Publication Information

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[15], 'A.': [16], 'Dirmeyer': [17, 293], '2': [18], '(1)University': [19], 'of': [20, 40, 56, 81, 131, 233, 244, 252, 268, 277, 315, 346, 349, 408, 429, 445, 544, 565, 619, 646, 706, 725, 731, 750, 780, 791, 793, 807, 832, 843, 858, 891], 'California': [21], 'at': [22, 581, 663], 'Los': [23], 'Angeles,': [24], 'USA': [25, 29], '(2)George': [26], 'Mason': [27], 'University,': [28], 'Introduction': [30], 'Monsoons': [31, 161], 'are': [32, 45, 70, 302, 593], 'annual': [33], 'large-scale': [34, 132], 'phenomenathat': [35], 'form': [36], 'an': [37, 208], 'integral': [38], 'part': [39], 'global-scale': [41], 'circulations.': [42], 'Monsoon': [43], 'circulations': [44, 311], 'driven': [46], 'maintained': [48], 'by': [49, 108, 157, 511, 588, 796], 'seasonal': [50], 'contrasts': [51], 'the': [53, 63, 72, 76, 79, 89, 94, 125, 174, 181, 217, 231, 234, 245, 250, 257, 266, 273, 278, 316, 339, 347, 352, 367, 391, 409, 422, 440, 446, 451, 536, 547, 554, 563, 569, 582, 601, 608, 623, 630, 640, 649, 656, 659, 664, 709, 716, 758, 789, 813, 818, 830, 838, 862, 881, 895, 904], 'thermal': [54, 122], 'heating': [55, 92], 'land': [57, 64, 73, 95, 323, 328, 350, 360, 430, 583, 624, 641, 694, 722, 739, 771, 800], 'sea.': [59], 'Beginning': [60], 'spring,': [62], 'warms.': [65], 'Sensible': [66], 'latent': [68, 517], 'heat': [69, 218, 518, 530, 688], 'releasedfrom': [71], 'surface': [74, 204, 329, 361, 509, 625, 642], 'into': [75, 528], 'atmosphere,': [77, 627], 'driving': [78], 'formation': [80], 'low': [82], 'pressure': [83], 'that': [84, 359, 435, 629], 'induces': [85], 'air': [86], 'flow': [87, 105], 'from': [88, 319, 324, 872], 'ocean.': [90], 'The': [91, 103, 297, 474, 704, 778, 803], 'triggers': [96], 'convection,': [97], 'producing': [98], 'clouds': [99, 576], 'generating': [101], 'rain.': [102], 'is': [106, 260, 504, 539, 556, 633], 'intensified': [107], 'convective': [109, 560], 'uplift': [110], 'as': [111, 113, 173, 192, 341, 439, 590, 700, 817, 889], 'well': [112], 'topographic': [114], 'forcing': [115], 'where': [116], 'mountains': [117], 'exist.': [118], 'These': [119, 327, 651], 'forcings': [120], 'gradients': [123], 'influence': [124, 365], 'strength,': [126], 'duration,': [127], 'spatial': [129], 'distribution': [130], 'systems': [134, 156, 236, 276], '(e.g.,': [135, 184, 223, 466], 'Dirmeyer,': [136], '1998;': [137, 141], 'Webster': [138], 'et': [139, 143, 186, 200, 281, 377, 382, 468, 472, 493, 734, 865], 'al.,': [140, 144, 187, 201, 378, 735, 866], '2004).': [145], 'Therefore,': [146], 'land/': [147, 253], 'atmosphere': [148, 254, 431, 482, 538, 555], 'interaction': [149, 647, 756], 'plays': [150], 'a': [151, 286, 312, 332, 416, 505, 617, 763], 'crucial': [152], 'role': [153, 210, 348], 'their': [158, 729], 'very': [159, 604], 'nature.': [160], 'exhibit': [162], 'substantial': [163], 'seasonal,': [164], 'interannual,': [165], 'decadal': [167], 'variabilitythatresults': [168], 'severe': [170], 'droughts,': [171], 'such': [172, 191, 438, 773], 'most': [175, 247], 'significant': [176, 805], 'West': [177, 882], 'African': [178, 883], 'drought': [179], 'last': [182], 'century': [183], '2010a),': [188], 'floods': [190], 'those': [193, 310], 'occurred': [194], 'recently': [195], 'central': [197], 'China': [198], '(Ding': [199], '2008).': [202], 'Land': [203], 'processes': [205, 362, 652, 702], 'may': [206], 'play': [207], 'important': [209], 'these': [212, 833], 'extreme': [213], 'events': [214], 'through': [215], 'modulating': [216], 'gradient': [219], 'moisture': [221, 269, 306, 320, 424, 567, 599, 755, 768], 'supply': [222], 'Shukla,': [226], '1993;': [227], 'Xue,': [228], '1996).': [229], 'Despite': [230], 'importance': [232, 779], 'monsoonal': [235], 'providing': [238], 'water': [239, 287, 677], 'agriculture': [241], 'many': [243], 'world’s': [246], 'populous': [248], 'regions,': [249, 437], 'effect': [251], 'system': [259, 354, 711], 'still': [261], 'poorly': [262], 'understood.Figure': [263], 'shows': [265, 403, 837, 917], 'sources': [267], 'supplying': [270], 'rainfall': [271, 317], 'over': [272, 322, 366, 462], 'major': [274], 'world': [279], '(Dirmeyer': [280, 492], 'al.': [282, 383, 469, 473, 494], '2014),': [283], 'estimated': [284], 'using': [285, 715], 'vapor': [288], 'back-trajectory': [289], 'analysis': [290], 'algorithm': [291], '(cf.': [292], 'Brubaker': [295], '2007).': [296], 'classical': [298], 'circulation': [300, 398], 'features': [301], 'evident,': [303], 'bringing': [304], 'oceanic': [305], 'inland,': [307], 'but': [308], 'within': [309], 'great': [313], 'deal': [314], 'comes': [318], 'recycled': [321], 'terrestrial': [325], 'evaporation.': [326], 'fluxes': [330, 510, 580], 'provide': [331], 'means': [333], 'land-atmosphere': [335], 'to': [337, 541, 568, 595, 637, 669, 675, 690, 698, 719, 820, 856], 'modulate': [338], 'monsoons,': [340], 'further': [342], 'described': [343], 'below.': [344], 'Identification': [345], 'It': [355], 'has': [356, 454, 643, 712, 741, 765, 898], 'been': 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