Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1494339647', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/21640', 'title': 'Parasitic Helminths as Potential Therapeutic Agents Against Autoimmune Disorders', 'display_name': 'Parasitic Helminths as Potential Therapeutic Agents Against Autoimmune Disorders', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-11-14', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1494339647', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/21640', 'mag': '1494339647'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/21640', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/20687', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463447', 'display_name': 'InTech eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'type': 'book-chapter', 'type_crossref': 'book-chapter', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': True, 'oa_status': 'hybrid', 'oa_url': 'https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/20687', 'any_repository_has_fulltext': True}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5062972740', 'display_name': 'Yoshio Osada', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9745-4807'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I188700360', 'display_name': 'University of Occupational and Environmental Health Japan', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/020p3h829', 'country_code': 'JP', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I188700360']}], 'countries': ['JP'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Yoshio Osada', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan Japan'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan Japan', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I188700360']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5062972740'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I188700360'], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.59, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'pdf', 'cited_by_count': 3, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.779605, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 76, 'max': 78}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10695', 'display_name': 'Parasites and Host Interactions', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10695', 'display_name': 'Parasites and Host Interactions', 'score': 0.9989, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2405', 'display_name': 'Parasitology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10976', 'display_name': 'Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology', 'score': 0.9803, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2725', 'display_name': 'Infectious Diseases'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/27', 'display_name': 'Medicine'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/4', 'display_name': 'Health Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12528', 'display_name': 'IL-33, ST2, and ILC Pathways', 'score': 0.9628, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2403', 'display_name': 'Immunology'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/24', 'display_name': 'Immunology and Microbiology'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/helminth-infections', 'display_name': 'Helminth Infections', 'score': 0.47654182}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C165901193', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3129936', 'display_name': 'Helminths', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6014153}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C203014093', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929', 'display_name': 'Immunology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51902544}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2910810009', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578994', 'display_name': 'Helminth infections', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.47654182}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3777671}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3638994}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 2, 'locations': [{'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/21640', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/20687', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463447', 