Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W13726257', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Interactions of the pineal hormone melatonin with oxygen-centered free radicals: a brief review.', 'display_name': 'Interactions of the pineal hormone melatonin with oxygen-centered free radicals: a brief review.', 'publication_year': 1993, 'publication_date': '1993-11-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W13726257', 'mag': '13726257', 'pmid': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8136717'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8136717', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': ['pubmed'], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5108228367', 'display_name': 'R. J. Reiter', 'orcid': None}, 'institutions': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/I165951966', 'display_name': 'The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio', 'ror': 'https://ror.org/02f6dcw23', 'country_code': 'US', 'type': 'education', 'lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I165951966']}], 'countries': ['US'], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'R J Reiter', 'raw_affiliation_strings': ['Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7762.'], 'affiliations': [{'raw_affiliation_string': 'Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio 78284-7762.', 'institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165951966']}]}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 1, 'institutions_distinct_count': 1, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5108228367'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': ['https://openalex.org/I165951966'], 'apc_list': {'value': 3300, 'currency': 'BRL', 'value_usd': 1600, 'provenance': 'doaj'}, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 1.768, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 110, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.981275, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': True}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 96, 'max': 97}, 'biblio': {'volume': '26', 'issue': '11', 'first_page': '1141', 'last_page': '55'}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10342', 'display_name': 'Circadian rhythm and melatonin', 'score': 0.965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2807', 'display_name': 'Endocrine and Autonomic Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T10342', 'display_name': 'Circadian rhythm and melatonin', 'score': 0.965, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/2807', 'display_name': 'Endocrine and Autonomic Systems'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/28', 'display_name': 'Neuroscience'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/1', 'display_name': 'Life Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/free-radical-scavenger', 'display_name': 'Free radical scavenger', 'score': 0.83208954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/pinealocyte', 'display_name': 'Pinealocyte', 'score': 0.82049614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/keywords/scavenger-receptor', 'display_name': 'Scavenger Receptor', 'score': 0.53530717}], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778182776', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180912', 'display_name': 'Melatonin', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.98534596}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780059843', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198654', 'display_name': 'Pineal gland', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.85640645}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2992339995', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948', 'display_name': 'Free radical scavenger', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.83208954}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C202023056', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241787', 'display_name': 'Pinealocyte', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.82049614}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C126322002', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180', 'display_name': 'Internal medicine', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.5697077}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C41443022', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27796666', 'display_name': 'Scavenger receptor', 'level': 4, 'score': 0.53530717}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C170493617', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467', 'display_name': 'Receptor', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5280752}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71315377', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364', 'display_name': 'Hormone', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5210535}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C134018914', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606', 'display_name': 'Endocrinology', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.51493436}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C185592680', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329', 'display_name': 'Chemistry', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.5096524}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2781269140', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24784310', 'display_name': 'Melatonin receptor', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.4396724}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C86803240', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420', 'display_name': 'Biology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.40258753}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C55493867', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094', 'display_name': 'Biochemistry', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.37497285}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2776151105', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898814', 'display_name': 'Oxidative stress', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.2353934}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2778163477', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656', 'display_name': 'Cholesterol', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.1947586}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C71924100', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190', 'display_name': 'Medicine', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.13424546}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C2780072125', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28350', 'display_name': 'Lipoprotein', 'level': 3, 'score': 0.11980146}], 'mesh': [{'descriptor_ui': 'D005979', 'descriptor_name': 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017665', 'descriptor_name': 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008550', 'descriptor_name': 'Melatonin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000502', 'qualifier_name': 'physiology', 'is_major_topic': True}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000367', 'descriptor_name': 'Age