W116397753', 'https://openalex.org/W121940761', 'https://openalex.org/W128272478', 'https://openalex.org/W1501287674', 'https://openalex.org/W1504293002', 'https://openalex.org/W1514687800', 'https://openalex.org/W1537361894', 'https://openalex.org/W1543214568', 'https://openalex.org/W1551383178', 'https://openalex.org/W1579563259', 'https://openalex.org/W1581445840', 'https://openalex.org/W1590137713', 'https://openalex.org/W1604750546', 'https://openalex.org/W1660961223', 'https://openalex.org/W1673716835', 'https://openalex.org/W1725627099', 'https://openalex.org/W1873987819', 'https://openalex.org/W1875204997', 'https://openalex.org/W1895361865', 'https://openalex.org/W1904390819', 'https://openalex.org/W1904982496', 'https://openalex.org/W1963679057', 'https://openalex.org/W1963704840', 'https://openalex.org/W1964939593', 'https://openalex.org/W1965436337', 'https://openalex.org/W1965655304', 'https://openalex.org/W1965660796', 'https://openalex.org/W1966382731', 'https://openalex.org/W1966390975', 'https://openalex.org/W1966808211', 'https://openalex.org/W1968852014', 'https://openalex.org/W1969495154', 'https://openalex.org/W1970984126', 'https://openalex.org/W1972686549', 'https://openalex.org/W1972706183', 'https://openalex.org/W1974479479', 'https://openalex.org/W1974599924', 'https://openalex.org/W1974959941', 'https://openalex.org/W1975066227', 'https://openalex.org/W1978031243', 'https://openalex.org/W1978504824', 'https://openalex.org/W1979890015', 'https://openalex.org/W1980605361', 'https://openalex.org/W1980790943', 'https://openalex.org/W1981627415', 'https://openalex.org/W1982862288', 'https://openalex.org/W1984891029', 'https://openalex.org/W1988910916', 'https://openalex.org/W1992114045', 'https://openalex.org/W1993342056', 'https://openalex.org/W1995131149', 'https://openalex.org/W1996439217', 'https://openalex.org/W1997437104', 'https://openalex.org/W1999005357', 'https://openalex.org/W1999328446', 'https://openalex.org/W1999768479', 'https://openalex.org/W2001203217', 'https://openalex.org/W2001254346', 'https://openalex.org/W2002628989', 'https://openalex.org/W2004249518', 'https://openalex.org/W2006181802', 'https://openalex.org/W2006546769', 'https://openalex.org/W2008426906', 'https://openalex.org/W2008683884', 'https://openalex.org/W2009002256', 'https://openalex.org/W2009496453', 'https://openalex.org/W2010407161', 'https://openalex.org/W2011007277', 'https://openalex.org/W2015318077', 'https://openalex.org/W2015633230', 'https://openalex.org/W201660295', 'https://openalex.org/W2017162786', 'https://openalex.org/W2018816090', 'https://openalex.org/W2019701445', 'https://openalex.org/W2020191580', 'https://openalex.org/W2020807755', 'https://openalex.org/W2022446417', 'https://openalex.org/W2023971322', 'https://openalex.org/W2024807987', 'https://openalex.org/W2025886364', 'https://openalex.org/W2027040363', 'https://openalex.org/W2028258946', 'https://openalex.org/W2030028362', 'https://openalex.org/W2030360178', 'https://openalex.org/W2031583323', 'https://openalex.org/W2031975697', 'https://openalex.org/W2032071689', 'https://openalex.org/W2032936898', 'https://openalex.org/W2034520043', 'https://openalex.org/W2037639020', 'https://openalex.org/W2039700783', 'https://openalex.org/W2040716166', 'https://openalex.org/W2041234564', 'https://openalex.org/W2041305134', 'https://openalex.org/W2041853698', 'https://openalex.org/W2044453338', 'https://openalex.org/W2046222157', 'https://openalex.org/W2047036878', 'https://openalex.org/W2048986195', 'https://openalex.org/W2049133515', 'https://openalex.org/W2049405906', 'https://openalex.org/W2051095591', 'https://openalex.org/W2053704600', 'https://openalex.org/W2053791391', 'https://openalex.org/W2054021818', 'https://openalex.org/W2055799281', 'https://openalex.org/W2056383189', 'https://openalex.org/W2056741999', 