'display_name': 'InTech eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://openresearchlibrary.org/ext/api/media/5e6fa3fc-8056-4279-b841-5b8025e90110/assets/external_content.pdf', 'pdf_url': 'https://openresearchlibrary.org/ext/api/media/5e6fa3fc-8056-4279-b841-5b8025e90110/assets/external_content.pdf', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306401131', 'display_name': 'BiblioBoard Library Catalog (Open Research Library)', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': True, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'submittedVersion', 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': {'is_oa': True, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.5772/21640', 'pdf_url': 'https://www.intechopen.com/citation-pdf-url/20687', 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306463447', 'display_name': 'InTech eBooks', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'ebook platform'}, 'license': 'cc-by', 'license_id': 'https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by', 'version': 'publishedVersion', 'is_accepted': True, 'is_published': True}, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'display_name': 'Sustainable cities and communities', 'score': 0.66, 'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 168, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W126724734', 'https://openalex.org/W1484629672', 'https://openalex.org/W1497514376', 'https://openalex.org/W1505646153', 'https://openalex.org/W1585904443', 'https://openalex.org/W1590507044', 'https://openalex.org/W1602405662', 'https://openalex.org/W160775263', 'https://openalex.org/W1767092522', 'https://openalex.org/W1773193600', 'https://openalex.org/W178722186', 'https://openalex.org/W1813646352', 'https://openalex.org/W1815730149', 'https://openalex.org/W1853062779', 'https://openalex.org/W1892542831', 'https://openalex.org/W1906153342', 'https://openalex.org/W1906963410', 'https://openalex.org/W1913625561', 'https://openalex.org/W1929517608', 'https://openalex.org/W1935585954', 'https://openalex.org/W1954212133', 'https://openalex.org/W1959664751', 'https://openalex.org/W1964787243', 'https://openalex.org/W1965315293', 'https://openalex.org/W1965505768', 'https://openalex.org/W1965727970', 'https://openalex.org/W1965828321', 'https://openalex.org/W1966679064', 'https://openalex.org/W1968961493', 'https://openalex.org/W1971562865', 'https://openalex.org/W1973648078', 'https://openalex.org/W1973748958', 'https://openalex.org/W1974671009', 'https://openalex.org/W1974968151', 'https://openalex.org/W1975105240', 'https://openalex.org/W1975580739', 'https://openalex.org/W1976778352', 'https://openalex.org/W1979413298', 'https://openalex.org/W1979834379', 'https://openalex.org/W1980018183', 'https://openalex.org/W1980910300', 'https://openalex.org/W1981182186', 'https://openalex.org/W1983263751', 'https://openalex.org/W1983741693', 'https://openalex.org/W1986109976', 'https://openalex.org/W1987628377', 'https://openalex.org/W1989108283', 'https://openalex.org/W1992222076', 'https://openalex.org/W1996904143', 'https://openalex.org/W1998572804', 'https://openalex.org/W1999002976', 'https://openalex.org/W1999963608', 'https://openalex.org/W2005553679', 'https://openalex.org/W2006249161', 'https://openalex.org/W2006693847', 'https://openalex.org/W2008082142', 'https://openalex.org/W2008382341', 'https://openalex.org/W2010506461', 'https://openalex.org/W2010630315', 'https://openalex.org/W2010943282', 'https://openalex.org/W2011882192', 'https://openalex.org/W2013187177', 'https://openalex.org/W2016451329', 'https://openalex.org/W2019108262', 'https://openalex.org/W2024993453', 'https://openalex.org/W2026152957', 'https://openalex.org/W2028776387', 'https://openalex.org/W2029437196', 'https://openalex.org/W2029637725', 'https://openalex.org/W2032160637', 'https://openalex.org/W2033117298', 'https://openalex.org/W2034563187', 'https://openalex.org/W2035831689', 'https://openalex.org/W2041479453', 'https://openalex.org/W2042854425', 'https://openalex.org/W2043665304', 'https://openalex.org/W2044158665', 'https://openalex.org/W2044999271', 'https://openalex.org/W2047907655', 'https://openalex.org/W2048007675', 'https://openalex.org/W2048362681', 