Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1502285375', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'title': 'Rhinovirus infections: induction and modulation of airways inflammation in asthma', 'display_name': 'Rhinovirus infections: induction and modulation of airways inflammation in asthma', 'publication_year': 1999, 'publication_date': '1999-06-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1502285375', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'mag': '1502285375', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10421825', 'pmcid': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7162073'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S17239246', 'display_name': 'Clinical & Experimental Allergy', 'issn_l': '0954-7894', 'issn': ['0954-7894', '1365-2222'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'review', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref', 'pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'green', 'oa_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5051650713', 'display_name': 'Katrien Grünberg', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1164-4365'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800006345', 'display_name': 'Leiden University Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xvt9f17', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800006345']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'K. GRÜnberg', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800006345']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5000103333', 'display_name': 'Peter Sterk', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-7778'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I2800006345', 'display_name': 'Leiden University Medical Center', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/05xvt9f17', 'country_code': 'NL', 'type': 'healthcare', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I2800006345']}], 'countries': ['NL'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'P. J. Sterk', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I2800006345']}]}], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': {'value': 4640, 'currency': 'USD', 'value_usd': 4640, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 0.872, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 60, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.493933, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 93, 'max': 94}, 'biblio': {'volume': '29', 'issue': 's2', 'first_page': '65', 'last_page': '73'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10051', 'display_name': 'Asthma', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10051', 'display_name': 'Asthma', 'score': 1.0, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2737', 'display_name': 'Physiology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12418', 'display_name': 'Diagnosis and Management of Chronic Cough', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2740', 'display_name': 'Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12528', 'display_name': 'Innate Lymphoid Cells in Immunity', 'score': 0.9919, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/rhinovirus', 'display_name': 'Rhinovirus', 'score': 0.9057927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/asthma', 'display_name': 'Asthma', 'score': 0.548373}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/cough-reflex-sensitivity', 'display_name': 'Cough Reflex Sensitivity', 'score': 0.514568}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/common-cold', 'display_name': 'Common cold', 'score': 0.4660652}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'score': 0.41894042}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2779278377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1351647', 'display_name': 'Rhinovirus', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.9057927}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.7739101}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776042228', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35869', 'display_name': 'Asthma', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.7373113}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.6623001}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2777014857', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383410', 'display_name': 'Exacerbation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.46636757}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778136109', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12125', 'display_name': 'Common cold', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.4660652}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780942790', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q372016', 