'https://openalex.org/W2056883851', 'https://openalex.org/W2060587945', 'https://openalex.org/W2060968680', 'https://openalex.org/W2060968815', 'https://openalex.org/W2061034218', 'https://openalex.org/W2063256091', 'https://openalex.org/W2064709706', 'https://openalex.org/W2065555931', 'https://openalex.org/W2065755379', 'https://openalex.org/W2067686799', 'https://openalex.org/W2069259793', 'https://openalex.org/W2070525801', 'https://openalex.org/W2072404599', 'https://openalex.org/W2074245996', 'https://openalex.org/W2074350771', 'https://openalex.org/W2074371299', 'https://openalex.org/W2074513452', 'https://openalex.org/W2076957966', 'https://openalex.org/W2080647879', 'https://openalex.org/W2081147739', 'https://openalex.org/W2081324434', 'https://openalex.org/W2081941644', 'https://openalex.org/W2082070244', 'https://openalex.org/W2082566126', 'https://openalex.org/W2085285934', 'https://openalex.org/W2086399309', 'https://openalex.org/W2089064175', 'https://openalex.org/W2089180808', 'https://openalex.org/W2092075156', 'https://openalex.org/W2092270217', 'https://openalex.org/W2093588838', 'https://openalex.org/W2097728333', 'https://openalex.org/W2099664353', 'https://openalex.org/W2099691322', 'https://openalex.org/W2100442069', 'https://openalex.org/W2100796721', 'https://openalex.org/W2100818930', 'https://openalex.org/W2106760415', 'https://openalex.org/W2107121732', 'https://openalex.org/W2114928203', 'https://openalex.org/W2116010272', 'https://openalex.org/W2116631485', 'https://openalex.org/W2120893772', 'https://openalex.org/W2124889350', 'https://openalex.org/W2132186815', 'https://openalex.org/W2134724193', 'https://openalex.org/W2135309376', 'https://openalex.org/W2138862510', 'https://openalex.org/W2139478827', 'https://openalex.org/W2141561706', 'https://openalex.org/W2141960375', 'https://openalex.org/W2142714903', 'https://openalex.org/W2145280243', 'https://openalex.org/W2148354869', 'https://openalex.org/W2149954081', 'https://openalex.org/W2150589160', 'https://openalex.org/W2151069924', 'https://openalex.org/W2151346700', 'https://openalex.org/W2153050024', 'https://openalex.org/W2153093261', 'https://openalex.org/W2156812830', 'https://openalex.org/W2157378053', 'https://openalex.org/W2159857896', 'https://openalex.org/W2159932002', 'https://openalex.org/W2160482209', 'https://openalex.org/W2161937606', 'https://openalex.org/W2163322898', 'https://openalex.org/W2165944832', 'https://openalex.org/W2169648512', 'https://openalex.org/W2171052005', 'https://openalex.org/W2187853181', 'https://openalex.org/W2209162035', 'https://openalex.org/W2233649366', 'https://openalex.org/W223379183', 'https://openalex.org/W2240263748', 'https://openalex.org/W230100467', 'https://openalex.org/W2315325572', 'https://openalex.org/W2315413453', 'https://openalex.org/W2315957425', 'https://openalex.org/W2320386680', 'https://openalex.org/W241794361', 'https://openalex.org/W2463178454', 'https://openalex.org/W2486242343', 'https://openalex.org/W2489111096', 'https://openalex.org/W2500801840', 'https://openalex.org/W2503733284', 'https://openalex.org/W2504219800', 'https://openalex.org/W2504658802', 'https://openalex.org/W2516335393', 'https://openalex.org/W2526419171', 'https://openalex.org/W2530935573', 'https://openalex.org/W2539593439', 'https://openalex.org/W2541076631', 'https://openalex.org/W2581213688', 'https://openalex.org/W2613839551', 'https://openalex.org/W266835855', 'https://openalex.org/W2726470573', 'https://openalex.org/W2768185424', 'https://openalex.org/W2911501308', 'https://openalex.org/W2912597599', 'https://openalex.org/W31107153', 'https://openalex.org/W31678323', 'https://openalex.org/W324113887', 'https://openalex.org/W339119363', 'https://openalex.org/W362974208', 'https://openalex.org/W401119658', 'https://openalex.org/W4211152422', 'https://openalex.org/W4235763100', 