Get quick answers to your questions about the article from our AI researcher chatbot
{'id': 'https://openalex.org/W120760983', 'doi': None, 'title': 'Social Protest through Architecture: Ruskin\'s "The Nature of Gothic" as an Embodiment of His Artistic and Social Views', 'display_name': 'Social Protest through Architecture: Ruskin\'s "The Nature of Gothic" as an Embodiment of His Artistic and Social Views', 'publication_year': 2011, 'publication_date': '2011-01-01', 'ids': {'openalex': 'https://openalex.org/W120760983', 'mag': '120760983'}, 'language': 'en', 'primary_location': {'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-248407296/social-protest-through-architecture-ruskin-s-the', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764710903', 'display_name': '\x98The \x9cMidwest quarterly', 'issn_l': '0026-3451', 'issn': ['0026-3451'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316206', 'host_organization_name': 'Pittsburg State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316206'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pittsburg State University'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}, 'type': 'article', 'type_crossref': 'journal-article', 'indexed_in': [], 'open_access': {'is_oa': False, 'oa_status': 'closed', 'oa_url': None, 'any_repository_has_fulltext': False}, 'authorships': [{'author_position': 'first', 'author': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/A5069702795', 'display_name': 'Afshin Farahbakhsh', 'orcid': 'https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0123-5584'}, 'institutions': [], 'countries': [], 'is_corresponding': True, 'raw_author_name': 'Alireza Farahbakhsh', 'raw_affiliation_strings': [], 'affiliations': []}], 'institution_assertions': [], 'countries_distinct_count': 0, 'institutions_distinct_count': 0, 'corresponding_author_ids': ['https://openalex.org/A5069702795'], 'corresponding_institution_ids': [], 'apc_list': None, 'apc_paid': None, 'fwci': 2.456, 'has_fulltext': False, 'cited_by_count': 1, 'citation_normalized_percentile': {'value': 0.797289, 'is_in_top_1_percent': False, 'is_in_top_10_percent': False}, 'cited_by_percentile_year': {'min': 65, 'max': 72}, 'biblio': {'volume': '52', 'issue': '2', 'first_page': '182', 'last_page': None}, 'is_retracted': False, 'is_paratext': False, 'primary_topic': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12974', 'display_name': 'Modernist Literature and Criticism', 'score': 0.5335, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1208', 'display_name': 'Literature and Literary Theory'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, 'topics': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12974', 'display_name': 'Modernist Literature and Criticism', 'score': 0.5335, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1208', 'display_name': 'Literature and Literary Theory'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T12130', 'display_name': 'Contemporary Literature and Criticism', 'score': 0.5216, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1208', 'display_name': 'Literature and Literary Theory'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/T13329', 'display_name': 'Joseph Conrad and Literature', 'score': 0.5032, 'subfield': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/subfields/1208', 'display_name': 'Literature and Literary Theory'}, 'field': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/fields/12', 'display_name': 'Arts and Humanities'}, 'domain': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/domains/2', 'display_name': 'Social Sciences'}}], 'keywords': [], 'concepts': [{'id': 'https://openalex.org/C123657996', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271', 'display_name': 'Architecture', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.6336257}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C107038049', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986', 'display_name': 'Aesthetics', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.54043764}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C7991579', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17955', 'display_name': 'Criticism', 'level': 2, 'score': 0.5151947}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C144024400', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201', 'display_name': 'Sociology', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.48733982}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C124952713', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242', 'display_name': 'Literature', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.33998215}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C142362112', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735', 'display_name': 'Art', 'level': 0, 'score': 0.30864507}, {'id': 