'display_name': 'Pathogenesis', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41894042}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776914184', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991', 'display_name': 'Inflammation', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.41808194}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C13373296', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421866', 'display_name': 'Chemokine', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.41227525}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2522874641', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808', 'display_name': 'Virus', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.3875991}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D001249', 'descriptor_name': 'Asthma', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016535', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000209', 'qualifier_name': 'etiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003139', 'descriptor_name': 'Common Cold', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000150', 'qualifier_name': 'complications', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D012229', 'descriptor_name': 'Rhinovirus', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000328', 'descriptor_name': 'Adult', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001249', 'descriptor_name': 'Asthma', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001249', 'descriptor_name': 'Asthma', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D001249', 'descriptor_name': 'Asthma', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016535', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016535', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000503', 'qualifier_name': 'physiopathology', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016535', 'descriptor_name': 'Bronchial Hyperreactivity', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002648', 'descriptor_name': 'Child', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003139', 'descriptor_name': 'Common Cold', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D003139', 'descriptor_name': 'Common Cold', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016207', 'descriptor_name': 'Cytokines', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016207', 'descriptor_name': 'Cytokines', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004804', 'descriptor_name': 'Eosinophils', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004804', 'descriptor_name': 'Eosinophils', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004847', 'descriptor_name': 'Epithelial Cells', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004847', 'descriptor_name': 'Epithelial Cells', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018799', 'descriptor_name': 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D018799', 'descriptor_name': 'Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009569', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitric Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D009569', 'descriptor_name': 'Nitric Oxide', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 4, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S17239246', 'display_name': 'Clinical & Experimental Allergy', 'issn_l': '0954-7894', 'issn': ['0954-7894', '1365-2222'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7162073', 'pdf_url': 'https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc7162073?pdf=render', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306400806', 'display_name': 'Europe PMC (PubMed Central)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1303153112', 'host_organization_name': 'European Bioinformatics Institute', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1303153112'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['European Bioinformatics Institute'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'other-oa', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7162073', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764455111', 'display_name': 'PubMed Central', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10421825', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'pdf_url': 'https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00011.x', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S17239246', 'display_name': 'Clinical & Experimental Allergy', 'issn_l': '0954-7894', 'issn': ['0954-7894', '1365-2222'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310320595', 'host_organization_name': 'Wiley', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310320595'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Wiley'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Good health and