Factors', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D000818', 'descriptor_name': 'Animals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D002940', 'descriptor_name': 'Circadian Rhythm', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D004249', 'descriptor_name': 'DNA Damage', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D016166', 'descriptor_name': 'Free Radical Scavengers', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005609', 'descriptor_name': 'Free Radicals', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D005979', 'descriptor_name': 'Glutathione Peroxidase', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D006801', 'descriptor_name': 'Humans', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D017665', 'descriptor_name': 'Hydroxyl Radical', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008550', 'descriptor_name': 'Melatonin', 'qualifier_ui': 'Q000378', 'qualifier_name': 'metabolism', 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D008550', 'descriptor_name': 'Melatonin', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}, {'descriptor_ui': 'D051381', 'descriptor_name': 'Rats', 'qualifier_ui': '', 'qualifier_name': None, 'is_major_topic': False}], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8136717', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S4306525036', 'display_name': 'PubMed', 'issn_l': None, 'issn': None, 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/I1299303238', 'host_organization_name': 'National Institutes of Health', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/I1299303238'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['National Institutes of Health'], 'type': 'repository'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W2797587270', 'https://openalex.org/W2187901179', 'https://openalex.org/W2107832950', 'https://openalex.org/W2104473717', 'https://openalex.org/W2092213743', 'https://openalex.org/W2083129805', 'https://openalex.org/W2067805954', 'https://openalex.org/W2009072861', 'https://openalex.org/W2005028381', 'https://openalex.org/W13726257'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'Melatonin,N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine,': [0], 'is': [1, 11, 26, 33, 45, 84, 184, 225, 244], 'a': [2, 185, 226, 274], 'hormonal': [3], 'product': [4], 'of': [5, 43, 63, 76, 82, 92, 143, 159, 200, 233, 269, 311], 'the': [6, 17, 29, 37, 61, 64, 67, 72, 77, 99, 112, 124, 141, 153, 174, 194, 264, 286, 296, 309, 312, 328, 344, 357, 362], 'pineal': [7, 30], 'gland.': [8], 'Its': [9], 'synthesis': [10, 79], 'higher': [12], 'at': [13, 88, 322], 'night': [14], 'than': [15], 'during': [16], 'day': [18], 'in': [19, 28, 111, 123, 137, 197, 211, 285, 343], 'all': [20, 109, 257], 'vertebrates': [21], 'including': [22], 'man.': [23], 'Once': [24], 'melatonin': [25, 44, 83, 97, 144, 183, 224, 270, 301, 320, 351], 'produced': [27], 'gland': [31], 'it': [32, 56, 116, 254, 281, 334], 'quickly': [34], 'released': [35], 'into': [36, 103], 'vascular': [38], 'system.': [39], 'The': [40, 74], 'rapid': [41], 'release': [42], 'generally': [46, 118], 'believed': [47, 150], 'to': [48, 50, 57, 151, 209, 214, 255, 292, 317, 326, 339, 360], 'relate': [49], 'its': [51, 93, 128, 201, 247], 'high': [52, 85, 203, 242], 'lipophilicity': [53], 'which': [54, 70, 307], 'allows': [55, 253], 'readily': [58, 101], 'pass': [59], 'through': [60], 'membrane': [62, 177], 'pinealocytes': [65], 'and': [66, 80, 108, 155, 193, 216, 230, 259], 'endothelial': [68], 'cells': [69, 110, 135, 258], 'line': [71], 'capillaries.': [73], 'result': [75], 'nocturnal': [78], 'secretion': [81], 'blood': [86, 100], 'levels': [87], 'night.': [89], 'Also': [90], 'because': [91, 199, 250], 'highly': [94, 297], 'lipophilic': [95], 'nature,': [96], 'from': [98, 237, 330, 364], 'escapes': [102], 'every': [104, 260], 'other': [105], 'bodily': [106], 'fluid': [107], 'body.': [113], 'Until': [114], 'recently': [115, 163], 'was': [117, 162], 'thought': [119], 'that': [120, 166, 182, 280], "melatonin's": [121, 167], 'action': [122, 169, 249], 'organism': [125, 363], 'depended': [126], 'on': [127, 134, 173], 'exclusive': [129], 'interaction': [130], 'with': [131, 145], 'specific': [132], 'receptors': [133, 148], 'located': [136], 'discrete': [138], 'locations.': [139], 'Certainly,': [140], 'interactions': [142], 'these': [146], 'membrane-bound': [147], 'are': [149, 349], 'mediate': [152], 'endocrine': [154], 'circadian': [156], 'rhythm': [157], 'effects': [158], 'melatonin.': [160], 'It': [161], 'discovered,': [164], 'however,': [165], 'primary': [168], 'may': [170, 282, 355], 'not': [171, 272], 'depend': [172], 'previously': [175], 'described': [176], 'receptors.': [178], 'We': [179], 'have': [180, 278], 'found': [181], 'very': [186, 202], 'potent': [187], 'hydroxyl': [188, 195, 299, 313, 347], 'radical': [189, 196, 222, 266], 'scavenger;': [190], 'free': [191, 221, 265], 'radicals': [192, 348], 'particular,': [198], 'reactivity,': [204], 'can': [205], 'be': [206, 283, 356], 'extremely': [207, 241], 'damaging': [208], 'macromolecules': [210], 'cells.': [212], 'Compared': [213], 'glutathione': [215, 304], 'mannitol,': [217], 'two': [218, 324], 'well': [219], 'known': [220], 'scavengers,': [223], 'more': [227], 'powerful': [228], 'scavenger': [229], 'affords': [231], 'protection': [232, 291], 'molecules,': [234], 'especially': [235], 'DNA,': [236], 'oxidative': [238, 331, 365], 'damage.': [239, 366], "Melatonin's": [240], 'diffusibility': [243], 'important': [245], 'for': [246], 'scavenging': [248, 295], 'this': [251], 'feature': [252], 'enter': [256], 'subcellular': [261], 'compartment.': [262], 'Whereas': [263], 'quenching': [267], 'activity': [268, 306], 'does': [271], 'require': [273], 'receptor,': [275], 'we': [276], 'also': [277, 302], 'evidence': [279], 'bound': [284], 'nucleus': [287], 'thereby': [288], 'providing': [289], 'on-site': [290], 'DNA.': [293], 'Besides': [294], 'toxic': [298], 'radical,': [300, 314], 'stimulates': [303], 'peroxidase': [305], 'metabolizes': [308], 'precursor': [310], 'hydrogen': [315, 337], 'peroxide,': [316], 'water.': [318], 'Thus,': [319], 'has': [321], 'least': [323], 'means': [325], 'protect': [327, 361], 'cell': [329], 'damage,': [332], 'i.e.,': [333], 'breaks': [335], 'down': [336], 'peroxide': [338], 'harmless': [340], 'water': [341], 'and,': [342], 'event': [345], 'any': [346], 'formed,': [350], 'scavenges': [352], 'them.': [353], 'Melatonin': [354], 'premier': [358], 'molecule': [359]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W13726257', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2024, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2023, 'cited_by_count': 5}, {'year': 2022, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2021, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2020, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2019, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2018, 'cited_by_count': 2}, {'year': 2017, 'cited_by_count': 7}, {'year': 2016, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2015, 'cited_by_count': 1}, {'year': 2014, 'cited_by_count': 4}, {'year': 2013, 'cited_by_count': 6}, {'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 2}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-14T18:43:27.444168', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}