'https://openalex.org/C153349607', 'wikidata': 'https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649', 'display_name': 'Visual arts', 'level': 1, 'score': 0.16113067}], 'mesh': [], 'locations_count': 1, 'locations': [{'is_oa': False, 'landing_page_url': 'https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-248407296/social-protest-through-architecture-ruskin-s-the', 'pdf_url': None, 'source': {'id': 'https://openalex.org/S2764710903', 'display_name': '\x98The \x9cMidwest quarterly', 'issn_l': '0026-3451', 'issn': ['0026-3451'], 'is_oa': False, 'is_in_doaj': False, 'is_core': False, 'host_organization': 'https://openalex.org/P4310316206', 'host_organization_name': 'Pittsburg State University', 'host_organization_lineage': ['https://openalex.org/P4310316206'], 'host_organization_lineage_names': ['Pittsburg State University'], 'type': 'journal'}, 'license': None, 'license_id': None, 'version': None, 'is_accepted': False, 'is_published': False}], 'best_oa_location': None, 'sustainable_development_goals': [{'id': 'https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11', 'score': 0.57, 'display_name': 'Sustainable cities and communities'}], 'grants': [], 'datasets': [], 'versions': [], 'referenced_works_count': 0, 'referenced_works': [], 'related_works': ['https://openalex.org/W812879514', 'https://openalex.org/W794586557', 'https://openalex.org/W76438259', 'https://openalex.org/W626994541', 'https://openalex.org/W3026533952', 'https://openalex.org/W2991879773', 'https://openalex.org/W279944047', 'https://openalex.org/W2796141675', 'https://openalex.org/W2600911973', 'https://openalex.org/W2530386428', 'https://openalex.org/W2520710', 'https://openalex.org/W2490561820', 'https://openalex.org/W2484813988', 'https://openalex.org/W2275802645', 'https://openalex.org/W218096981', 'https://openalex.org/W2091868021', 'https://openalex.org/W2034349409', 'https://openalex.org/W2033059204', 'https://openalex.org/W2033042727', 'https://openalex.org/W2019396474'], 'abstract_inverted_index': {'John': [0], 'Ruskin,': [1, 132, 363, 397], 'a': [2, 10, 128, 169, 184, 265, 296, 485, 528, 545, 611], 'prominent': [3], 'Victorian': [4], 'writer': [5], 'and': [6, 17, 28, 38, 50, 55, 89, 96, 116, 141, 163, 192, 203, 233, 243, 247, 272, 292, 317, 323, 335, 345, 364, 378, 387, 391, 393, 395, 434, 455, 467, 470, 474, 483, 532, 534, 536, 547, 570, 596, 625], 'social': [7, 24, 48, 115, 129, 170, 202, 385], 'critic,': [8, 130], 'exerted': [9], 'tremendous': [11], 'influence': [12], 'on': [13, 46, 53, 58, 417, 487, 571], 'his': [14, 36, 40, 47, 51, 64, 78, 111, 120, 135, 145, 480, 513], 'contemporary': [15, 617], 'artists': [16], 'sociologists.': [18], 'His': [19], 'ideas': [20, 311], 'regarding': [21], 'aesthetics,': [22], 'architecture,': [23, 54, 60], 'responsibility,': [25], 'humanity,': [26], 'spirituality,': [27], "laborer's": [29], 'rights': [30], 'found': [31], 'many': [32, 308], 'supporters': [33], 'both': [34], 'in': [35, 56, 63, 73, 175, 286, 320, 366, 452, 459, 484, 512, 550], 'lifetime': [37], 'after': [39], 'death.': [41], 'The': [68], 'present': [43], 'essay': [44, 66, 515], 'focuses': [45], 'criticism': [49], 'views': [52, 136], 'particular,': [57], 'Gothic': [59, 102], 'as': [61, 174, 361, 527, 590], 'expounded': [62], 'famous': [65, 514], 'titled': [67, 516], 'Nature': [69], 'of': [70, 77, 81, 101, 119, 144, 153, 168, 178, 186, 197, 206, 209, 214, 228, 236, 241, 257, 268, 281, 298, 303, 309, 347, 372, 383, 465, 472, 491, 499, 508, 523, 530, 561, 574, 577, 593, 603, 613], 'Gothic,': [71], 'included': [72], 'the': [582], 'second': [75], 'volume': [76], 'Stones': [80], 'Venice.': [82], 'aim': [84], 'is': [85, 126, 156, 339, 411, 424], 'to': [86, 104, 107, 157, 223, 276, 357, 407, 544, 558, 606, 619], 'realize': [87], 'why': [88], 'how': [90, 127, 159], 'Ruskin': [91, 494, 518, 615], 'draws': [92], 'upon': [93], 'external,': [95], 'especially,': [97], 'internal': [99], 'features': [100], 'architecture': [103, 160], 'give': [105], 'vent': [106], 'reasons': [109], 'for': [110, 305, 398], 'discontent': [112], 'with': [113], 'economic': [117, 204], 'conditions': [118, 205], 'time.': [121], 'central': [123], 'question,': [124], 'therefore,': [125], 'here': [131], 'may': [133, 585], 'express': [134], 'through': [137], 'introducing': [138], 'general': [140, 266], 'specific': [142], 'elements': [143], 'favorite': [146], 'architecture.': [147], 'In': [148, 172, 479, 566], 'other': [149], 'words,': [150], 'purpose': [152], 'this': [154, 338], 'study': [155], 'see': [158], 'can': [161], 'embody': [162], 'reflect': [164], 'prescribed': [166], 'values': [167, 344, 626], 'critic.': [171], 'England,': [173], 'rest': [177], 'Europe,': [179], 'nineteenth': [181], 'century': [182], 'was': [183], 'period': [185], 'industrial': [187, 375, 563], 'revolution,': [188], 'discoveries,': [189], 