'https://openalex.org/W2051686027', 'https://openalex.org/W2053486923', 'https://openalex.org/W2055739616', 'https://openalex.org/W2058518110', 'https://openalex.org/W2058788372', 'https://openalex.org/W2066152672', 'https://openalex.org/W2070715537', 'https://openalex.org/W2072129671', 'https://openalex.org/W2072449713', 'https://openalex.org/W2073283130', 'https://openalex.org/W2076013385', 'https://openalex.org/W2076456688', 'https://openalex.org/W2076889715', 'https://openalex.org/W2081041392', 'https://openalex.org/W2081301179', 'https://openalex.org/W2082422372', 'https://openalex.org/W2082829276', 'https://openalex.org/W2085927066', 'https://openalex.org/W2089245383', 'https://openalex.org/W2090593261', 'https://openalex.org/W2090743807', 'https://openalex.org/W2091654790', 'https://openalex.org/W2091664929', 'https://openalex.org/W2095546821', 'https://openalex.org/W2098251798', 'https://openalex.org/W2099376515', 'https://openalex.org/W2100736155', 'https://openalex.org/W2102473693', 'https://openalex.org/W2102970270', 'https://openalex.org/W2104204979', 'https://openalex.org/W2105150055', 'https://openalex.org/W2105507544', 'https://openalex.org/W2105772739', 'https://openalex.org/W2107020458', 'https://openalex.org/W2109398701', 'https://openalex.org/W2110188726', 'https://openalex.org/W2110536082', 'https://openalex.org/W2112371420', 'https://openalex.org/W2112923677', 'https://openalex.org/W2114029992', 'https://openalex.org/W2116828514', 'https://openalex.org/W2122084527', 'https://openalex.org/W2122304946', 'https://openalex.org/W2122522635', 'https://openalex.org/W2122591224', 'https://openalex.org/W2123453474', 'https://openalex.org/W2124140450', 'https://openalex.org/W2125582836', 'https://openalex.org/W2126968881', 'https://openalex.org/W2127997822', 'https://openalex.org/W2128515242', 'https://openalex.org/W2129589060', 'https://openalex.org/W2130298480', 'https://openalex.org/W2130924672', 'https://openalex.org/W2135201054', 'https://openalex.org/W2136357996', 'https://openalex.org/W2136490822', 'https://openalex.org/W2138512081', 'https://openalex.org/W2141036320', 'https://openalex.org/W2141832186', 'https://openalex.org/W2144812374', 'https://openalex.org/W2146831240', 'https://openalex.org/W2147096559', 'https://openalex.org/W2147858215', 'https://openalex.org/W2148403473', 'https://openalex.org/W2149274167', 'https://openalex.org/W2151402600', 'https://openalex.org/W2155356459', 'https://openalex.org/W2157504356', 'https://openalex.org/W2158202600', 'https://openalex.org/W2160169597', 'https://openalex.org/W2162236613', 'https://openalex.org/W2162641825', 'https://openalex.org/W2164613235', 'https://openalex.org/W2165543736', 'https://openalex.org/W2165602800', 'https://openalex.org/W2165676860', 'https://openalex.org/W2166209782', 'https://openalex.org/W2168212319', 'https://openalex.org/W2168232558', 'https://openalex.org/W2168461802', 'https://openalex.org/W2170522174', 'https://openalex.org/W2171463669', 'https://openalex.org/W2238053452', 'https://openalex.org/W2413963917', 'https://openalex.org/W4245135998', 'https://openalex.org/W4246595999'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W31577956', 'https://openalex.org/W3146846659', 'https://openalex.org/W2530453501', 'https://openalex.org/W2484411711', 'https://openalex.org/W2467950758', 'https://openalex.org/W2462205764', 'https://openalex.org/W2414311293', 'https://openalex.org/W2339552467', 'https://openalex.org/W2284817127', 'https://openalex.org/W2100533812'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'In': [0, 149, 172, 203, 326], 'developed': [1, 100, 366], 'countries,': [2, 101], 'the': [3, 55, 72, 86, 111, 130, 147, 163, 204, 210, 222, 225, 264, 272, 295, 328, 347], 'prevalence': [4], 'of': [5, 74, 77, 114, 123, 132, 175, 181, 197, 207, 212, 229, 301, 330, 350], 'both': [6, 246], 'allergic': [7, 178], 'disease': [8, 16], '(asthma)': [9], 'and': [10, 21, 45, 66, 116, 125, 156, 249, 251, 292, 320, 341, 353], 'autoimmune': [11, 176, 216, 277, 358], 'disorders': [12, 217, 231], 'such': [13, 41, 52, 312], 'as': [14, 42, 313], 'Crohn’s': [15], '(CD),': [17], 'multiple': [18], 'sclerosis': [19], '(MS),': [20], 'type': [22], '1': [23], 'diabetes': [24], '(T1D)': [25], 'is': [26, 108, 137, 267, 355], 'increasing.': [27], 'This': [28], 