'https://openalex.org/W4240424693', 'https://openalex.org/W4242279460', 'https://openalex.org/W4242394319', 'https://openalex.org/W4244107794', 'https://openalex.org/W4249828427', 'https://openalex.org/W4254250212', 'https://openalex.org/W4300870773', 'https://openalex.org/W4300940136', 'https://openalex.org/W4403284597', 'https://openalex.org/W46500961', 'https://openalex.org/W566034754', 'https://openalex.org/W569212892', 'https://openalex.org/W581863855', 'https://openalex.org/W608884474', 'https://openalex.org/W612372977', 'https://openalex.org/W613569401', 'https://openalex.org/W618118398', 'https://openalex.org/W637047176', 'https://openalex.org/W643216697', 'https://openalex.org/W644712306', 'https://openalex.org/W651574602', 'https://openalex.org/W66342072'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4313204384', 'https://openalex.org/W3118224419', 'https://openalex.org/W2989972945', 'https://openalex.org/W2801147070', 'https://openalex.org/W2392026738', 'https://openalex.org/W2379594506', 'https://openalex.org/W2369801737', 'https://openalex.org/W2140849905', 'https://openalex.org/W2040515868', 'https://openalex.org/W1563707621'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Research': [0], 'on': [1], 'the': [2, 26, 36, 41, 62, 132, 134], 'effects': [3], 'of': [4, 25, 28, 35, 64, 78, 83, 99, 115, 125, 131, 140], 'second': [5], 'language': [6], 'strategy': [7], 'instruction': [8], '(SI)': [9], 'has': [10], 'been': [11], 'extensive': [12], 'yet': [13], 'inconclusive.': [14], 'This': [15], 'meta‐analysis,': [16], 'therefore,': [17], 'aims': [18], 'to': [19, 60, 95, 107], 'provide': [20], 'a': [21, 33, 76, 93, 128, 138], 'reliable,': [22], 'quantitative': [23], 'measure': [24], 'effect': [27, 98], 'SI': [29, 39, 65, 100], 'as': [30, 32], 'well': [31], 'description': [34], 'relationship': [37], 'between': [38], 'and': [40, 52, 113, 123, 143], 'variables': [42], 'that': [43], 'moderate': [44, 108], 'its': [45, 109], 'effectiveness': [46, 110], '(i.e.,': [47], 'different': [48], 'learning': [49, 117], 'contexts,': [50], 'treatments,': [51], 'outcome': [53], 'variables).': [54], 'A': [55], 'comprehensive': [56], 'search': [57], 'was': [58], 'conducted': [59], 'collect': [61], 'population': [63], 'studies.': [66], 'Effect': [67], 'sizes': [68], 'were': [69, 85], 'calculated': [70], 'for': [71, 87], '61': [72], 'primary': [73], 'studies,': [74], 'contributing': [75], 'total': [77], '95': [79], 'unique': [80], 'samples,': [81], 'all': [82], 'which': [84], 'coded': [86], 'potential': [88], 'moderators.': [89], 'The': [90], 'findings': [91], 'indicate': [92], 'small': [94], 'medium': [96], 'overall': [97], '(': [101], 'd': [102], '=': [103], '0.49).': [104], 'Variables': [105], 'found': [106], 'include': [111], 'type': [112], 'number': [114], 'strategies,': [116], 'context': [118], '(second': [119], 'vs.': [120], 'foreign': [121], 'language),': [122], 'length': [124], 'intervention.': [126], 'Following': [127], 'contextualized': [129], 'interpretation': [130], 'results,': [133], 'article': [135], 'concludes': [136], 'with': [137], 'discussion': [139], 'theoretical,': [141], 'practical,': [142], 'methodological': [144], 'implications.': [145]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1522495458', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 24}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 25}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 58}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 37}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 23}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 34}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 16}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 19}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-28T23:21:44.348145', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}