'invention,': [190], 'exploration,': [191], 'unprecedented': [193], 'scientific': [194], 'progress,': [195, 271], 'all': [196, 597], 'which': [198, 551], 'radically': [199], 'altered': [200], 'life.': [207], 'Some': [208], 'most': [211], 'obvious': [212], 'manifestations': [213], 'these': [215, 441], 'alterations': [216], 'include:': [217], 'massive': [218], 'migration': [219], 'from': [220], 'rural': [221], 'areas': [222], 'burgeoning': [224], 'cities,': [225], 'construction': [227], 'big': [229], 'factories,': [230], 'mass': [231], 'production': [232], 'emergence': [235], 'consumer': [237], 'societies,': [238], 'development': [240], 'railroads': [242], 'steamships,': [244], 'population': [245], 'growth,': [246], 'class': [248, 377], 'difference.': [249], 'Technology': [250], 'not': [251, 340, 450], 'only': [252], 'changed': [253, 332], 'material': [255], 'life': [256], 'man,': [258], 'but': [259, 458], 'also': [260, 355], 'its': [261, 509, 623], 'futurism': [262], 'brought': [263], 'about': [264, 315], 'sense': [267], 'optimism;': [269], 'science,': [270], 'evolution': [273], 'were': [274, 351], 'deemed': [275], 'be': [277, 586], 'final': [279], 'saviors': [280], 'mankind.': [282], 'discoveries': [284], 'made': [285], 'astronomy,': [287], 'geology,': [288], 'evolutionary': [289], 'biology,': [290], 'medicine,': [291], 'natural': [293], 'sciences': [294], 'triggered': [295], 're-statement': [297], 'old': [299], 'beliefs.': [300], "Darwin's": [301], 'theory': [302], 'evolution,': [304], 'instance,': [306], 'shook': [307], 'Victorians': [313], 'had': [314], 'themselves': [316], 'their': [318], 'place': [319], 'world': [322, 529], 'when': [324], 'it': [325, 330], 'eventually': [326], 'became': [327], 'widely': [328], 'accepted,': [329], 'dramatically': [331], 'subsequent': [333], 'thought': [334], 'literature.': [336], 'But': [337], 'all.': [341], 'Once': [342], 'tendencies': [346], 'new': [349], 'society': [350, 549], 'established,': [352], 'reactionary': [353], 'attitudes': [354], 'began': [356], 'emerge.': [358], 'Writers': [359], 'such': [360, 539], 'Arnold,': [362], 'Carlyle': [365], 'England': [367, 618], 'bitterly': [368], 'criticized': [369], 'assumptions': [371], 'new-born': [374], 'middle': [376], 'passionately': [379], 'advocated': [380], 'revival': [382], 'medieval': [384, 409], 'cooperation': [386], 'harmony': [388], 'between': [389], 'man': [390], 'nature': [392], 'mind': [394], 'body.': [396, 475], 'example,': [399], 'argues': [400, 495], 'that': [401, 496, 538, 581], 'title': [403], 'Dark': [404], 'Ages': [405], 'given': [406], 'times': [410], 'wholly': [412], 'inapplicable': [413], 'since': [414], 'They': [415], 'were,': [416], 'contrary,': [419], 'bright': [421], 'ages;': [422], 'ours': [423], 'dark': [426], 'one;': [427], '...': [428, 595], 'we': [429], 'build': [430], 'brown': [431, 436], 'brick': [432], 'walls,': [433], 'wear': [435], 'coats....': [437], 'On': [438], 'whole,': [440], 'are': [442, 555], 'much': [443], 'sadder': [444, 451], 'ages': [445], 'than': [446], 'early': [448], 'ones;': [449], 'noble': [454], 'deep': [456], 'way,': [457], 'dim': [461], 'wearied': [462], 'way--the': [463], 'way': [464], 'ennui': [466], 'jaded': [468], 'intellect,': [469], 'uncomfortableness': [471], 'soul': [473], '(Modern': [476], 'Painters,': [477], '326)': [478], 'Modern': [481], 'Painting,': [482], 'chapter': [486], "Turner's": [488], 'Garden': [490], 'Hesperides,': [493], 'any': [497], 'work': [498], 'art': [500], 'always': [501], 'introduces': [502], 'moral': [504], 'wealth': [505], 'or': [506], 'depravity': [507], 'society.': [510], 'Similarly,': [511], 'Traffic,': [517], 'mocks': [519], 'English': [520], "people's": [521], 'conception': [522], 'an': [524, 540], 'ideal': [525], 'life,': [526], 'pleasure': [531], 'iron': [533], 'coal': [535], 'asserts': [537], 'outlook': [541], 'ultimately': [542], 'leads': [543], 'barren': [546], 'dehumanized': [548], 'moneyed': [553], 'classes': [554], 'totally': [556], 'oblivious': [557], 'sufferings': [560], 'urban': [564], 'poor.': [565], 'same': [568], 'article': [569], 'issue': [573], 'mania': [576], 'success': [578], 'he': [579], 'observes': [580], 'ruling': [583], 'goddess': [584], 'best': [587], 'generally': [588], 'described': [589], 'Goddess': [592], 'Getting-on': [594], 'your': [598], 'great': [599], 'architectural': [600], 'works': [601], 'are,': [602], 'course,': [604], 'built': [605], 'her': [607], '(Selections,': [608], '286).': [609], 'As': [610], 'disciple': [612], 'Carlyle,': [614], 'invites': [616], 'recognize': [620], 'precisely': [621], 'what': [622], 'ideologies': [624], 'imply.': [627], '…': [628]}, 'cited_by_api_url': 'https://api.openalex.org/works?filter=cites:W120760983', 'counts_by_year': [{'year': 2012, 'cited_by_count': 1}], 'updated_date': '2024-12-08T19:32:51.053380', 'created_date': '2016-06-24'}