'trend': [29], 'seems': [30], 'to': [31, 35, 60, 85, 91, 95, 161, 270, 282, 307], 'be': [32, 219, 283], 'inversely': [33], 'correlated': [34], 'prominent': [36], 'decreases': [37], 'in': [38, 69, 99, 118, 190], 'infectious': [39, 61, 92, 198, 233, 255, 302], 'diseases': [40, 278, 359], 'measles,': [43], 'tuberculosis,': [44], 'hepatitis': [46], 'A': [47, 121], '(Bach,': [48], '2002).': [49], 'Based': [50], 'on': [51, 215, 285, 294, 344], 'epidemiological': [53, 124], 'observations,': [54], '“hygiene': [56], 'hypothesis”,': [57], 'that': [58, 141], 'exposure': [59, 90], 'agents;': [62], 'i.e.': [63], 'bacteria,': [64], 'viruses,': [65], 'parasites,': [67], 'especially': [68], 'childhood,': [70], 'lowers': [71], 'risk': [73], 'later': [75], 'onset': [76], 'immunological': [78, 230], 'disorders,': [79], 'has': [80, 338], 'attracted': [81], 'much': [82], 'attention.': [83], 'According': [84], 'hypothesis,': [87], 'a': [88, 105, 286], 'reduced': [89], 'agents': [93, 199, 234, 256, 303], 'due': [94], 'improved': [96], 'hygienic': [97], 'conditions': [98], 'urbanized': [102], 'areas,': [103], 'and/or': [104, 227], 'westernized': [106], 'lifestyle': [107], 'responsible': [109], 'for': [110], 'higher': [112], 'incidence': [113], 'autoimmunity': [115], 'allergies': [117], 'modern': [119], 'society.': [120], 'number': [122], 'experimental': [126], 'studies': [127, 159], 'have': [128, 166, 200, 235, 257, 279, 304], 'demonstrated': [129], 'plausibility': [131], 'this': [133, 150, 208], 'hypothesis.': [134, 148], 'However,': [135], 'there': [136], 'also': [138], 'considerable': [139], 'evidence': [140], 'does': [142], 'not': [143, 241, 268, 293], 'support': [144], 'or': [145, 177, 184, 194, 336], 'contradicts': [146], 'chapter,': [151, 209], 'conflicting': [152], 'reports': [153], 'are': [154, 240, 360], 'introduced': [155], 'discussed.': [157, 356], 'Most': [158], 'trying': [160], 'elucidate': [162], 'mechanisms': [164, 223, 273, 300], 'involved': [165], 'been': [167, 201, 236, 280, 305, 339], 'conducted': [168], 'using': [169], 'rodent': [170], 'models.': [171], 'various': [173, 308], 'models': [174], 'diseases,': [179], 'effects': [180, 196], 'bacterial,': [182], 'viral': [183], 'parasitic': [185, 213], 'infections': [186], 'were': [187], 'tested.': [188], 'Consequently,': [189], 'many': [191], 'cases,': [192], 'preventive': [193], 'ameliorating': [195], 'confirmed.': [202], 'main': [205], 'part': [206], 'influence': [211], 'helminths': [214], 'will': [218], 'introduced.': [220], 'Although': [221], 'underlying': [224], 'amelioration': [226], 'prevention': [228], 'by': [232], 'studied': [237, 340], 'extensively,': [238], 'they': [239], 'yet': [242], 'fully': [243], 'understood.': [244], 'As': [245], 'Th1-polarizing': [247], '(bacteria': [248], 'viruses)': [250], 'Th2-polarizing': [252], '(parasitic': [253], 'helminths)': [254], 'anti-autoimmune/anti-allergic': [258], 'activities': [259], '(Zaccone': [260], '&': [261], 'Cooke,': [262], '2011),': [263], '“Th1/Th2': [265], 'paradigm”': [266], 'enough': [269], 'explain': [271], 'involved.': [274], 'Additionally,': [275], 'some': [276], 'shown': [281], 'dependent': [284], 'pathogenic': [287], 'T': [288], 'helper': [289], 'subset': [290], '(Th17),': [291], 'Th1': [296], 'subset.': [297], 'The': [298], 'suppressive': [299, 331], 'attributed': [306], 'regulatory/suppressive': [309], 'cell': [310], 'populations,': [311], 'Treg': [314], 'cells,': [315, 317], 'Breg': [316], 'NKT': [318], 'cells': [319, 352], 'alternatively': [321], 'activated': [322], 'macrophages': [323], '(AA': [324], 'MΦs).': [325], 'addition,': [327], 'involvement': [329, 349], 'cytokines': [332, 354], '(e.g.': [333], 'IL-4,': [334], 'IL10': [335], 'TGF-β)': [337], 'demonstrated.': [342], 'Focusing': [343], 'helminth': [345], 'infections,': [346], 'possible': [348], 'regulatory': [351], 'Some': [357], 'being': [361], 'treated': [362], 'successfully': [363], 'with': [364], 'recently': [365], 'biological': [367], 'products': [368], '(mainly': [369], 'humanized': [370], 'monoclonal': [371], 'antibodies': [372], 'against': [373], 'pro-inflammatory': [374]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1494339647', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-12T09:04:57.364938', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}