Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W1493646011', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4271/980525', 'title': 'Diesel Exhaust Particle Size: Measurement Issues and Trends', 'display_name': 'Diesel Exhaust Particle Size: Measurement Issues and Trends', 'publication_year': 1998, 'publication_date': '1998-02-23', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W1493646011', 'doi': 'https://doi.org/10.4271/980525', 'mag': '1493646011'}, 'language': 'de', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4271/980525', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210202285', 'display_name': 'SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series', 'issn_l': '0148-7191', 'issn': ['0148-7191', '1083-4958', '2688-3627'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'proceedings-article', 'indexed_in': ['crossref'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5001087176', 'display_name': 'Imad S. Abdul-Khalek', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130238516', 'display_name': 'University of Minnesota', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zqws13', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'I. S. Abdul-Khalek', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of\xa0Minnesota'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of\xa0Minnesota', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5023182070', 'display_name': 'David B. Kittelson', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8855-9188'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130238516', 'display_name': 'University of Minnesota', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zqws13', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'David B Kittelson', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of\xa0Minnesota'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of\xa0Minnesota', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5072381396', 'display_name': 'B. R. Graskow', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130238516', 'display_name': 'University of Minnesota', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zqws13', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'B. R. Graskow', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of\xa0Minnesota'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of\xa0Minnesota', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}]}, {'author_position': 'middle', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5020729419', 'display_name': 'Qiang Wei', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8068-1253'}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I130238516', 'display_name': 'University of Minnesota', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/017zqws13', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'Q. Wei', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['University of\xa0Minnesota'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'University of\xa0Minnesota', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I130238516']}]}, {'author_position': 'last', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5005748632', 'display_name': 'F. Bear', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': False, 'raw_author_name': 'F. Bear', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Perkins Technology Limited'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Perkins Technology Limited', 'institution_ids': []}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': [], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 9.08, 'has_fulltext': True, 'fulltext_origin': 'ngrams', 'cited_by_count': 279, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.999706, 'is_in_top_1_percent': True, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 98, 'max': 99}, 'biblio': {'volume': None, 'issue': None, 'first_page': None, 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10190', 'display_name': 'Health Effects of Air Pollution', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10190', 'display_name': 'Health Effects of Air Pollution', 'score': 0.9997, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2307', 'display_name': 'Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/23', 'display_name': 'Environmental Science'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12095', 'display_name': 'Estimating Vehicle Fuel Consumption and Emissions', 'score': 0.9996, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2203', 'display_name': 'Automotive Engineering'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/22', 'display_name': 'Engineering'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10075', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Aerosols and their Impacts', 'score': 0.9973, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1902', 'display_name': 'Atmospheric Science'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/19', 'display_name': 'Earth and Planetary Sciences'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/3', 'display_name': 'Physical Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-modeling', 'display_name': 'Emission Modeling', 'score': 0.56699}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions', 'display_name': 'Vehicle Emissions', 'score': 0.552448}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-consumption', 'display_name': 'Fuel Consumption', 'score': 0.548755}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/real-world-measurements', 'display_name': 'Real-World Measurements', 'score': 0.543512}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/emission-factors', 'display_name': 'Emission Factors', 'score': 0.540756}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C39432304', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847', 'display_name': 'Environmental science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5258389}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C3432839', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336041', 'display_name': 'Diesel exhaust', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.5188569}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C171146098', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192', 'display_name': 'Automotive engineering', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.48613593}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C138171918', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423', 'display_name': 'Diesel fuel', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.39304805}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41008148', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198', 'display_name': 'Computer science', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.3529073}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C127413603', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023', 'display_name': 'Engineering', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.17039242}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://doi.org/10.4271/980525', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4210202285', 'display_name': 'SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series', 'issn_l': '0148-7191', 'issn': ['0148-7191', '1083-4958', '2688-3627'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': True, 'host_organization': None, 'host_organization_name': None, 'host_organization_lineage': [], 'host_organization_lineage_names': [], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7', 'score': 0.6, 'display_name': 'Affordable and clean energy'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 19, 'referenced_works': ['https://openalex.org/W1509689223', 'https://openalex.org/W1517803310', 'https://openalex.org/W1561651128', 'https://openalex.org/W1569042610', 'https://openalex.org/W1980920381', 'https://openalex.org/W198160958', 'https://openalex.org/W1983886972', 'https://openalex.org/W2015633683', 'https://openalex.org/W2026796594', 'https://openalex.org/W2028026130', 'https://openalex.org/W2040254941', 'https://openalex.org/W2044428202', 'https://openalex.org/W2059536479', 'https://openalex.org/W2061959772', 'https://openalex.org/W2064819487', 'https://openalex.org/W2259064923', 'https://openalex.org/W2276934795', 'https://openalex.org/W247749665', 'https://openalex.org/W26034167'], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2966437798', 'https://openalex.org/W2899084033', 'https://openalex.org/W2748952813', 'https://openalex.org/W2390279801', 'https://openalex.org/W2382290278', 'https://openalex.org/W2376932109', 'https://openalex.org/W2358668433', 'https://openalex.org/W2319645359', 'https://openalex.org/W2168432978', 'https://openalex.org/W2039485874'], 'abstract_inverted_index': None, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W1493646011', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 10}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 21}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 11}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 15}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 17}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 11}], 'updated_date': '2024-09-16T18:30:15.385173', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}