well-being', 'score': 0.85, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 155, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W142801771', 'https://openalex.org/W1548900061', 'https://openalex.org/W1557570061', 'https://openalex.org/W1592656902', 'https://openalex.org/W1600057730', 'https://openalex.org/W1780460389', 'https://openalex.org/W1792885178', 'https://openalex.org/W1879498419', 'https://openalex.org/W1936311738', 'https://openalex.org/W1951587871', 'https://openalex.org/W1964400394', 'https://openalex.org/W1964779747', 'https://openalex.org/W1966014702', 'https://openalex.org/W1968227229', 'https://openalex.org/W1968667537', 'https://openalex.org/W1969635905', 'https://openalex.org/W1971868796', 'https://openalex.org/W1972566523', 'https://openalex.org/W1972975051', 'https://openalex.org/W1980185618', 'https://openalex.org/W1981876072', 'https://openalex.org/W1984603791', 'https://openalex.org/W1991104975', 'https://openalex.org/W1992493633', 'https://openalex.org/W1995908171', 'https://openalex.org/W1996060907', 'https://openalex.org/W1997685558', 'https://openalex.org/W1998223302', 'https://openalex.org/W2000047353', 'https://openalex.org/W2000529615', 'https://openalex.org/W2001306760', 'https://openalex.org/W2003646746', 'https://openalex.org/W2004333960', 'https://openalex.org/W2004797279', 'https://openalex.org/W2005654633', 'https://openalex.org/W2010219458', 'https://openalex.org/W2010355202', 'https://openalex.org/W2013443897', 'https://openalex.org/W2013833119', 'https://openalex.org/W2014020683', 'https://openalex.org/W2014462935', 'https://openalex.org/W2015547949', 'https://openalex.org/W2016357017', 'https://openalex.org/W2018420125', 'https://openalex.org/W2018788847', 'https://openalex.org/W2019665202', 'https://openalex.org/W2023239553', 'https://openalex.org/W2023284659', 'https://openalex.org/W2025028989', 'https://openalex.org/W2033098106', 'https://openalex.org/W2033798820', 'https://openalex.org/W2034159172', 'https://openalex.org/W2035875537', 'https://openalex.org/W2036204459', 'https://openalex.org/W2036695093', 'https://openalex.org/W2036732941', 'https://openalex.org/W2037637004', 'https://openalex.org/W2038529675', 'https://openalex.org/W2039616442', 'https://openalex.org/W2040145942', 'https://openalex.org/W2040886831', 'https://openalex.org/W2043584286', 'https://openalex.org/W2043613818', 'https://openalex.org/W2044001357', 'https://openalex.org/W2045540384', 'https://openalex.org/W2045974912', 'https://openalex.org/W2046335876', 'https://openalex.org/W2046688069', 'https://openalex.org/W2047510261', 'https://openalex.org/W2049023282', 'https://openalex.org/W2050019722', 'https://openalex.org/W2050903584', 'https://openalex.org/W2051674756', 'https://openalex.org/W2052179301', 'https://openalex.org/W2054090763', 'https://openalex.org/W2056197325', 'https://openalex.org/W2057434635', 'https://openalex.org/W2059085963', 'https://openalex.org/W2059292205', 'https://openalex.org/W2061253028', 'https://openalex.org/W2061260269', 'https://openalex.org/W2062932215', 'https://openalex.org/W2063613980', 'https://openalex.org/W2065595327', 'https://openalex.org/W2065692062', 'https://openalex.org/W2066069096', 'https://openalex.org/W2066201376', 'https://openalex.org/W2066361376', 'https://openalex.org/W2067047380', 'https://openalex.org/W2068173275', 'https://openalex.org/W2068582360', 'https://openalex.org/W2068926397', 'https://openalex.org/W2069164702', 'https://openalex.org/W2069845084', 'https://openalex.org/W2071502595', 'https://openalex.org/W2072223647', 'https://openalex.org/W2077106576', 'https://openalex.org/W2078340681', 'https://openalex.org/W2078847373', 'https://openalex.org/W2079792785', 'https://openalex.org/W2081029926', 'https://openalex.org/W2081120628', 'https://openalex.org/W2081592351', 'https://openalex.org/W2082696402', 'https://openalex.org/W2083302889', 'https://openalex.org/W2083316125', 'https://openalex.org/W2083609417', 'https://openalex.org/W2085471594', 'https://openalex.org/W2086611150', 'https://openalex.org/W2087425192', 'https://openalex.org/W2087976446', 'https://openalex.org/W2091249799', 'https://openalex.org/W2091374817', 'https://openalex.org/W2093426283', 'https://openalex.org/W2094728281', 'https://openalex.org/W2095076178', 'https://openalex.org/W2097648595', 'https://openalex.org/W2098112185', 'https://openalex.org/W2109318901', 'https://openalex.org/W2109709469', 'https://openalex.org/W2111092137', 'https://openalex.org/W2112653257', 'https://openalex.org/W2119624092', 'https://openalex.org/W2122082009', 'https://openalex.org/W2124327826', 'https://openalex.org/W2130091558', 'https://openalex.org/W2130818055', 'https://openalex.org/W2130892116', 'https://openalex.org/W2137191347', 'https://openalex.org/W2137909366', 'https://openalex.org/W2138926811', 'https://openalex.org/W2140775892', 'https://openalex.org/W2141092325', 'https://openalex.org/W2143414844', 'https://openalex.org/W2143776190', 'https://openalex.org/W2147395368', 'https://openalex.org/W2151173615', 'https://openalex.org/W2152132747', 'https://openalex.org/W2152897327', 'https://openalex.org/W2156061792', 'https://openalex.org/W2164813611', 'https://openalex.org/W2165757151', 'https://openalex.org/W2167493890', 'https://openalex.org/W2171241162', 'https://openalex.org/W2182107713', 'https://openalex.org/W2215955953', 'https://openalex.org/W2303728688', 'https://openalex.org/W2315879512', 'https://openalex.org/W2328541479', 'https://openalex.org/W2405060128', 'https://openalex.org/W2436579725', 'https://openalex.org/W2492760297', 'https://openalex.org/W37834644', 'https://openalex.org/W41192847', 'https://openalex.org/W4296792904'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W4211140747', 'https://openalex.org/W4211125458', 'https://openalex.org/W4211105526', 'https://openalex.org/W4210973122', 'https://openalex.org/W2761358151', 'https://openalex.org/W2416847681', 'https://openalex.org/W2064669761', 'https://openalex.org/W2056963273', 'https://openalex.org/W1974325677', 'https://openalex.org/W1827742820'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'There': [0], 'is': [1, 26, 200], 'renewed': [2], 'interest': [3], 'in': [4, 11, 17, 22, 56, 76, 101, 104, 152, 183, 195, 241], 'the': [5, 12, 18, 29, 57, 94, 171, 214, 232, 237], 'role': [6, 44, 92, 238], 'of': [7, 14, 20, 31, 52, 59, 74, 93, 158, 210, 213, 217, 239], 'respiratory': [8, 54, 86], 'virus': [9, 87], 'infections': [10, 151], 'pathogenesis': [13], 'asthma': [15, 61, 155, 197, 221], 'and': [16, 34, 103, 121, 138, 168, 178], 'development': [19], 'exacerbations': [21, 73], 'pre‐existing': [23], 'disease.': [24], 'This': [25, 186], 'due': [27], 'to': [28, 48, 117, 141, 227], 'availability': [30], 'new': [32, 223], 'molecular': [33], 'experimental': [35], 'tools.': [36], 'Circumstantial': [37], 'evidence': [38], 'points': [39], 'towards': [40], 'a': [41, 90, 207], 'potentially': [42, 112], 'causative': [43], 'as': [45, 47, 78, 80, 161], 'well': [46, 79], 'possibly': [49], 'protective': [50], 'effects': [51, 216], 'certain': [53], 'viruses': [55, 240], 'cause': [58], 'allergic': [60], 'during': [62, 220], 'early': [63], 'childhood.': [64], 'In': [65], 'addition,': [66], 'it': [67], 'now': [68], 'has': [69], 'become': [70], 'clear': [71], 'that': [72, 109, 188], 'asthma,': [75], 'children': [77], 'adults,': [81], 'are': [82, 206], 'mostly': [83], 'associated': [84, 174], 'with': [85, 89, 154, 175], 'infections,': [88], 'predominant': [91], 'common': [95], 'cold': [96], 'virus:': [97], 'rhinovirus.': [98], 'Careful': [99], 'human': [100], 'vitro': [102], 'vivo': [105], 'experiments': [106], 'have': [107], 'shown': [108], 'rhinovirus': [110, 150], 'can': [111, 139, 192], 'stimulate': [113], 'bronchial': [114, 169], 'epithelial': [115], 'cells': [116], 'produce': [118], 'pro‐inflammatory': [119], 'chemokines': [120], 'cytokines,': [122], 'may': [123], 'activate': [124], 'cholinergic‐': [125], 'or': [126], 'noncholinergic': [127], 'nerves,': [128], 'increase': [129], 'epithelial‐derived': [130], 'nitric': [131], 'oxide': [132], 'synthesis,': [133], 'upregulate': [134], 'local': [135], 'ICAM‐1': [136], 'expression,': [137], 'lead': [140], 'nonspecific': [142], 'T‐cell': [143, 147], 'responses': [144], 'and/or': [145], 'virus‐specific': [146], 'proliferation.': [148], 'Experimental': [149], 'patients': [153], 'demonstrate': [156], 'features': [157], 'exacerbation,': [159], 'such': [160], 'lower': [162], 'airway': [163], 'symptoms,': [164], 'variable': [165], 'airways': [166], 'obstruction,': [167], 'hyperresponsiveness,': [170], 'latter': [172], 'being': [173], 'eosinophil': [176], 'counts': [177], 'eosinophilic': [179], 'cationic': [180], 'protein': [181], 'levels': [182], 'induced': [184], 'sputum.': [185], 'suggests': [187], 'multiple': [189], 'cellular': [190], 'pathways': [191], 'be': [193, 228], 'involved': [194], 'rhinovirus‐induced': [196], 'exacerbations.': [198], 'It': [199], 'still': [201], 'unknown': [202], 'whether': [203], 'these': [204], 'mechanisms': [205], 'distinguishing': [208], 'characteristic': [209], 'asthma.': [211, 242], 'Because': [212], 'limited': [215], 'inhaled': [218], 'steroids': [219], 'exacerbations,': [222], 'therapeutic': [224], 'interventions': [225], 'need': [226], 'developed': [229], 'based': [230], 'on': [231], 'increasing': [233], 'pathophysiological': [234], 'knowledge': [235], 'about': [236]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1502285375', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 3}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-11T00:15:12.270032', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}